Single Route Research Articles

A contribution to mitigate NOx and H2O emissions for a hydrogen-powered hypersonic vehicle

AbstractHypersonic transport fueled with liquid hydrogen (LH2-HST) is currently considered as long-term future technology of civil aviation to fly with speeds greater than Mach 5 at stratospheric altitudes of 25–38 km. In this paper, we present a comprehensive methodology to assess the emission mitigation potential (via NOx and H2O) of future LH2-HST through operational measures, considering realistic constraints such as the sonic boom carpet as well as tolerable g-forces acting on the passengers while flying with hypersonic speeds. Both NOx- and H2O-optimal 4D-trajectories are identified by a brute-force algorithm that varies the initial cruise altitude from 30 to 36 km. As case study, the Mach 8 passenger aircraft STRATOFLY-MR3, which was conceptually developed in the framework of the H2020 STRATOFLY project, is operated on a single route from Brussels (BRU) to Sydney (MYA). The findings are highlighted as relative changes regarding MR3's design flight altitude set at 32 km, respectively, 105 000 ft. As scientific contribution, 3D emission inventories are calculated and made publicly available for a world fleet of MR3 aircraft operated along the BRU-MYA route on both NOx- and H2O-optimal mission profiles in the year 2075.

Compatibility of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) with nanoformulations of natural active substances.

Nanoformulations of essential oils (EOs) improve stability of the active ingredient, and thereby its biological activity and persistence. Because compatibility of EOs with natural enemies is not explored sufficiently, we evaluated the impact of nanoformulations of EOs (aniseed, lemon) or pure products (farnesol) on different activities of the generalist predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In dual choice bioassay, chrysopid larvae were significantly attracted to aniseed-treated pepper disks and deterred by farnesol. Larval activities (resting, walking, and preying) on treated leaves infested with Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were compared. There were no differences among nanoemulsions, nor aphid consumption varied. We studied the toxicity of nanoformulations to larvae and evaluated their development after contact with treated leaf disks, ingestion of treated artificial diet, and both routes of exposure (application of biopesticides on aphid-infested plants). This is the first evidence of the compatibility of EO nanoformulations with C. carnea by single route of exposure. Whether any effect appeared, it was sublethal. Compounds significantly reduced aphid consumption after 6 h on double route exposure, but this negative short-term effect disappeared as time progressed. Our results showed the optimal biopesticide to apply depends on which biological feature of the natural enemy we targeted. The key element to introduce these nanoemulsions is to match their persistence period on the crop with the release of the appropriate biological stage of C. carnea. This reinforces the fact that the main activities of C. carnea can be substantially maintained in joint application with nanoemulsions of EOs.

A hybrid GRASP and tabu-search heuristic and an exact method for a variant of the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem

In this paper, we address a classical MCVRP variant characterized by a single vehicle type that has one exclusive compartment for each product type, fixed compartment sizes, limited total route time, and the fulfillment of all customer demands by a single vehicle on a single route. For this variant, we present a Tabu-Search-based metaheuristic hybridized with a GRASP method applied in the construction phase. We also present an exact algorithm for the problem. The proposed exact algorithm is a branch-and-cut-and-price coded within the VRPSolver framework. We apply our approaches to 237 benchmark literature instances. The results show that our heuristic approach presents a smaller average gap than all literature heuristics. Besides the exact approach outperforms the literature on exact methods and presents several optimal solutions for the first time.

Hybrid Models in Natural Engineering Structure of the City

The article discusses the first hybrid urban planning model including different functional zones on the right bank of the Moskva River. Hybridization of indicators includes renovation of the Crimean embankment and Gorky Park into a single pedestrian zone. Integration of public, business and recreational spaces with park areas are integrated in a single route along the embankment between Gorky Park, Neskuchny Sad landscape park with the Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve. The other part of the hybrid model is formed from the Crimean embankment with Muzeon Park to the public and business space of the Red October, and in 2021, to the famous GES-2 after reconstruction. The total length of the route is currently about 10 km for walking and cycling with excellent views of water and natural areas. The article examines the properties of the first hybrid model, their impact on the sociocultural scenario of space as well as economic, aesthetic and environmental development of the central part of Moscow. However, not all properties of the new model are actively manifested and some have negative indicators, that reduces the integrated development of both the model and the objects in its structure. At the same time, at the present stage of urban development, special attention is paid to the management of urbanization and climate through technological solutions with the replacement of a sustainable natural component in the city. Design solutions of such sustainable projects can be successfully used in different climatic zones. In this context, the author raises the issue of preserving natural areas in the city and analyzes international experience in "hybridity" of properties in models. The proposed approach to climate changes and the sustainability of newly created hybrid models emphasizes objects in which green and blue technologies (for replenishing nature and using rainwater) develop and support both the object formation in the structure of hybrid models and stabilize the new natural engineering structure of the city

Two Dimensional Structured Electrode of Nickel Oxide for Enhanced Capacitive Behaviour

Two-dimensional (2D) nickel oxide (NiO) was synthesized using carbon as templates in a single step hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of a single phase NiO. Crystallite size and strain in the as synthesized material were calculated using the Williamson-Hall method and Size-Strain plot. UV-Vis spectroscopy investigations provided insight into the absorption region and optical band gap of NiO, including refractive index analysis. The optical absorption indicated that the material absorbs in both UV and part of visible region, with a reduced band gap of 1.9 eV. Microstructural analysis of NiO was carried out by using high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) which confirmed the presence of nanosheets. The selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAEDP) of the corresponding area revealed the polycrystalline nature of the as synthesized NiO, with fine crystallites oriented along (111) and (220) planes. Morphological analysis was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), revealing the presence of 2D nano-sheets. Elemental compositional analysis was carried by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) as an attachment of FESEM and TEM, which showed the presence of nickel and oxygen only. Nyquist plot and cyclic voltammetry depicts the capacitive behaviour, suggesting the material’s suitability for capacitor/supercapacitor applications.

Engineering of Soft Urea Synthesized Ni3n Nanomaterials for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Most active electrocatalysts include platinum-group metals (PGMs) and their alloys for electrochemical water splitting, but they are strongly limited by material cost and scarcity. [1] On the other hand, transition metal nitrides overcome this bottleneck and show high electrical conductivity, making them catalytically active for water electrolysis. The high conductivity is based on the incorporation of nitrogen atoms into the unit cell of metal, leading to their d-band contraction with electron density enhancement below Fermi level. [2] For instance, metallic nickel nitride (Ni3N) has been widely reported as a promising electrocatalyst material to accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by in-situ forming a nickel (oxy)hydroxide [Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH] layer. [3] The Ni3N materials can be prepared by single step soft-urea route to obtain pure crystal phase [4] or a composite with carbon [5], which rises the following two research questions: 1. What are the optimal synthesis parameters of the soft-urea route to control the structure of Ni3N? 2. What is the relationship between structure and OER activity for Ni3N materials?In this work, we used the soft-urea route to prepare Ni3N materials by varying the ratios of NiCl2, urea and ethanol as precursor chemicals. The precursors were made into a gel by magnetic stirring having metal:urea ratio of 1:5, and then heated up to 400 ºC in a tubular furnace with constant flow of argon. The as-prepared Ni3N were then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis (CHN), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).Based on the quantitative Rietveld refinement, the formation of pristine Ni3N materials is strongly controlled by the annealing temperature. In addition to the Ni3N phase, we observed the formation of the fcc Ni phase (0 – 10 wt.%) as a minor phase. The TEM images show individual particles of below 100 nm in size. Rotating disc electrode (RDE) technique was employed to establish the electrochemical OER activity of Ni3N materials by sweeping the potential from 1.3 to 1.8 VRHE at 10 mV s-1 in Ar-saturated 0.1 M KOH. Polycrystalline Ni and Ni particles are taken as reference materials. We observed an improvement of the OER activity as the overpotential at 10 mA cm-2 (normalized by the geometric surface area) reduced from 379 mV (poly-Ni) to 358 mV (Ni3N). Furthermore, in-situ XAS studies were performed to better understand the nature of the redox reactions between Ni species and the in-situ formation of nickel (oxy)hydroxide [Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH] layers before and during the OER as a function of the applied potential. Based on the in-situ XANES data, we correlated the structure of Ni3N/fcc-Ni/carbon composite with observed OER activity under alkaline conditions.To summarize, we were able to prepare a composite of Ni3N/fcc-Ni/carbon material with improved OER activity via soft-urea route. The in-situ formation of the layered nickel (oxy)hydroxide [Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH] layers as the catalytically active OER species were probed by in-situ XANES data.

Cell Formation Problem with Alternative Routes and Machine Reliability: Review, Analysis, and Future Developments

The Cell Formation Problem (CFP) is a widely studied issue that aims to group machines effectively based on criteria such as productivity, lower costs, and greater efficiency. In recent years, more characteristics were summarized relating to this problem. This paper provides a bibliographic examination of methodologies addressing the CFP in cellular manufacturing, focusing on novel approaches such as alternative routes and machine reliability. The articles were obtained from Scopus and Web of Science and filtered using the PRISMA methodology. Classification based on objective functions, constraints, and methodologies facilitated informative visualizations for analysis. Findings indicate a focus on capital utilization optimization, with cost reduction via intercellular moves minimization as the primary objective. Common constraints include limits on the number of machines per cell, restricting machines to a single cell and singular production routes per part. The genetic algorithm predominates as a non-exact solution approach, while the “ε-constraint” method is commonly used. This study offers insights into contemporary trends in solving the CFP with alternative routings and machine reliability, aiding researchers and professionals in the field to improve the quality of their investigations.

Sleuthing the performance of the sustainable mixed metal trichalogenide BaS:Sn2S3:LaS from single source route as an electrode material for charge storage

A novel ternary transition and lanthanide metal composite sulfide (Ba, Sn, and La) has been developed using a single-source precursor method with diethyldithiocarbamate ligand. The resulting BaS:Sn2S3:LaS chalcogenide exhibits a finely tuned band gap of 3.88 eV, reflecting its superior optical performance. This eco-friendly sulfide features an average crystalline size of 17.93 nm and displays a mix of phases. Vibrational analysis reveals distinct transmission peaks corresponding to metal-sulfur bonds. Morphologically, BaS:Sn2S3:LaS composite is characterized by irregularly shaped particles forming a randomly agglomerated mass. The electrochemical charge storage properties of the semiconducting trichalcogenide BaS:Sn2S3:LaS have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and impedance spectroscopy. BaS:Sn2S3:LaS electrode demonstrated impressive performance, storing electrical charge efficiently with a specific capacity of 659.6 F g⁻1 and achieving a power density of up to 3661.65 W kg⁻1. Additionally, the electrode exhibited low resistance, with an equivalent series resistance (Rs) of just 0.43 Ω, indicating efficient ion diffusion across the interface. Given its excellent redox activity and low resistance, BaS:Sn2S3:LaS shows strong potential as an electrode material for supercapacitors and batteries.

A new model for multi-port berth allocation problem based on an improved genetic algorithm

Port integration can enhance operational efficiency and service level in response to heightened competition among container ports. Nevertheless, container ports are still considered independent systems separately in formulating scheduling plans. This research explores a new multi-port berth allocation problem (MPBAP) with continuous berth layout considering the mutual influence between ports. The MPBAP is compared with the single port berth allocation, and effects of different numbers of vessels continuously berthing at all ports on a single route on the MPBAP are discussed through vessel operation rate. The problem is formulated by a mixed integer programming model by minimising the total port stay time of all vessels. The quay is highly discretised and a GA coupled with parallel computing is applied to accelerate the search for the optimal model solution. A case study is conducted on two adjacent container ports located along the Yangtze River. Results show that multi-port coordinated scheduling is efficiency and the total port stay time of all vessels reduces by an average of 2.63% under the MPBAP. With more than four vessels berthing continuously at two ports on a single route, the MPBAP shows a higher vessel operation rate and the rate gap between the two models exceeds 2%. The approach suggested in this study can enhance the port system’s efficiency and provide a new idea for coordinated scheduling in other port groups.

Deciphering the energy storage and electro‐catalytic potential of the BaLa2MnS5 ternary metallic sulfide prepared via single source precursor route

AbstractThe present work elucidates the first report on the synthesis and energy applications of the novel BaLa2MnS5 prepared from single source precursor route. This metal chalcogenide expressed a tuned band gap of 3.84 eV and an average crystallite size of 20.52 nm. Functional groups explored for BaLa2MnS5 expressed strong signals for presence of the metal sulfide bonds. The thermal decomposition pattern of BaLa2MnS5 followed a two‐phased mechanism. Synthesized metal sulfide possessed an irregular morphology with particles arranged in random manner. An assessment of the chalcogenide BaLa2MnS5 for energy applications has been carried out. When employed as an electrode material in 1 M KOH, which acted as the background electrolyte, BaLa2MnS5 chalcogenide showed a specific capacitance of 597 F g−1. Furthermore, this BaLa2MnS5 chalcogenide decorated electrode has a low resistance, as shown by the Rs of 1.35 Ω, and a specific power density of 7366 W kg−1, according to the impedance investigations. The electrochemical results for the OER activity are indicative of the OER overpotential and Tafel slope values as 388 mV and 108 mV/dec. This electrode achieved the HER overpotential value of 241 mV while the obtained Tafel slope was 194 mV/dec.

Salt-resistant hierarchically porous wood sponge coated with graphene flake/polyaniline nanocomposite for interfacial solar steam production and wastewater treatment

This research presents an innovative approach for developing a flexible wood sponge (WS) with a hierarchically porous structure. This unique structure is achieved through a sequential process involving balsa wood delignification, freeze-drying, and subsequent coating with graphene flake (GF)/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite. The resulting GF/PANI nanocomposite significantly reduces electron transfer resistivity, thereby enhancing heat generation for water evaporation. This results in self-cleaning photoabsorber, benefiting from GF’s salt-rejecting properties, PANI’s ionic network, and the WS’s porous structure. The photoabsorber demonstrates improved mechanical strength, reduced thermal conductivity, and a single water route design atop a drilled insulator foam, effectively minimizing heat loss during solar desalination. Under 1 sun (1 sun = 1 kW m−2) illumination, the photoabsorber achieves an impressive evaporation flux of 1.49 kg m−2h−1 and a high solar to thermal efficiency of 95.51 %. Importantly, continuous 10-cycle testing under 1 sun illumination reveals no salt deposition on the surface. Furthermore, the photoabsorber demonstrates promising applications in wastewater treatment, effectively purifying dye-contaminated seawater and desalinating both acidic and alkaline seawater. The investigation into the GF/PANI nanocomposite’s effect on steam generation, conducted through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, reveals enhanced interfacial charge transfer, surpassing both PANI and GF due to reduced electrochemical resistance. Evaluation of desalinated seawater and purified wastewater demonstrates a significant decrease in major cation concentrations, meeting WHO and EPA drinking water standards. These findings underscore the potential of the GF/PANI nanocomposite in superior steam generation applications.

Delay Prediction of Aircraft Using Machine Learning Classifiers

Accurate flight delay prediction is fundamental to establish the more efficient airline business. Recent studies have been focused on applying machine learning methods to predict the flight delay. Most of the previous prediction methods are conducted in a single route or airport. This paper explores a broader scope of factors which may potentially influence the flight delay, and compares several machine learning-based models in designed generalized flight delay prediction tasks. To build a dataset for the proposed scheme, automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) messages are received, pre-processed, and integrated with other information such as weather condition, flight schedule, and airport information. The designed prediction tasks contain different classification tasks and a regression task. Experimental results show that long short-term memory (LSTM) is capable of handling the obtained aviation sequence data, but over fitting problem occurs in our limited dataset. Compared with the previous schemes, the proposed random forest-based model can obtain higher prediction accuracy (90.2% for the binary classification) and can overcome the over fitting problem.

The Role of Intramolecular Reactions and Chemical Degradation in the Apparent Biotransformation Pathways of a Series of SYK Inhibitors.

In vitro metabolism studies of the spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors AZ-A and AZ-B identified four unusual metabolites. M1 (mass-to-charge ratio 411) was formed by both molecules and was common to several analogs (AZ-C to AZ-H) sharing the same core structure, appearing to derive from the complete loss of a pendent 3,4-diaminotetrahydropyran ring and pyrazole ring cleavage resulting in a nonobvious metabolite. M2-M4 were formed by AZ-A and a subset of the other compounds only and apparently resulted from a sequential loss of H2 from parent. Initial attempts to isolate M3 for identification were unsuccessful due to sample degradation, and it was subsequently found that M2 and M3 underwent sequential chemical degradation steps to M4. M4 was successfully isolated and shown by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to be a tricyclic species incorporating the pyrazole and the 3,4-diaminotetrahydropyran groups. We propose that this arises from an intramolecular reaction between the primary amine on the tetrahydropyran and a putative epoxide intermediate on the adjacent pyrazole ring, evidence for which was generated in a β-mercaptoethanol-trapping experiment. The loss of the tetrahydropyran moiety observed in M1 was found to be enhanced in an analog that was unable to undergo the intramolecular reaction step, leading us to propose two possible reaction pathways originating from the reactive intermediate. Ultimately, we conclude that the apparently complex and unusual metabolism of this series of compounds likely resulted from a single metabolic activation step forming an epoxide intermediate, which subsequently underwent intramolecular rearrangement and/or chemical degradation to form the final observed products. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The current work provides an unusual biotransformation example showing the potential for intramolecular reactions and chemical degradation to give the appearance of complex metabolism arising from a single primary route of metabolism.

Secondary recurrent syphilis in a patient with HIV infection. Clinical case

Relevance. HIV infection is a chronic sexually transmitted infectious disease. Given the single route of transmission, quite often HIV-infected patients develop a syphilitic infection. At the same time, syphilis against the background of HIV infection has its own clinical characteristics. It is important for doctors of various specialties to know these features.Description of the case. A clinical case of secondary syphilis and early neurosyphilis in a 52-year-old patient with HIV infection is presented.Discussion. Patients with HIV infection are characterized by unusual clinical manifestations of syphilis in the form of its malignity, atypical, severe course with the development of various complications. In the article, the authors describe atypical manifestations of papular syphilide of the palms and soles. The effectiveness of specific treatment has been shown.Conclusions. Doctors’ knowledge of the clinical features of syphilis against the background of HIV infection will allow them to avoid diagnostic errors leading to late treatment and the development of complications.

Preparation, characterization of green synthesis FeO nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity towards Basic Fuschin dye

In the current study, a green and facile route for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) was adopted. The FeO-NPs were fabricated via a single step green route using aqueous leaf extract of Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) as capping/reducing and stabilizing agents.The active phytochemicals present in the A. marmelos extract was reduced and stabilized the metal ions to FeO-NPs. This product was analyzed by FTIR spectral studies. Magnetic FeO-NPs surface morphology and particles sizes were determined by HRTEM to reveals spherical shapes with average diameter 18.78 nm. The instrumentally confirmed FeO-NPs were determining the antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic strains of the bacteria Streptococcus Sp and the fungus Candida Sp. The results of the microbial investigation show that when the concentration of synthesized FeO-NPs increase with the increases the activity. The antioxidant properties of synthesized FeO-NPs were evaluated by the DPPH assay. The FeO-NPs displayed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity property against breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells, and the value of IC50 was found to be 304 μg/mL. The obtained FeO-NPs were used as photocatalyst in the degradation/reduction of environmentally polluted organic wastewater dyes. After 20 min of solar light irradiation shows 97 % of degradation efficiency was achieved with 1 mL of FeO-NPs. It is observed all the results, the green synthesized FeO-NPs could be effectively materials and used in several fields like industrial, agricultural, medical, food safety, and dye waste applications.

Omsk Dostoevsky: Memorable Places, Problems of Restoration and Museumification

Omsk is the city where F. M. Dostoevsky served a penal sentence in 1850–1854 and where the “rebirth of his beliefs” occurred. In the first part of the article, Dostoevsky’s memorable sites in Omsk are revealed based on the impressions of the writer himself, as reflected in “Notes from the Dead House” and “Siberian Notebook,” memoir, epistolary, local history and archival sources (Article lists of prisoners of the Omsk prison (ostrog) and maps and plans of the Omsk fortress, stored in the Russian State Military Historical Archive, metric books of Omsk, stored in the Historical archive of the Omsk region). Through the Tara fortress gate, prisoners arrived at the Omsk prison (ostrog); and through the Tobolsk fortress gate, they went to menial jobs. The house of the engineer general have been preserved, who was in charge of prison work (it also housed the engineering office, where Dostoevsky worked as a scribe), as were the complex of the military hospital, where prisoners were treated and had the opportunity to read and write, and where the “Siberian Notebook” was created, the fortress of the Resurrection Military Cathedral, where they were taken for church services and whose rectors nursed the prisoners, and the house of Platz-Major V. G. Krivtsov and the house of the commandant of the Omsk fortress A. F. de Grave. The second part of the article, arranged as a tour of Dostoevsky’s sites in Omsk, describes the history and current state of all identified objects in the same order from the point of view of the restorer and architect. Some loci have disappeared irrevocably; some have been restored for the anniversary of the writer; some of them do not have the status of a monument of history and culture. The task of professional restoration, conservation and museumification of all the memorable sites in Omsk has been set to create a single memorial route “Dostoevsky’s Omsk.”

Enhanced Visible-Light H2O2 Production over Pt/g-C3N4 Schottky Junction Photocatalyst.

Photocatalytic for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production is thought as a promising technology owing to its clean and green properties with the cheap and easily available raw materials of H2O and O2. Herein, Pt/g-C3N4 Schottky junction photocatalysts with ultralow Pt contents (0.025-0.1 wt %) were successfully fabricated by an impregnation-reduction method. It can efficiently reduce O2 to generate H2O2 without a sacrificial agent under visible-light irradiation. The yield of H2O2 produced over Pt0.05/g-C3N4 with the optimal 0.05 wt % Pt reached 31.82 μM, which was 2.46 times that of g-C3N4 and higher than most of those in the literature. It also showed good stability in three repeated tests. The deposition of highly dispersed metal Pt nanoparticles with low and limited content can expose enough active Pt atoms, significantly enhance the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers, and reduce its negative effect on H2O2 decomposition, resulting in improved and outstanding efficiency of H2O2 production. The ·O2- radicals were found to be the main active species. The mechanism of photocatalytic H2O2 production was confirmed to be a two-step single electron route (O2 + e-→ ·O2- → H2O2).

Research progress on early postoperative pain management strategies after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

To summarize the early postoperative pain management strategies for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to select a reasonable and effective pain management plan to promote functional rehabilitation after ACLR. The literature about the early postoperative pain management strategies of ACLR both domestically and internationally in recent years was extensiverly reviewed, and the effects of improving postoperative pain were reviewed. Currently, physical therapy and oral medication have advantages such as economy and simplicity, but the effect of improving postoperative pain is not satisfactory, often requires a combination of intravenous injection or intravenous pump, which is also a common way to relieve pain. However, in order to meet the analgesic needs of patients, the amount of analgesic drugs used is often large, which increases the incidence of various adverse reactions. Local infiltration analgesia (LIA), including periarticular or intra-articular injection of drugs, can significantly improve the early postoperative pain of ACLR, and achieve similar postoperative effectiveness as nerve block. LIA can be used as an analgesic technique instead of nerve block, and avoid the corresponding weakness of innervated muscles caused by nerve block, which increases the risk of postoperative falls. Many studies have confirmed that LIA can alleviate postoperative early pain in ACLR, especially the analgesic effects of periarticular injection are more satisfactory. It can also avoid the risk of cartilage damage caused by intra-articular injection. However, the postoperative analgesic effect and timeliness still need to be improved. It is possible to consider combining multimodal mixed drug LIA (combined with intra-articular and periarticular) with other pain intervention methods to exert a synergistic effect, in order to avoid the side effects and risks brought by single drugs or single administration route. LIA is expected to become one of the most common methods for relieving postoperative early pain in ACLR. Early pain after arthroscopic ACLR still affects the further functional activities of patients, and all kinds of analgesic methods can achieve certain effectiveness, but there is no unified standard at present, and the advantages and disadvantages of various analgesic methods need further research.

Infection prevention and control measures to reduce the transmission of mpox: A systematic review.

To make inferences regarding the effectiveness of respiratory interventions and case isolation measures in reducing or preventing the transmission of mpox based on synthesis of available literature. The WHO Clinical Management and Infection Prevention and Control 2022 guideline and droplet precautions in healthcare facilities and home isolation infection prevention control measures for patients with mpox. We conducted a systematic review that included a broad search of five electronic databases. In a two-stage process, we initially sought only randomized controlled trials and observational comparative studies; when the search failed to yield eligible studies, the subsequent search included all study designs including clinical and environmental sampling studies. No studies were identified that directly addressed airborne and droplet precautions and home isolation infection prevention control measures. To inform the review questions the review team synthesized route of transmission data in mpox. There were 2366/4309 (54.9%) cases in which investigators identified mpox infection occurring following transmission through direct physical sexual contact. There were no reported mpox cases in which investigators identified inhalation as a single route of transmission. There were 2/4309 cases in which investigators identified fomite as a single route of transmission. Clinical and environmental sampling studies isolated mpox virus in a minority of saliva, oropharangeal swabs, mpox skin lesions, and hospital room air. Current findings provide compelling evidence that transmission of mpox occurs through direct physical contact. Because investigators have not reported any cases of transmission via inhalation alone, the impact of airborne and droplet infection prevention control measures in reducing transmission will be minimal. Avoiding physical contact with others, covering mpox lesions and wearing a medical mask is likely to reduce onward mpox transmission; there may be minimal reduction in transmission from additionally physically isolating patients with mild disease at home.

Ship pipe route design based on NSGA-III and multi-population parallel evolution

Ship pipe route design (SPRD) aims to generate pipe layouts while considering various objectives and constraints in a confined 3D space, leading to extremely high complexity. To solve the problem of SPRD, traditional methods often adopt weighted summation of sub-objectives, introduce penalty functions to convert it to a single-objective optimization problem. However, these methods tend to yield a single optimal pipe route design pattern, and some existing multi-objective pipe routing algorithms do not have high search performance or sufficient treatment of constraints. Based on the grid-space decomposition model, this paper establishes a multi-objective pipe routing optimization model with several sub-objectives including path length, bends number, path energy, number of air-pockets, and number of violated bending distance, which also considers pipe routing for different diameters and interface direction requirements. A ship pipe route design framework based on the NSGA-III (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic algorithm III) is proposed, and its embedded pathfinding algorithm can explore pipe route using heuristic information and failure retry strategy, which greatly reduces the algorithm complexity compared to the classical algorithms such as A* and LEE and also facilitates parallel implementation. By employing OpenMP technology to achieve parallel evolution of multiple populations, more Pareto optimal solutions can be obtained in approximately the same timeframe as single population evolution. Finally, through comparative experiments using simulated cases, the feasibility and advancement of the proposed method are verified.