Single Ti Research Articles

Strength and toughness mechanism of single Ti microalloyed steels

Strength and toughness mechanism of single Ti microalloyed steels

Enhanced dehydrogenation of MgH2 modified by Ti and S: A first-principles investigation

The present work gives the structural, dehydriding and electronic characteristics of MgH2 with Ti or/and S additives by first-principles density functional theory calculations. It is found that Ti and S prefer to occupy Mg site and interstitial site, respectively, in terms of occupation energy (Eocc). Furthermore, Ti + S incorporation into MgH2 lattice is more energetically favorable (Eocc = −0.051 eV–0.944 eV) relative to single Ti incorporation (Eocc = 1.314 eV–1.784 eV), for which the promotion of adequate Mg site by S addition is chiefly responsible. Ti, S, and especially Ti + S doping not only reduce the hydrogen dissociation energy from 1.619 eV/2.317 eV (Mg16H32) to 0.350 eV/0.967 eV (Mg15TiSH32) for H-atom/H-molecule desorption, but also decrease the hydrogen diffusion energy barrier from 0.706 eV/0.704 eV (Mg16H32) to 0.342 eV/0.169 eV (Mg15TiSH32) along path I/II, respectively. As a result, a significant improvement on the thermodynamical and kinetical performance of MgH2 can be achieved using Ti or/and S. This improvement is attributed to the higher electronegativity of Ti (relative to Mg), the decrease of Mg–H interaction and the formation of Ti–H and Mg–S bonds. Our studies provide new insight into the enhanced dehydrogenation of MgH2 modified by Ti and S, which is useful for designing advanced magnesium hydrides with favorable H-desorption performance.

Sorption behavior of low specific activity 99Mo on Ti- and Zr-xerogels as an alternative to fission-based 99Mo/99mTc generators

Abstract In order to contribute to the sufficient supply of clinical 99mTc(VII), the sorption behavior of neutron-produced 99Mo(VI) was investigated on synthetized single and binary Ti and Zr xerogels treated at different temperatures, under normal operating conditions. Materials were prepared by the sol–gel method and characterized by several techniques. Sorption batch systems were performed using 99Mo radiotracer to determine the metallic affinity as a function of pH, and a methodology was developed in order to obtain the maximum capacities by surface saturation, where the Ti-388, TiZr-388 (3:1) and Zr-388 samples showed the most noteworthy sorption behaviors (33.1 ± 0.34 mg/g at pH ∼ 6.0, 31.7 ± 0.27 mg/g at pH ∼ 6.5, and 23.5 ± 0.61 mg/g at pH ∼ 6.8, respectively). The molybdenum-99 sorption behavior was also studied by fitting to the Freundlich and Langmuir models, and all xerogels could be described as heterogeneous materials with favorable 99Mo sorption properties. Finally, preliminary studies of clinical-scale 99Mo/99mTc generators were performed, the results revealed the next maximum 99mTc elution yield order Ti-388 (89.6 %) > TiZr-388 (3:1) (86.7 %) > Zr-388 (77.7 %).

On time-horizons based post-processing of flow forecasts

Post-processing raw stream flow forecasts are generally understood as estimating the univariate predictive density of stage or discharge values at selected future time steps, which is conditional on a single or multiple streamflow forecasts and observations up to the forecast start time to. The predictive density indicates to a forecaster in the most comprehensive way which flood level is likely to be expected. To this end, a variety of post-processing methods were proposed, which have respective strengths and weaknesses. These methods focus near-exclusively on the probabilistic forecast of the predictand at a single set future time ti, without addressing the predictive capability over the sequence of temporal sub-horizons (to, t1] ⊂ (to, t2] ⊂ … ⊂ (to, tk] nested into the overall forecast horizon. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of time-horizon dependent processing of streamflow forecasts, which evaluates the evolution of the predictive density over the sub-horizons by considering the temporal correlation among forecast ensemble members in addition to their cross-correlation with observations. The resulting probabilistic forecast consists of a multivariate distribution of stages and/or discharges at lagged forecasting times. These multivariate predictive distributions have the advantage of providing the likelihood of exceeding a critical threshold during the forecasting horizon while simultaneously offering valuable insights into the expected time of such exceedance. This approach supports not only decisions on issuing timely flood warnings but also the planing and roll-out of mitigating actions.

Metabolite T1 relaxation times decrease across the adult lifespan.

Relaxation correction is an integral step in quantifying brain metabolite concentrations measured by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). While most quantification routines assume constant T1 relaxation across age, it is possible that aging alters T1 relaxation rates, as is seen for T2 relaxation. Here, we investigate the age dependence of metabolite T1 relaxation times at 3 T in both gray- and white-matter-rich voxels using publicly available metabolite and metabolite-nulled (single inversion recovery TI = 600 ms) spectra acquired at 3 T using Point RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) localization. Data were acquired from voxels in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and centrum semiovale (CSO) in 102 healthy volunteers across 5 decades of life (aged 20-69 years). All spectra were analyzed in Osprey v.2.4.0. To estimate T1 relaxation times for total N-acetyl aspartate at 2.0 ppm (tNAA2.0) and total creatine at 3.0 ppm (tCr3.0), the ratio of modeled metabolite residual amplitudes in the metabolite-nulled spectrum to the full metabolite signal was calculated using the single-inversion-recovery signal equation. Correlations between T1 and subject age were evaluated. Spearman correlations revealed that estimated T1 relaxation times of tNAA2.0 (rs = -0.27; p < 0.006) and tCr3.0 (rs = -0.40; p < 0.001) decreased significantly with age in white-matter-rich CSO, and less steeply for tNAA2.0 (rs = -0.228; p = 0.005) and (not significantly for) tCr3.0 (rs = -0.13; p = 0.196) in graymatter-rich PCC. The analysis harnessed a large publicly available cross-sectional dataset to test an important hypothesis, that metabolite T1 relaxation times change with age. This preliminary study stresses the importance of further work to measure age-normed metabolite T1 relaxation times for accurate quantification of metabolite levels in studies of aging.

Single source CARS-based multimodal microscopy system for biological tissue imaging [Invited

A coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS)-based multimodality microscopy system was developed using a single Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser source for biological imaging. It provides three complementary and co-registered imaging modalities: CARS, MPM (multiphoton microscopy), and RCM (reflectance confocal microscopy). The imaging speed is about 1 frame-per-second (fps) with a digital resolution of 1024 × 1024 pixels. This microscopy system can provide clear 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional images of ex-vivo biological tissue samples. Its spectral selection initiates vibrational excitation in lipid cells (approximately 2850 cm-1) using two filters on the pump and Stokes beam paths. The excitation can be tuned over a wide spectral range with adjustable spectral filters. The imaging capability of this CARS-based multimodal microscopy system was demonstrated using porcine fat, murine skin, and murine liver tissue samples.

Engineering hexagonal-silicon monolayer for high-performance water splitting electrocatalysts

We report on the performance of hexagonal silicon (hSi)-based electrocatalysts with lattice substitution using a single Ge (Ge/hSi) and a single Ti (Ti/hSi) in promoting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via the water splitting process. All data provided in this work is generated using density functional theory (DFT)- based total energy calculations. Based on the results, we conclude that both Ge/hSi and Ti/hSi surfaces have the potential to be developed as HER and OER electrocatalysts. The Ti/hSi electrocatalyst outperforms Ge/hSi in terms of performance in decomposing H2O molecules and promoting OER due to its twice lower overpotential than the OER overpotential on the Ge/hSi surface. However, in comparison to H bonding to the Ti/hSi surface, Ge/hSi is somewhat weaker at binding H∗, making Ge/hSi slightly easier to induce HER compared to Ti/hSi. These findings will have a considerable impact on the development of new non-Pt group metal (non-PGM) catalysts.

Improvement of plastic property of Ti/Al nanowires by designing the core–shell structures

Ti alloy has the disadvantages of low elastic modulus, high yield ratio, and low plasticity, therefore, improving its plasticity is very important to promote their use. In this study, the tensile behavior of Ti/Al core–shell nanowires (NWs) in the z-axis direction of single-crystal Ti with [0001] grain-oriented HCP structure and single-crystal Al with [001] grain-oriented FCC structure was investigated using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to explore the mechanism of enhanced ductility in Ti alloy. The results indicate that the shell thickness may significantly affect the mechanical behaviors of the NWs. For the mechanical properties of core–shell NWs, Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), Specific modulus, Specific strength, flow stress, and fracture strain showed sensitivity to shell thickness. Compared with core–shell NWs, single crystal Ti NW has greater strength and higher Young’s modulus, Specific strength and UTS. By contrast, core–shell NWs have better Specific modulus and plastic properties, their flow stress and fracture strain are higher than those of single crystal Ti NW. For the single crystal Ti NW, the main plastic deformation mechanisms are shear band nucleation and recrystallization. For Ti/Al core–shell NWs with shell thicknesses of 1and 2 nm, the nucleation of the twin variants replaces the dominant position of the shear bands. As the twin boundaries (TBs) expand, the dislocation slip is activated, and grain reorientation occurs, inducing the superior plastic properties of NWs. As the shell thickness increases to 3–5 nm, the interaction between the twin variants and shear bands reduces the expansion rate of the TBs, resulting in increased flow stress and fracture strain of the NWs. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the experimental study and preparation of core–shell NWs.

Stable and 7.7 wt% hydrogen storage capacity of Ti decorated Irida-Graphene from first-principles calculations

Solid-state hydrogen storage is crucial for the widespread applications of hydrogen energy. It is a grand challenge to find appropriate materials that provide high hydrogen density and ambient temperature stability. Herein, we investigated the potential of Ti-decorated Irida-Graphene, a promising effective hydrogen storage system, as a novel hydrogen storage material using first-principles calculation. Irida-Graphene is a two-dimensional isomer of carbon consisting of tri-, hexa-, and octagon rings of carbon. Ti atoms are tightly bounded to the hexagonal rings. Binding energy analysis reveals that a single Ti atom in the primitive unit-cell of Ti-decorated Irida-Graphene is capable to bind up with 5H2 molecules and the average adsorption energy was −0.41 eV/H2. It indicates the gravimetric density of 7.7 wt%. The stability is attributed to Kubas-type interactions and ensured by a 5.0 eV diffusion energy barrier that prevents the Ti–Ti clustering. Further, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations results illustrate that the system remains stable at 600 K, higher than the desorption temperature of 524 K, implying the stability of the system during hydrogen recharge and discharge. The exceptional hydrogen storage performance suggests that Ti-decorated Irida-Graphene is an outstanding candidate for hydrogen storage materials.

Cation Vacancy Clusters in Ti3C2Tx MXene Induce Ultra‐Strong Interaction with Noble Metal Clusters for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

AbstractMXenes are promising substrates for supported noble metal electrocatalysts. Yet, it is a significant challenge to modulate the metal–support interaction (MSI) for enhancing catalytic performance. Herein, employing a facile HF etching method, the cation vacancy structures in Ti3C2Tx MXenes are controllably tuned, producing nearly vacancy‐free (Ti3C2Tx‐V0), single Ti atom vacancy (Ti3C2Tx‐VS), or Ti vacancy cluster (Ti3C2Tx‐VC) engineered MXenes. Ruthenium atomic clusters, as a model catalyst, successfully anchor on all MXene substrates. Different from the terminal O/F coordination groups on routine Ti3C2Tx MXene surfaces, the Ti vacancy clusters in Ti3C2Tx‐VC create unique lattice carbon ligand environment toward Ru species, which induces ultra‐strong MSI. As a result, compared to Ti3C2Tx‐V0 and Ti3C2Tx‐VS, the Ti3C2Tx‐VC modulated Ru clusters (Ru@Ti3C2Tx‐VC) exhibit the optimized balance of H2O adsorption/dissociation and OH/H desorption, thereby delivering superior electrocatalytic performance in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Within the wide range from laboratory‐level (90 mA cm−2) to industrial‐level (1.5 A cm−2) current density, Ru@Ti3C2Tx‐VC outperforms commercial Pt/C in terms of overpotential and mass activity. Moreover, as a universal substrate for noble metal catalysts, Ti3C2Tx‐VC can also anchor Ir/Pt/Rh atomic clusters and enable excellent HER catalytic activity. This work expands the scope of the MSI between MXene and noble metal catalysts.

Metallization of ceramic coatings: Effect of cold gas spray parameters and roughness of the ceramic substrate on metallic layer properties

The deposition of a metallic layer on top of a plasma-sprayed (PS) ceramic coating, for further deposition of a PVD thin layer to enhance the tribological properties of the layer composite, is a challenging task. Since high adhesive strengths and limited phase transitions are required, cold spray (CS) is the most suitable process for metallization. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the influence of CS process parameters and the roughness of the ceramic substrate on the CS metallic layer properties. In this work, titanium (Ti) coatings (as metallic layers) were deposited by a high-pressure cold spray (HP-CS) process at different parameters on top of PS stabilized-zirconia coatings (7YSZ). The effects of the CS parameters on the hardness, adhesive/cohesion strengths, and thicknesses of ceramic and metallic layers were investigated. Additionally, single Ti splats were collected on polished ceramic substrates and their bonding, as well as their deformation and flattening behavior, were analyzed. Finally, the influence of ceramic substrate roughness on the thickness and roughness of the subsequent metallic layer was investigated. It was found that the deformation of Ti splats is responsible for the bonding with the ceramic substrate, with no deformation at the substrate side, and that the bonding area increases with the increased deformation degree of the particles. Increased propellant gas temperature and pressure of the CS process lead to increasing the bonding strength between ceramic and metallic layers, improving the hardness, and decreasing the porosity level of the metallic layer. Furthermore, it was found that the higher roughness of ceramic substrates leads to the production of thicker metallic layers, but has no effect on the roughness of the respective metallic layers.

Self-doped Ti–TiOx nanomultilayer films as low-emissivity absorber by one-step sputtering

Solar absorbers are the heart of sustainable photothermal utilization. To obtain higher photothermal conversion efficiency, nanomultilayer absorbers with low emissivity are undoubtedly the best choice. However, the strategy of co-sputtering with at least two targets is usually employed, which makes the preparation process complex and costly, so it is necessary to develop a one-step sputtering preparation through a target. Herein, we propose preparation of Ti–TiOx nanomultilayer solar selective absorption coatings (SSACs) with a single metal Ti target by one-step sputtering. The self-doped Ti nanoparticles as well as the Ti2+, Ti3+ and Ti4+ oxides in TiOx matrix can easily customize the band gap from ultraviolet to visible light, resulting in a high absorption of 0.92 and a low thermal emissivity of 0.07 (298.15K). The obtained Ti–TiOx SSACs exhibit excellent thermal stability after heat treatment at 250 °C for 300 h in air. More significantly, the measured surface temperature reached 114.5 °C under 1.5 suns simulated illumination, indicating its outstanding solar-thermal conversion ability. This work extends the application range of the titanium oxide, developing a simple method for designing low-emissivity solar absorbers.

Atomic Ti-Nx sites with switchable coordination number for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic water disinfection

Photocatalytic sterilization represents one of the promising strategies for efficient utilization of solar energy to remove hazardous materials, mainly based on the development of intrinsic materials with intact structures that actually cannot be absolutely remained under light irradiation but ignored in most cases. Herein, novel single titanium atoms anchored on g-C3N4 photocatalysts were facilely prepared by calcination of g-C3N4 with bis(cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonyl titanium. The introduction of single Ti atoms in g-C3N4 promoted photocatalytic efficiency by improving the separation efficiency of carriers with a broad visible-light-responsive range and reducing the energy barrier for the transfer of superoxide radicals to hydroxyl radicals. Especially, upon light-driven interaction with adsorbed O2, the photocatalyst coordination number could be remarkably regulated in situ from Ti–N6 to Ti–N4, which led to a more efficient generation of clean active substances in disinfectants (O2•− and •OH). As a result, the single Ti catalyst showed superior activity in the photocatalytic disinfection of bacteria and excellent recyclability. The inactivation of E. coli for the CN–Ti50 sample was 91.2% under irradiation for 30 min, which was 9.9 times that of pure g-C3N4. This in situ activation approach opens a new avenue for engineering efficient and energy-saving catalysts for water sterilization.

Distribution Pattern of Metal Atoms in Bimetal-Doped Pyridinic-N4 Pores Determines Their Potential for Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction.

Doping two single transition-metal (TM) atoms on a substrate host opens numerous possibilities for catalyst design. However, what if the substrate contains more than one vacancy site? Then, the combination of two TMs along with their distribution patterns becomes a design parameter potentially complementary to the substrate itself and the bimetal composition. In this study, we investigate ammonia synthesis under mild electrocatalytic conditions on a transition-metal-doped porous C24N24 catalyst using density functional theory (DFT). The TMs studied include Ti, Mn, and Cu in a 2:4 dopant ratio (Ti2Mn4@C24N24 and Ti2Cu4@C24N24). Our computations show that a single Ti atom in both catalysts exhibits the highest selectivity for N2 fixation at ambient conditions. This work is a good theoretical model to establish the structure-activity relationship, and the knowledge earned from the metal-N4 moieties may help studies of related nanomaterials, especially those with curved structures.

Structural evolution, electronic properties and spectra of titanium clusters

The ground-state structures, electronic properties and spectra of Ti n c ( n = 3–16 and c = 0, ±1) clusters have been investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) and CALYPSO structure prediction. Geometry optimizations show that the neutral, cationic and anionic titanium clusters have the same growth pattern. The pentagonal bipyramid plays an important role in the growth process. Analysis of electronic properties shows that the thermal stability of cationic and anionic clusters is greater than that of neutral cluster. The pentagonal bipyramid and icosahedron clusters have relatively high stability. Chemical activity of titanium clusters decreases with the cluster size. The preferred dissociation pathway of Ti n + clusters is the loss of a single Ti atom to form Ti n − 1 + . Optical absorption of Ti n clusters and infrared and Raman spectra of Ti n + clusters have been simulated and can be used for their structural identification. The ground states of Ti n − clusters have been determined by comparing experimental and theoretical photoelectron spectra. • The pentagonal bipyramid plays an important role in the growth process of titanium clusters • The titanium cluster with pentagonal bipyramid or icosahedron geometry is more table than other clusters. • The preferred dissociation pathway of Ti n + clusters is the loss of a single Ti atom to form Ti n − 1 + . • The ground state of anionic Ti n − clusters are identified by photoelectron spectra.s

Mesoporous single crystal titanium oxide microparticles for enhanced visible light photodegradation

We report a facile one-step fabrication method of mesoporous single crystal ellipsoidal TiO2 (e-TiO2) microparticles with oxygen vacancies. In this method, hydrogen peroxide was used for the oxidation of titanium plate, and ammonia fluoride was used for the microparticle morphology controlling and pore introducing. Characterizations and calculations have proved that our as-synthesized TiO2 microparticles were in anatase phase with meso pores, single crystal structure and Ti (III) component. UV–vis–NIR spectra have also indicated that the bandgap of the e-TiO2 was 2.4 eV, much lower than typical anatase materials (3.2 eV). Rhodamine B and Methylene blue were introduced as dyes for the photodegradation test of the e-TiO2 compared to commercial P25–TiO2. Our e-TiO2 had better adsorption of both dyes and very high efficiency for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible light illumination, whose kinetic constant is four times as much as P25–TiO2. Thus, the one-step synthesized e-TiO2 has high efficiency for visible light dye photodegradation.

Effect of coating architecture on stress and energy relief efficiency of TiZrN coating on Si substrate

This study aims to investigate the extent of stress relief achieved by employing different types of coating architectures, and evaluate the energy relief efficiency in the coating architectures by an energy-balance physical model. TiZrN, TiZrN/Ti, TiZrN/TiN and TiZrN/TiN/Ti coatings with various thickness of TiN were deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Laser curvature method and the average X-ray strain method combined with nanoindentation were used to measure the residual stress of the entire coating and individual layers, respectively. Experimental results showed that higher stress relief in TiZrN coating could be attained by introducing an interlayer with TiN/Ti architecture than by adding a single Ti interlayer. The tri-layer specimen with a 300-nm TiN layer showed the largest stress relief among all specimens, where the TiZrN coating had the lowest residual stress, -2.01 GPa. The energy-balance model postulated that the release of stored elastic energy in the top coating and in the Si substrate were both converted into the plastic work of the Ti interlayer. The model analysis indicated that the TiN transitional layer served as a channel that effectively transferred the stored elastic energy in TiZrN to the Ti interlayer, by which the distinct stress gradient at the original TiZrN/Ti interface could be reduced, thereby increasing the plastic deformation capacity of the underlying Ti interlayer, and therefore a larger fraction of the residual stress in TiZrN was relieved compared to the TiZrN/Ti bilayer coating. Adding a TiN transitional layer into the TiZrN/Ti coating system only slightly changed the overall energy relief efficiency, while it increased the energy relief fraction in the TiZrN coating. The stress relief in an architectured coating, including transitional layer and metal interlayer, should be evaluated based on the measurements of overall stress and the stress in the major hard coating. The energy balance model could be employed to differentiate the fraction of energy relief in hard coating and in Si substrate, by which the efficiency of stress relief, or energy relief, could be correctly revealed.

Ultra‐Low Threshold Titanium‐Doped Sapphire Whispering‐Gallery Laser

AbstractTitanium doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) is a laser gain material with broad gain bandwidth benefiting from the material stability of sapphire. These favorable characteristics of Ti:sapphire have given rise to femtosecond lasers and optical frequency combs. Shaping a single Ti:sapphire crystal into a millimeter sized high quality (Q) whispering gallery mode resonator (Q ≈ 108) reduces the lasing threshold to 14.2 mW and increases the laser slope efficiency to 34%. The observed lasing can be both multi‐mode and single‐mode. This is the first demonstration of a Ti:sapphire whispering‐gallery laser. Furthermore, a novel method of evaluating the gain in Ti:sapphire in the near infrared region is demonstrated by introducing a probe laser with a central wavelength of 795 nm. This method results in decreasing linewidth of the modes excited with the probe laser, consequently increasing their Q. These findings open avenues for the usage of whispering gallery mode resonators as cavities for the implementation of compact Ti:sapphire lasers. Moreover, Ti:sapphire whispering‐gallery laser can also be utilized as an amplifier inside its gain bandwidth by implementing a pump–probe configuration.

Layered TiCl2 Monolayer as an Antiferromagnetic Semiconductor

We report layered TiCl2 monolayer to be a robust antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor by investigating its geometry, stability, electronic and magnetic properties using first-principles calculation and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The TiCl2 monolayer exfoliated from layered TiCl2 bulk is verified to be an AFM semiconductor with a relatively wide band gap by spin-polarized density of states and energy band structure calculations. Phonon dispersion and elastic modulus calculations show that the TiCl2 monolayer is dynamically and mechanically stable, respectively. The Néel temperature is evaluated to be 368[Formula: see text]K by MC simulation based on Ising model. Additionally, the band gap, the magnetic moment of a single Ti atom and the Néel temperature can be significantly tuned by applied biaxial strain, but the AFM semiconducting behavior is robust against the applied strains, indicating that the TiCl2 monolayer is a potential candidate for high-speed AFM spintronic applications.

Achieving high strength and low elastic modulus in interstitial biomedical Ti–Nb–Zr–O alloys through compositional optimization

High strength and low elastic modulus are critical properties of biomedical titanium alloys for manufacturing of load-bearing orthopaedic implants. Single phase beta Ti alloys can achieve low elastic modulus, but their strength is usually not high enough. Conversely, commonly used strengthening by alpha phase precipitation causes a sharp increase of elastic modulus. This paper presents an approach for achieving both high strength and low elastic modulus by tailoring the alloy composition. High strength is achieved by controlled alloying with oxygen, which causes interstitial strengthening. Solid solution strengthening by Ta, which is often used in biomedical Ti alloys then becomes redundant. Low modulus is achieved due to premartensitic softening by tailoring the content of beta stabilizing elements – the stability of beta matrix is reduced due to the proximity to the martensitic transformation. Using this approach we obtained a compositionally optimized Ti–29Nb–7Zr-0.7O alloy, with yield stress exceeding 1000 MPa and elastic modulus of 65 GPa. High strength, low elastic modulus and good ductility are achieved by simple alloying without any additional special treatment. Ti–29Nb–7Zr-0.7O alloy appears promising for manufacturing of load bearing implants.