Single Stripe Research Articles

Institute for Advanced Training of Healthcare Specialists

Longitudinal erythronychia presents as a red stripe running along the nail plate, originating from the base of the nail and stretching to its tip. It can vary in appearance and is categorized into different types based on the number and pattern of red stripes: type Ia (single stripe), Ib (split single stripe), IIa (single stripe affecting multiple nails), and IIb (multiple stripes affecting multiple nails). Additional symptoms may include nail brittleness and separation from the nail bed (onycholysis). Erythronychia can stem from various underlying conditions, including tumors, and diagnosis often involves a nail biopsy, especially in older patients, to rule out cancer. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve surgical removal if the condition causes discomfort or severe nail damage. Longitudinal erythronychia is gaining attention among dermatologists and other medical professionals due to its significance in diagnosing nail plate disorders. The appearance of red stripes on the nails can indicate a range of issues, from tumors to systemic diseases and injuries. Recent years have seen an uptick in reported cases, underscoring the need for research into its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Despite increasing interest, many aspects of longitudinal erythronychia remain unclear. This review aims to examine existing clinical studies to better understand its defining features, risk factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The review will draw from contemporary literature to provide up-to-date insights into this phenomenon.

The origins and development of aesthetics.

All people (and some other animals) have aesthetic responses to sensory stimulation, responses of emotional pleasure or displeasure. These emotions vary from one person and culture to another, yet they share a common mechanism. To survive, an adaptive animal (as opposed to a tropic animal) needs to become comfortable with normality and to have slight abnormalities draw attention to themselves. Walking through a jungle you need to notice a tiger from a single stripe: if you must wait to see the whole animal, you are unlikely to survive. In Homo sapiens, the brain's adaptive neurochemistry does this naturally, partly because the brain's neuronal networks are structured to react efficiently to fractal structures, structures that shape much of nature. In addition, previous associations may turn a slight variation from normal into feelings of either pleasure or danger. The details of these responses-what is normal and what variations feel like-will depend upon an individual's experience, but the mechanism is the same, no matter whether a person is tasting a wine, seeing a face or landscape, or hearing a song. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience'.

Dynamic spin polarization in time domain for electron in single ferromagnetic-metal stripe device

One nanosized, horizontally-magnetized ferromagnetic-metal stripe, patterned on top of semiconductor heterostructure, is known as single ferromagnetic-metal stripe device. It is well established that, there is no spin polarization in this device, due to spin-independent transmission coefficient by an intrinsic symmetry. However, we demonstrate that the dwell time is closely related to electron spins owing to the interference between incidence and reflection waves. Therefore, electron spins can be separated in time domain, underlying dynamic spin polarization, that is, such a device can act as a temporal spin splitter.

Characterization and identification of sources of rust resistance in Triticum militinae derivatives

Triticum militinae (2n = 4X = 28, AtAtGG), belonging to the secondary gene pool of wheat, is known to carry resistance to many diseases. Though some disease resistance genes were reported from T. timopheevii, the closest wild relative of T. militinae, there are no reports from T. militinae. Twenty-one T. militinae Derivatives (TMD lines) developed at the Division of Genetics, IARI, New Delhi, were evaluated for leaf and stripe rusts at seedling and adult plant stages. Eight TMD lines (6–4, 6–5, 11–6, 12–4, 12–8, 12–12, 13–7 and 13–9) showed seedling resistance to both leaf and stripe rusts while six TMD lines (7–5, 7–6, 11–5, 13–1, 13–3 and 13–4) showed seedling resistance to leaf rust but adult plant resistance to stripe rust and three TMD lines (9–1, 9–2 and 15) showed seedling resistance to leaf rust but susceptibility to stripe rust. Three TMD lines (2–7, 2–8 and 6–1) with adult plant resistance to leaf and stripe rusts were found to carry the known gene Lr34/Yr18. Ten TMD lines (7–5, 7–6, 9–1, 9–2, 11–5, 11–6, 12–12, 12–4, 12–8, and 15) with seedling resistance to leaf rust, showing absence of known genes Lr18 and Lr50 with linked markers requires further confirmation by the test of allelism studies. As not a single stripe rust resistance gene has been reported from T. militinae or its close relative T. timpopheevii, all the 8 TMD lines (6–4, 6–5, 11–6,12–4, 12–8, 12–12, 13–7 and 13–9) identified of carrying seedling resistance to stripe rust and 3 TMD lines (13–1, 13–3 and 13–4) identified of carrying adult plant resistance to stripe rust are expected to carry unknown genes. Also, all the TMD lines were found to be cytologically stable and thus can be used in inheritance and mapping studies.

Aerial single target acuity of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) for stationary and moving targets of varying contrast

Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) need to detect single objects for example when orienting to landmarks or hunting prey. The detection of single objects, described by the single target acuity (STA), cannot be deduced from formerly determined grating acuity (GA) as different mechanisms underlie STA and GA. Thus, we assessed STA for stationary and moving single targets with varying contrast in two harbor seals in a first approach in air. In a two-alternative-forced-choice discrimination task, the seals had to indicate whether the single target was presented in a left or right stimulus field on a monitor. The STA for full-contrast stationary targets was determined as 0.27 deg of visual angle for both experimental animals. Contrary to our expectations, neither adding motion nor reducing contrast had a strong impact on STA. Additionally, we also determined GA in the two harbor seals (1.2 and 1.1 cycles/deg or 0.42 and 0.45 deg for a single stripe of the grating at threshold) to be slightly inferior to STA. Our results are in good correspondence with contrast sensitivity and allow calculating viewing distances in the context of for example visual orientation.

Phase transitions and droplet shapes above a wetting stripe

We consider fluid adsorption on a planar wall patterned by a single stripe of width L of a wet material imbedded within a partially wet surface. If L were infinite we suppose that the wall would exhibit a first-order wetting transition at temperature Tw, and an associated line of pre-wetting transitions extending off bulk-coexistence. For finite widths L, we a) determine the finite-size scaling shift of the wetting temperature Tw(L), b) derive an equation, analogous to the Kelvin equation for capillary condensation, for the shift of the pre-wetting line but involving boundary tensions and a boundary contact angle and c) highlight the scaling and conformally invariant properties of condensed liquid drops lying above the stripe at bulk coexistence. We point out analogies between these predictions and those for capillary condensation and criticality in a parallel plate geometry and test them against numerical results obtained from a microscopic non-local classical density functional theory.

Coris picta, a new record of the Comb wrasse (Perciformes: Labridae) from Korea

Based on a single specimen (100.3 mm SL) collected from the southern coastal waters of Jejudo Island, Coris picta is described as the first record from Korea. It is characterized by having a broad black stripe from tip of snout to posterior edge of caudal fin along lateral body in terminal phase, 12 soft rays in dorsal and anal fins, 82 lateral line scales, and a single mid-dorsal dark stripe on head. We propose new Korean names, “A-ssi-nol-re-gi-sog”, and “Bis-sal-a-ssi-nol-re-gi”, for the genus and the species named after dramatic change of body color with growth and having a comb-like stripe on lateral body, respectively.

Heteroatom dopant strategy triggered high-potential plateau to non-graphitized carbon with highly disordered microstructure for high-performance sodium ion storage

Non-graphitized carbon (NGC) has been extensively utilized as carbonaceous anode in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, more optimization to achieve competitive capacity and stability is still challenging for SIBs. In the study, the dopant strategy is utilized to construct nitrogen/sulfur-doped non-graphitized carbon (N-NGC or S-NGC) shell decorated on three-dimensional graphene foam (GF) as a self-support electrode. The highly disordered microstructures of heteroatom doped carbons are produced by applying a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment to precursors containing nitrogen and sulfur. The DFT calculations of Na-ion adsorption energies at diverse heteroatom sites show marginal-S, pyrrolic N and pyridinic N with more intensive Na-ion adsorption ability than middle-S, CO and pristine carbon. The N-NGC with dominant small graphitic regions delivers adsorption ability to Na-ion, while the S-NGC with significant single carbon lattice stripes demonstrates redox reaction with Na-ion. Evidently, in comparison with only adsorption-driven slope regions at high potential for N-NGC, the redox reaction-generated potential-plateau enables non-graphitized S-NGC superior discharge/charge capacity and cycle-stability in the slope region. This work could provide deep insight into the rational design of non-graphitized carbon with rich microstructure and composition.

Observation of parous rate, shedding of scales in the single white stripe on the scutum in <i>Aedes albopictus</i> females at a thicket in Kobe City

Observation of parous rate, shedding of scales in the single white stripe on the scutum in <i>Aedes albopictus</i> females at a thicket in Kobe City

Redescription of the Tadpoles of Gabohyla pauloalvini (Bokermann, 1973) and Sphaenorhynchus prasinus (Bokermann, 1973) (Hylidae: Sphaenorhynchini)

The Neotropical tribe Sphaenorhynchini includes 15 recognized species, 14 of which are allocated to the genus Sphaenorhynchus and 1 in the genus Gabohyla. Here, we redescribe the external larval morphology and include novel information on the lateral line system of G. pauloalvini and S. prasinus from the type localities. In addition, we include comments on the oviposition site and larval development of G. pauloalvini. The tadpoles of G. pauloalvini differentiate from all described larvae of Sphaenorhynchus by having a unique combination of stripes in the coloration: three lateral dark stripes (canthal, oblique, and ventrolateral) on the body and a single ventral dark stripe on the tail. The tadpoles of S. prasinus distinguish from those of G. pauloalvini and from all other larvae of Sphaenorhynchus by having a single, median, dark stripe on the tail musculature, among other characters. Tadpoles of G. pauloalvini and S. prasinus are nektonic and found swimming in the middle of the water column or in deeper regions of ponds. Adults of G. pauloalvini were observed sitting next to spawns, reinforcing the possibility of parental care in this species.

Kinetic Energy-Broadened Spatial Map Imaging for Recovering Dynamical Information.

The highly successful velocity map imaging (VMI) technique plays a central role in revealing light-matter interactions. Here we demonstrate the related but distinct kinetic energy-broadened spatial map imaging (KESMI) option for recovering KE and angular recoil information on photophysical processes using a VMI system operating in different out-of-focus modes. The characteristic single or double stripes and related steps in the vertical intensity profiles of KESMIs of photoelectrons (PEs) from Ar ionization allow breakthrough developments of a potent global model that enables an understanding and analysis of these patterns. These signatures reflect the relationship between the observed features and predicted convolved discrete KEs and angular distributions. The derivation of the velocity distribution of the PEs ensuing from the ionization of a single H2O quantum state based on the measured and simulated KESMI provides another rigorous test demonstrating and realizing the feasibility of this new approach, which holds future promise on its own or combined with VMI.

Active multi-mode interferometer semiconductor optical amplifier on quantum dots toward high saturated output power under high temperature

A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is wildly used as gain media in a photonic integrated circuit, as it is integrable with various devices, including wavelength filter, on the same wafer. Quantum dots (QD) have been known to realize high-temperature operation without using a thermo-cooler, the saturated output power was not high due to the limited density of state in QD. To realize high saturated output power under high temperatures, we have exploited the active multi-mode interferometer (active-MMI) configuration on QD SOA. We fabricated active-MMI SOA using a 1.31 μm InAs/GaAs QD active layer with the design of approximately 5 times larger footprint compared to a single stripe, whereas it holds regular single transverse mode output. As a result, a significant improvement of 15 dB saturated output power at 75 °C was substantiated successfully.

A Load-Aware Multistripe Concurrent Update Scheme in Erasure-Coded Storage System

Erasure coding has been widely deployed in today’s data centers for it can significantly reduce extra storage costs while providing high storage reliability. However, erasure coding introduced more network traffic and computational overhead in the data update process. How to improve the efficiency and mitigate the system imbalance during the update process in erasure coding is still a challenging problem. Recently, most of the existing update schemes of erasure codes only focused on the single stripe update scenario and ignored the heterogeneity of the node and network status which cannot sufficiently deal with the problems of low update efficiency and load imbalance caused by the multistripe concurrent update. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a Load-Aware Multistripe concurrent Update (LAMU) scheme in erasure-coded storage systems. Notably, LAMU introduces the Software-Defined Network (SDN) mechanism to measure the node loads and network status in real time. It selects nonduplicated nodes with better performance such as CPU utilization, remaining memory, and I/O load as the computing nodes for multiple update stripes. Then, a multiattribute decision-making method is used to schedule the network traffic generated in the update process. This mechanism can improve the transmission efficiency of update traffic and make LAMU adapt to the multistripe concurrent update scenarios in heterogeneous network environments. Finally, we designed a prototype system of multistripe concurrent updates. The extensive experimental results show that LAMU could improve the update efficiency and provide better system load-balancing performance.

Ultraslippery/hydrophilic patterned surfaces for efficient fog harvest

The rapid and controllable sliding of droplets on anisotropic slippery liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) has promising application prospects in the fields of energy, lab-on-a-chip, etc. In this work, the fabrication of hydrophilic patterned SLIPS on copper substrates that can achieve efficient droplet transport and fog harvest was reported. A single superhydrophilic stripe and array of superhydrophilic stripes were fabricated on SLIPS background, respectively. Contact angles, sliding angles and contact angle hysteresis of the surfaces were investigated and analyzed. Results showed that hydrophilic patterned SLIPS with superhydrophilic stripe array had remarkable anisotropy in contact angle hysteresis in the parallel and perpendicular directions due to the large energy barrier induced by liquid surface tension in the direction perpendicular to the stripes, which can be used to transport droplets rapidly and precisely. In addition, the fog harvest performance, as a typical example of droplet transport, was significantly improved on hydrophilic patterned SLIPS due to high nucleation density on the hydrophilic SLIPS, high condensate mobility, efficient condensate transferring from SLIPS to superhydrophilic stripes and liquid shedding along the stripes for departing.

Description of Tubulanus misakiensis sp. nov. (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from Sagami Bay, Japan.

The palaeonemertean genus Tubulanus Renier, 1804 currently harbors 35 species inhabiting the intertidal to the hadal zones. During a faunal survey in Sagami Bay, Japan, a single specimen of undescribed tubulanid having uniformly pale-colored body with a single dark-colored stripe on the dorsal surface was collected by dredging at depths of 116-211 m. Based on the body coloration and some anatomical features, it can be differentiated from the 35 congeners and is thus described herein as Tubulanus misakiensis sp. nov. In a molecular phylogenetic tree constructed with sequences available in public databases representing five markers (16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI], 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA [not obtained for T. misakiensis], and histone H3), T. misakiensis was sister to Tubulanus izuensis Hookabe, Asai, Nakano, Kimura and Kajihara, 2020 and nested within a clade along with seven unidentified specimens from the abyssal and hadal zones (3428-9577 m); T. misakiensis and T. izuensis differed by 11.7% uncorrected p-distance in terms of 657-bp COI sequences.

Kink–antikink stripe interactions in the two-dimensional sine–Gordon equation

The main focus of the present work is to study quasi-one-dimensional kink–antikink stripes embedded in the two-dimensional sine–Gordon equation. Using variational techniques, we reduce the interaction dynamics between a kink and an antikink stripe on their respective time and space dependent widths and locations. The resulting reduced system of coupled equations is found to accurately describe the width and undulation dynamics of a single kink stripe as well as that of two interacting ones. As an aside, we also discuss two related topics: the computational identification of the kink center and its numerical implications and alternative perturbative and multiple scales approaches to the transverse direction induced dynamics for a single kink stripe in the two-dimensional realm.

A Model of Spatial Cell Development in Rat Hippocampus Based on Artificial Neural Network.

Physiological studies have shown that the hippocampal structure of rats develops at different stages, in which the place cells continue to develop during the whole juvenile period of rats and mature after the juvenile period. As the main information source of place cells, grid cells should mature earlier than place cells. In order to make better use of the biological information exhibited by the rat brain hippocampus in the environment, we propose a position cognition model based on the spatial cell development mechanism of rat hippocampus. The model uses a recurrent neural network with parametric bias (RNNPB) to simulate changes in the discharge characteristics during the development of a single stripe cell. The oscillatory interference mechanism is able to fuse the developing stripe waves, thus indirectly simulating the developmental process of the grid cells. The output of the grid cells is then used as the information input of the place cells, whose development process is simulated by BP neural network. After the place cells matured, the position matrix generated by the place cell group was used to realize the position cognition of rats in a given spatial region. The experimental results show that this model can simulate the development process of grid cells and place cells, and it can realize high precision positioning in the given space area. Moreover, the experimental effect of cognitive map construction using this model is basically consistent with the effect of RatSLAM, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the model.

Review of the Lepadichthys lineatus complex (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with descriptions of three new species.

The Lepadichthys lineatus complex (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) is defined by three unique characters within Lepadichthys: (a) upper-jaw lip fused with snout skin, usually lacking a distinct groove between the dorsal lip margin and snout (if present, very weak, restricted to posterior portion of jaw); (b) snout tip well extended, distinctly beyond lower-jaw tip; and (c) inner surface of both lips with oral papillae. A taxonomic review of the complex recognized four valid species: Lepadichthys geminus sp. nov. (southern Japan and Indonesia), Lepadichthys heemstraorum sp. nov. (southwestern Indian Ocean), Lepadichthys polyastrous sp. nov. (southwestern Indian Ocean) and L. lineatus Briggs, 1966 (Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Seychelles and Sri Lanka). L. geminus and L. lineatus are distinct from L. heemstraorum and L. polyastrous in having a circular (vs. elliptical) disc and more posteriorly located anus [L. geminus and L. lineatus with disc length and width 15.0-18.7 (mean 16.9) and 12.9-16.5 (14.6) % LS , respectively, and length to width ratio 1.03-1.25 cf. L. heemstraorum and L. polyastrous, 17.0-21.5 (18.9) and 11.6-15.2 (13.0) % LS , respectively, and 1.26-1.61; pre-anus length and disc to anus length 65.1-73.6 (68.7) and 25.7-31.6 (28.6) % LS , respectively vs. 60.2-68.3 (65.3) and 21.6-28.9 (25.5) % LS , respectively]. Body depth (as % of LS ) is also useful to distinguish L. geminus and L. polyastrous from L. heemstraorum and L. lineatus [viz., 12.7-16.1 (14.4) in L. geminus and 10.8-14.9 (13.1) in L. polyastrous vs. 15.0-17.1 (15.9) in L. heemstraorum and 14.6-18.9 (16.8) in L. lineatus]. L. geminus differs distinctly from other species in the complex as follows: snout tip directed upward, usually on same horizontal level with lower margin of eye lens (lateral view) (vs. directed somewhat downward, horizontal level usually between lower margins of eye and eye lens in L. heemstraorum and L. lineatus, lower margin of eye in L. polyastrous); and lower abdomen with two yellow stripes (vs. a single stripe along ventral midline in L. polyastrous and L. lineatus, unknown in L. heemstraorum). L. polyastrous has unique patterns of yellow dots on the dorsal and ventral body surfaces, forming c. six to eight and three to five longitudinal rows, respectively [vs. usually forming c. three to five longitudinal rows and a single broken line, respectively, in L. geminus and L. lineatus; yellow dots usually absent in L. heemstraorum]. A poorly known species, Lepadichthys caritus Briggs, 1969, is regarded as a junior synonym of L. lineatus.

Modelling the influence of process parameters on precipitate formation in powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing of IN718

In this work, we have developed a two-scale (finite element + phase field) model for simulating the precipitate evolution in IN718 in powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing. The thermal simulations at the scale of the component are resolved at the level of a single stripe of the scan path. This resolution allows to model various process parameters (or scan strategies) in complex geometry domains, here demonstrated by an impeller, and predicts the complete thermal history within each finite element layer. The predicted thermal history is in-full passed to multiple phase-field simulation representative volume elements (RVEs) that explicitly model the evolution of the γ′ and γ″ precipitates in various locations of the impeller. We simulate the precipitate microstructures in different regions of the impeller and demonstrate the influence of process parameters on the volume fraction, size, and shape of the precipitates. Although no precipitates are found to form during the standard printing conditions (for instance EOS M290), we show that changing the process parameters such as stripe width or chamber temperature may induce significant precipitation in the as-built component.

Automated Recognition of Weld Pool Characteristics from Active Vision Sensing

While penetration occurs underneath the workpiece, the raw information used to detect it during welding must be measurable to a sensor attached to the torch. Challenges are apparent because it is difficult to find such measurable raw information that fundamentally correlates with the phenomena occurring underneath. Additional challenges arise because the welding process is extremely complex such that analytically correlating any raw information to the underneath phenomena is practically impossible; therefore, handcrafted methods to propose features from raw information are human dependent and labor extensive. In this paper, the profile of the weld pool surface was proposed as the raw information. An innovative method was proposed to acquire it by projecting a single laser stripe on the weld pool surface transversely and intercepting its reflection from the mirror-like weld pool surface. To minimize human intervention, which can affect success, a deep-learning-based method was proposed to automatically recognize features from the single-stripe active vision images by fitting a convolutional neural network (CNN). To train the CNN, spot gas tungsten arc welding experiments were designed and conducted to collect the active vision images in pairs with their actual penetration states measured by a camera that views the backside surface of the workpiece. The CNN architecture was optimized by trying different hyperparameters, including kernel number, kernel size, and node number. The accuracy of the optimized model is about 98% and the cycle time in the personal computer is ~ 0.1 s, which fully meets the required engineering application.