Single-visit Root Canal Treatment Research Articles

Assessment of postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatment using rotary and reciprocating file systems: an in vivo study.

BackgroundVarious instrument kinematics used in single-visit endodontics influence the occurrence of pain after endodontic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of pain after mechanical instrumentation with Hyflex EDM (HEDM) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) during single-visit endodontic therapy.MethodsSixty patients diagnosed with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis and normal apical tissues in mandibular premolar teeth were included in the study for single-visit root canal therapy. The patients were divided into two groups (n = 30) according to the rotary instrument used during root canal preparation (group A [HEDM] and group B [WOG]). Pain was evaluated after endodontic therapy at 8, 24, and 48 h intervals using the visual analog scale (VAS). Data obtained were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, MannWhitney U test, and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (P < 0.001) at 8, 24, and 48 h, with WOG exhibiting less pain than HEDM files.ConclusionPostoperative pain was lower in the WOG file system than in the HEDM file system after single-visit root canal therapy at 8, 24, and 48 h.

Effect of two different volumes of sodium hypochlorite on endodontic treatment outcome following single-visit root canal treatment: A split-mouth, double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Aim: This split-mouth (SM), randomized controlled trial was planned to assess the influence of two different volumes (15 ml and 25 ml) of 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the endodontic treatment outcome of teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) by radiographic and clinical evaluation.Materials and Methods: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee (25/XX/IEC/2017/11). Using block randomization, permanent lower molars with pulp necrosis and chronic AP (periapical index [PAI] of 3 or above) were allotted to two treatment groups as Group I (low volume [LV]) and Group II (high volume (HV)) wherein 3 ml and 5 ml of NaOCl irrigant were used after each Mtwo rotary file, respectively. This NaOCl was activated by a sonic handpiece. With power at 0.80, P < 0.05, and minimum clinically significant mean intergroup difference set at 0.40 units (standard deviation – 0.88 unit) while using the change in PAI score as the primary outcome, a total of 46 subjects per group were recruited to adequately show a difference in success at the 12-month follow-up. Clinical (at 24 h, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months) and radiographic (6 and 12 months) assessment of all cases was done.Results: Due to SM design of the study, there was no difference in the demographics of subjects between both the groups. Pain scores between both groups were statistically nonsignificant preoperatively (P = 0.857) and at 24 h (P = 0.852). However, there was statistically significant difference in preoperative and 24 h pain scores in Group I (P = 0.000) and Group II (0.000). Comparison of intergroup preoperative and 12-month follow-up PAI scores revealed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.667). However, there was statistically significant difference in preoperative and 12-month follow-up PAI scores in Group I (P = 0.000) and Group II (P = 0.000). Intergroup comparison of PAI scores at baseline (P = 0.894) and follow-up (P = 0.526) revealed no significant difference.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be suggested that there is no significant advantage of using HV of NaOCl over LV as far as periapical healing and postendodontic pain are concerned.

Efficacy of Different Ibuprofen Formulations with Two Prescription Methods on Post Endodontic Pain of Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Pain management during root canal therapy and after that is of great importance in endodontics. This study aimed to compare the effect of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); ibuprofen and ibuprofen lysine with two methods of prescription on pain after single-visit root canal treatment of first and second mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis. This randomized study recruited subjects experiencing moderate to severe pain from a tooth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (n=120). Subjects were randomized to receive 400 mg ibuprofen acid or 400 mg ibuprofen lysine regularly or on demand. The primary objective was to measure changes in pain scores at post-operative time frames of 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the root canal treatment on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS). Independent T-test, Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis Test and Friedman Test were used to analyze the data. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed a significant difference in NRS score between on-demand ibuprofen group and regular ibuprofen group and also between regular ibuprofen lysine group and regular ibuprofen group at 6 hours after the treatment (P<0.05). But no remarkable difference was observed in the recorded mean pain intensity of four study groups in the other time frames (P>0.05). Based on this randomized clinical trial, there was no significant difference in the pain intensity of patients using ibuprofen and ibuprofen lysine. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the degree of pain between the on-demand and regular groups, despite the fact that patients in the on-demand group used less medications. Due to the multiple negative effects of NSAIDs, it would be wise to prescribe ibuprofen on demand.

Evaluation of the perception of single-visit root canal treatment and the reasons for taking the decision among the dental practitioners

Introduction: Even though the idea and technology behind doing root canal treatment (RCT) in a single appointment is not new, the majority of the currently approved methods focus on multivisit systems. A tooth’s root canals can be instrumented, cleaned, and sealed all in a single appointment with one-visit root canal therapy. The length of time a patient must visit an endodontist in order to finish a root canal procedure is a hotly contested topic in the field of endodontics. When it comes to this topic, people have a lot of diverse points of view. Objective: The purpose of this research was to learn how and why dentists decide to do root canals in a single appointment. Materials and Methods: After reaching out to all 200 dentists on file at the practice, we were able to secure the participation of 150 dentists, who were then sent a questionnaire to fill out in their own time. Economic and social factors, current therapeutic cycles, rationales, and proactive dispositions were also taken into account. Results: Majority of pulp vitality was cited as the primary reason for opting for the one-visit RCT by 65% of dentists, with patient preference accounting for 25%, patent and normal roots accounting for 5%, a non-vital tooth with a sinus for 3%, and other reasons accounting for 2%. When pulp vitality is not at risk, more dentists opt for a single-visit root canal procedure.

Evaluation of Postoperative Pain Following Single-Visit Root Canal Treatment with Rotary and Reciprocal Ni-Ti File Systems in Children.

Background and Objectives: Postoperative pain is a common symptom of a flare-up after root canal treatments (RCTs). Insufficient instrumentation, extrusion of irrigation solutions and debris, and the existence of a periapical lesion are the factors affecting postoperative pain after root canal treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative pain and instrumentation time of the single-file reciprocating system and multiple-file Ni–Ti rotary system in children ages 9–12 years old. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted on 51 permanent mandibular molars with the diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups, and RCTs were completed with either the Reciproc Blue or Protaper NEXT file systems. Instrumentation time for each system was noted, and patients were given a pain scale that included a visual analog scale for 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Postoperative pain scores and instrumentation times were analyzed statistically with a chi-square test and Student’s t-test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative pain between the Reciproc Blue and Protaper NEXT systems at all time intervals. Instrumentation time was significantly shorter in the Reciproc Blue group in comparison with the Protaper NEXT group. Conclusions: Postoperative pain findings following RCT using single-file reciprocating systems were similar to the rotary system group. However, chair time in the reciprocating system group was significantly lower. This provided a comfortable and patient-friendly treatment approach for children, and could enhance their cooperation.

Single Visit Root Canal Treatment: Intensity of Postoperative Pain Using AH Plus Sealer Versus Endosequence BC Sealer in Patients with Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis (A Randomized Clinical Trial)

Single Visit Root Canal Treatment: Intensity of Postoperative Pain Using AH Plus Sealer Versus Endosequence BC Sealer in Patients with Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis (A Randomized Clinical Trial)

Comparison of Effects of Different Endodontic Irrigating Solutions on Post-Operative Pain during Single Visit RCT

Aims: Comparing the effects of normal saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine on the post-operative pain intensity after a single visit root canal treatment. Methods: A total of 120 male and female patients requiring an endodontic treatment for necrotic teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were randomly divided into three equal groups (40 each) according to the type of root canal irrigating solution, i.e. group A (normal saline {NaCl}), group B (sodium hypochlorite {5.25% NaOCl}) and group C (chlorhexidine {2.0% CLX}) . The post-operative pain intensity was determined using a self-explanatory questionnaire with four-point pain intensity scale at 6 hrs and 24 hrs and on 4th, 7th and 10th day after a single visit endodontic procedure. Tukey’s test was used to compare significant pain intensity among three root canal irrigating solution. Results: Among group A (NaCl) participants, most of them experienced mild pain at 6th hr. The mean pain score was further compared among the three irrigant groups at different time intervals by Post hoc comparison using Tukey’s HSD test, which showed that group A (NaCl) had a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) with a mean pain value of 0.66±1 at 6th hr post-endodontic pain determination as compared to group B (5.25% NaOCl) and group C (2.0% CLX) where the mean pain value was 1.05±0.91 and 2.48±0.55 respectively. Conclusion: The present study concludes that normal saline should not be used as the sole root canal irrigant during the endodontic treatment especially when the involved teeth are having necrotic pulp and chronic peri-radicular periodontitis to avoid the incidence of post-endodontic pain. Keywords: Endodontics, Irrigant, Pain, Chlorhexidine.

Evaluation of Ozone Therapy in Endodontic Treatment of Teeth with Necrotic Pulp and Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of different application techniques of ozone on the prevalence of postendodontic pain in patients undergoing single-visit root canal treatment. Methodshundred eight patients with necrotic pulp in single-rooted teeth and apical periodontitis participated in the trial. A standard single-visit endodontics protocol was followed with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and rotary nickel-titanium files. After shaping and cleaning, patients were randomly allocated into the following groups: group 1 (n = 21), ozone treatment with no activation (NA); group 2 (n = 22), ozone treatment with manual dynamic activation (MDA); group 3, (n = 21), ozone treatment with passive ultrasonic activation (PUA); group 4 (n = 23), ozone treatment with sonic activation (SA); and group 5 (n = 21), no ozone treatment (the control group). Patient levels of discomfort were recorded at 6 different time intervals using the visual analog scale (VAS). Comparison of the mean difference between the groups and time intervals was performed using 2-way analysis of variance followed by a post hoc Bonferroni test. The level of significance was set at 5%. ResultsVAS scores were highest for the control > NA > MDA > SA > PUA groups. A statistically significant reduction in VAS scores was observed in the PUA and SA groups in comparison with the NA, control, and MDA groups. Timewise comparison showed a highly significant decline in VAS scores at all time intervals (P < .001). ConclusionsUltrasonic and sonic activation of ozone resulted in less pain in patients undergoing single-visit endodontics compared with no ozone treatment.

The Use of Single Length Technique for Single Visit Root Canal Treatment on Molar Mandibula: A case report

Obje ctive : This case report describe the one visit root canal treatment on molar mandibula using a single length technique. Methods : A 28 year old male came to RSGMP with complaints of caries and pain on lower back teeth, positive on cold thermal stimuli, negative on percussion and palpation. Radiographs show caries has reached the pulp chamber. Result : Root canal were treated with single visit endodontic treatment used single length technique, with composite direct restoration. There were no subjective and objective complaints after 1 week control. Conclusion: The use of single length technique on single visit endodontic treatment gives good and efficient result.

ANALGESIC EFFECT OF PRE-EMPTIVE ORAL NSAIDS ON POST-ENDODONTIC PAIN LEVELS IN SINGLE VISIT ENDODONTICS -A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Pre-emptive analgesia is an anti-nociceptive treatment which reduces the postoperative pain by preventing the processing of altered afferent input. As most of the patients present with pain preoperatively have higher levels of released local inflammatory mediators. Thus, pretreatment analgesia decreases the establishment of central sensitization, a mechanism by which spinal neurons increase their response to peripheral nociceptive impulse. Objective: This systematic review aims to compare and evaluate the postoperative pain levels and analgesic intake on preoperative oral administration of NSAIDs in single visit root canal treatment. Data Sources: The present review was done according to PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination University of York; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO). Registration number - CRD42020195775. The research question was formulated based on the PICO strategy. A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted across PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Database independently by two reviewers. Study Eligibility Criteria: Articles published from January 1990 to May 2019 that focused on preemptive strategies in single visit root canal treatment were included in the present review. Based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria’s, the selected articles were subjected to quality assessment, and the risk of bias was evaluated. Methods: A total of 6 articles were included, out of which three were hand searched. The overall risk of bias of included studies was moderate, and the study limitations were high. Results: Among the studies included, Ibuprofen was considered as the best drug of choice in single visit endodontics. Limitations: The present review was assessing only the effectiveness of NSAIDs in single visit root canal treatment. But ideally comprehensive literature should search on effectiveness in both single and multiple visit root canal treatments. Conclusion: The present systematic review concluded that ibuprofen was considered to be an effective drug in single visit root canal treatment.

Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of 2.5% Non-Heated Sodium Hypochlorite and 2.5% Heated Sodium Hypochlorite as Irrigation to Control Postoperative Pain in Single Visit Root Canal Treatment

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of 2.5% non-heated sodium hypochlorite and 2.5% heated sodium hypochlorite as irrigation to control postoperative pain in single visit root canal treatment. Study Design: Comparative analytical study Place and Duration: Operative dentistry department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro for 6 months duration from March 2017 to September 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 60 patients with single rooted maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth were randomly allocated into two groups. 30 patients were in group A and treated with non heated sodium hypochlorite solution and 30 patients in group B were treated with 2.5% heated sodium hypochlorite solution. In both groups, the level of pain was measured postoperatively after 48 hours by using Heft Parker visual Analog Scale of 10 and information was collected on Performa. Results: The average age of the patients was 28.62±6.06 years. There were 40(66.7%) male and 20(33.3%) female. Pain was reduced in both groups but there were no significant difference in reduction of pain between groups (p=0.640). Conclusion: Severity of pain was not statistically significant between groups. At 48 hours, Pain was reduced in both groups but there were no significant difference in reduction of pain between groups. Heated sodium hypochlorite to relieve postoperative pain, it should be new trend for recommendation for treatment of irreversible pulpitis in single visit root canal treatment. Key Words: Root canal, Heated sodium hypochlorite, Postoperative pain.

Single visit endodontics with associated myths

A successful endodontic treatment depends upon localization, proper chemomechanical preparation of the root canal system, debridement, shaping, disinfection, and three-dimensional obturation of canal system. To achieve this, endodontic therapy used to be performed in multiple visits for complete disinfection of the canals in other words for the better success of endodontic therapy. One-visit endodontic therapy is defined as ‘the conservative non-surgical treatment of an endodontically involved tooth consisting of complete biomechanical cleansing, shaping and obturation of the root canal system during one visit’. The concept of single visit root canal treatment is predicted on the entombing theory, which states that the large number of microorganisms are removed during cleaning and shaping and therefore the remaining bacteria are entombed by the root canal obturation, and it’ll miss the essential elements to survive, nutrition and space. The recent advances, helps the dental practitioners and endodontists to perform the root canal treatment in single visit.

The influence of different NiTi instrumentation techniques on postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of multi-file rotary (Protaper Universal) and reciprocating single-file (Reciproc Blue) root canal preparation techniques on the occurrence of postoperative pain in asymptomatic mandibular molar teeth with large periapical lesions in single-visit root canal treatment (RCT). A hundred and twenty teeth were randomly assigned to two groups: Protaper Universal (PTU) or Reciproc Blue (RB) instruments. Postoperative pain at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days after obturation was measured. Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to compare the pain scores between the groups and to assess the relation of pain with patients' age and gender. Spearman's rank correlation was utilized to correlate the pain intensity and analgesic intake at different time points. There was no significant difference between the instrumentation techniques regarding postoperative pain at any time points evaluated (P > 0.05). There was a correlation between analgesic intake and intensity of pain (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found among the groups assessed in the study in terms of analgesic intake (P > 0.05).

Assessment of post-operative pain with use of rotary and conventional root canal instruments in single and multiple visit root canal treatment

Aim: To compare the post-operative pain after the use of rotary and conventional root canal instruments in single and multiple visit root canal treatment Materials and Method: 168 patients requiring Root Canal Treatment [RCT] in maxillary and mandibular 1st molar were involved in the study. On the basis of vitality and radiographic features two groups were made, multiple visit (Group A n=72), single visit (Group B n=96). Then the patients were randomly divided into 4 subgroups. Subgroup I n=36 (multiple visit conventional RCT), Subgroup II n=36 (multiple visit rotary RCT), Subgroup III n=48 (single visit Conventional RCT) and Subgroup IV n=48 (single visit rotary RCT). In subgroup I &amp; Subgroup III Canal preparation was done with stainless steel K files in step back manner. In subgroup II &amp; Subgroup IV, rotary Protaper Next was used. Irrigation was done with 3 % NaOCl and Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) alternatively followed by obturation. The postobturation pain was recorded at 6hr, 12hr, 24hr, 1 week using visual analogue scale. Statistical Analysis was done using Tukey HSD Post Hoc Test and ANOVA Test. Results: Within 24 hours there was statistically significant difference between the groups (p&lt; 0.05) but after 7 days no statistically significant difference was there (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Patients in the groups either in single and multiple visit experience less postobturation pain if the canal preparation was done with the rotary files at all the time intervals (6hrs, 12hrs, 24hrs ) but after 7 days no statistical difference was found.

Comparison of the incidence of post-operative pain after low-level laser therapy between single- and multi-visit root canal treatments for chronic apical periodontitis: A prospective randomized clinical trial

Aim: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy, used in conjunction with conventional canal disinfection techniques, on post-operative pain after single- and multi-visit root canal treatments for chronic apical periodontitis.&#x0D; Methodology: 100 volunteers were randomly divided into 4 groups. The main inclusion criteria were radiographic evidence of apical periodontitis (minimum size of 2.0 × 2.0 mm) and a diagnosis of pulpal necrosis confirmed by a negative response to vitality tests. All the root canals were prepared using a standard shaping technique and irrigation procedure. In Groups I and III, the root canals were obturated during the first visit following chemo-mechanical preparation. In Groups II and IV, the root canals were medicated with calcium hydroxide and obturated during a second visit, 1 week later. In Groups III and IV, after the chemo-mechanical preparation, the root canals were additionally irradiated by an 810-nm diode laser at 1.5 W output for 20 seconds. A modified visual analogue scale was used to measure pain at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours and 7 days after the treatment.&#x0D; Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of post-operative pain at any time during the observation period (p &gt; .05). Post-operative pain occurred only at 8 and 12 hours and at 1, 2, and 3 days in all groups. There was no correlation between the results regarding age, gender, periapical index scores, or tooth type.&#x0D; Conclusion: The use of low-level laser therapy had no significant effect on the incidence of post-operative pain, and single-visit root canal treatment may be a strong alternative to multi-visit treatment.&#x0D; How to cite this article: Özkan Özcan H, Haznedaroğlu F, Gökyay S. Comparison of the incidence of post-operative pain after low-level laser therapy between single- and multi-visit root canal treatments for chronic apical periodontitis: A prospective randomized clinical trial. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):30-7. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.6&#x0D; &#x0D; Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Effect of Foraminal Enlargement on Postoperative Pain in Necrotic Single-Rooted Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate pain perception, pain medication intake, and sealer extrusion after single-visit root canal treatment of asymptomatic teeth with or without foraminal enlargement. The correlation between sealer extrusion and pain was also investigated. MethodsOne hundred forty necrotic, single-rooted teeth were divided into 2 groups (n = 70): foraminal patency (FP), in which treatment was performed up to 1 mm short of the apex, and foraminal enlargement (FE), in which treatment was performed up to the apex. The canals were instrumented using WaveOne Gold files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and filled using the single-cone technique and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Maillefer). A visual analog scale was used to record pain 24, 48, and 72 hours and 1 week postoperatively. The presence or absence of sealer extrusion was recorded. ResultsPain levels were significantly higher for FE than FP at 24 hours (P < .05), namely 0.3 ± 0.9 versus 0.1 ± 0.1; no difference was found at 48 hours, namely 0.1 ± 0.5 versus 0.0 ± 0.0 (P > .05). No pain was reported 72 hours or 1 week postoperatively in either group. Although all patients requiring pain medication at 24 hours were from the FE group, the difference between FE and FP was not statistically significant with respect to this variable (P > .05). Nevertheless, the intake amount was significantly higher in FE than in FP at this time point (P < .05). Sealer extrusion occurred more frequently in FE than FP, namely 57.14 % versus 14.29% (P < .05). There was no association between pain and sealer extrusion (P > .05) or between pain and sex, age, or tooth type (P > .05). ConclusionFE was related to higher pain levels 24 hours postoperatively and to higher rates of filling material extrusion; however, there was no association between filling material extrusion and postoperative pain.

The Incidence and Intensity of Postendodontic Pain and Flareup in Single and Multiple Visit Root Canal Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To assess the incidence and intensity of postendodontic pain and flareup in single and multiple visit root canal treatment (RCT) and determine if the difference between the two is significant, a search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of science was conducted. The grey literature was searched using Google Scholar and Saudi digital library. Randomised controlled trials evaluating the incidence and intensity of postendodontic pain and flareup published in English from 1 January 2000 to 15 April 2020 were searched. The PRISMA protocol was followed to select the articles. A random effects model was used for the meta-analysis of the data in the included studies. Twenty-one articles were included in the review. Three compared both the incidence and the intensity, while the rest compared either one of the parameters. Most studies used both hand-driven and rotary instruments and irrigated with sodium hypochlorite. Twelve studies used an intracanal medicament. Although individual studies showed discordant treatment outcomes, the meta-analysis did not reveal any significant difference in the incidence or the intensity of the postendodontic flareup between the single and multiple visit RCT groups. Single or a multiple visit root canal treatment is not an independent determinant for the risk of postendodontic pain or a flareup.

What’s new for the clinician? - Excerpts from and summaries of recently published papers

Choosing an endodontic sealer clinical use is a decision that contributes to the long-term success of non-surgical root canal treatment. Sealers are used as a thin tacky paste which function as a lubricant and luting agent during obturation, allowing the core obturation material, such as gutta-percha points or other rigid materials, to slide in and become fixed in the canal. Sealers can fill voids, lateral canals, and accessory canals where core obturation materials cannot infiltrate. If the sealer does not perform its function, microleakage may cause root canal failure via clinically undetectable passage of bacteria, fluids, molecules or ions between the tooth and restorative material. It has been reported that extrusion of the sealer during root canal filling has cytotoxic effects on periapical tissues, causing periapical inflammation, necrosis and pain. Endodontic sealers are categorized by composition based on setting reaction and composition: zinc oxide eugenol, salicylate, fatty acid, glass ionomer, silicone, epoxy resin, tricalcium silicate, and methacrylate resin sealer systems. Aslan &amp; Özkan (2021) reported on a trial that sought to evaluate the effect of two calcium silicate-based root canal sealers, Endoseal MTA and EndoSequence BC Sealer, on postoperative pain following single-visit root canal treatment on molar teeth compared to their epoxy/ amine resin-based counterpart AH Plus. The null hypotheses tested in this study were as follows:1. The type of sealer used would not change the incidence and the intensity of post-treatment endodontic pain2. The analgesic intake of patients following single-visit root canal treatment

Post-operative Pain after Photo-Active Disinfection (PAD) Supplemented Single Visit Root Canal Treatment in Teeth with Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis

Objective: To observe the incidence of post-operative pain after single-visit Non-Surgical Endodontic Therapy (NSET) in teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis disinfected with Photo-Activated Disinfection (PAD). Methods: Single-rooted teeth (N=30) with pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis were included. Subsequent to chemo mechanical preparation, the teeth were randomly distributed into two groups: group I (n=15) which received calcium hydroxide slurry as an intracanal medicament and group II (n=15) which received PAD and obturation in the same visit. Postoperative pain was recorded at 4, 24, 48 and72 hours using a visual analog pain scale. One-way analysis of variance post hoc Tukey test was used to compare the score. Results: There was a significant reduction in pain after instrumentation in Groups I and II. The pain reduction was more in group I as compared to group II at 4 hours. There was no statistically significant difference seen in both the groups at 24, 48 and 72 hours postoperatively. Conclusion: Application of PAD as an adjunct in single visit NSET has no noticeable difference in pain perception when compared with the use of calcium hydroxide interim dressing in two visits NSET.

Assessment of Postoperative Pain after Single-Visit Root Canal Treatment using Wave One® and One Shape® Single File System: A Clinical Study.

Background:Wave One® (WO) and One Shape® (OS) are among the common endodontic file systems having rotary and reciprocating movement of instrument, respectively. The study evaluated the postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatment using single file rotary and reciprocating system.Materials and Methods:The present study was conducted in the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics on 68 teeth of patients aged between 20 and 45 years. Sixty-eight teeth were divided into two study groups. In Group A, instrumentation with OS file systems (n = 34) was done with subgroup A1 having patients without periapical lesion (n = 17) and subgroup A2 having patients with periapical lesion (n = 17). In Group B, instrumentation with WO file systems (n = 34) was done with subgroup B1 having patients without periapical lesion (n = 17) and subgroup B2 having patients with periapical lesion (n = 17). The root canal shaping procedures were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions for each instrument system. Presence of postobturation pain was accessed by visual analog scale (VAS) scale (0–10), where 0 showed no pain, 1–3 mild pain, 4–6 moderate pain, 7–9 severe pain, and 10 worst possible pain.Results:The intensity of pain was measured with VAS score in patients without periapical lesions and with periapical lesions using WO and OS file system on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th day. VAS score was found to be nonsignificant on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th day in both groups (P > 0.05). Intergroup comparison of VAS score was found to be nonsignificant (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Both systems were found to have similar effect with respect to postoperative pain. However, WO single file system presented less pain as compared to OS system in cases with periapical lesion. Large sample studies are required to substantiate the result obtained in this study.