Single Rogue Research Articles

Rogue wave patterns in the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation

This paper investigates rogue wave patterns in the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. Initially, employing the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili reduction method, rogue wave solutions of the nonlocal NLS equation, whose τ function is a 2×2 block matrix, are simplified. Afterward, utilizing the asymptotic analysis approach, we investigate the rogue wave patterns when two free parameters a2m1+1 and b2m2+1 are considerably large and fulfill the condition |a2m1+1|2/(2m1+1)=O(|b2m2+1|1/(2m2+1)). Our findings reveal that under these conditions, rogue wave solutions of the nonlocal NLS equation exhibit novel patterns, which consist of three regions, which are the outer region, the middle region and the inner region. In the outer and middle regions, only single rogue waves with singularities may occur, and their locations are characterized by roots of two polynomials from the Yablonskii–Vorob'ev polynomial hierarchies. In the inner region, a possible lower order rogue wave may appear, which can be singular or regular, depending on the values of m1,m2, the sizes of τ function, and certain free parameters. Finally, the numerical results indicate that the predicted outcomes are in close alignment with real rogue waves.

Invasion of spontaneous germinal centers by naive B cells is rapid and persistent.

In autoreactive germinal centers (GC) initiated by a single rogue B cell clone, wild-type B cells expand and give rise to clones that target other autoantigens, known as epitope spreading. The chronic, progressive nature of epitope spreading calls for early interventions to limit autoimmune pathologies, but the kinetics and molecular requirements for wild-type B cell invasion and participation in GC remain largely unknown. With parabiosis and adoptive transfer approaches in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus, we demonstrate that wild-type B cells join existing GCs rapidly, clonally expand, persist, and contribute to autoantibody production and diversification. The invasion of autoreactive GCs by wild-type B cells required TLR7, B cell receptor specificity, antigen presentation, and type I interferon signaling. The adoptive transfer model provides a tool for identifying early events in the breaking of B cell tolerance in autoimmunity.

Survival and dynamics of rings of co-orbital planets under perturbations

ABSTRACT In co-orbital planetary systems, two or more planets share the same orbit around their star. Here we test the dynamical stability of co-orbital rings of planets perturbed by outside forces. We test two setups: (i) ‘stationary’ rings of planets that, when unperturbed, remain equally spaced along their orbit and (ii) horseshoe constellation systems, in which planets are continually undergoing horseshoe librations with their immediate neighbours. We show that a single rogue planet crossing the planets’ orbit more massive than a few lunar masses ($0.01\!-\!0.04 {\rm \, M_\oplus }\!\!$ ) systematically disrupts a co-orbital ring of 6, 9, 18, or 42 Earth-mass planets located at 1 au. Stationary rings are more resistant to perturbations than horseshoe constellations, yet when perturbed they can transform into stable horseshoe constellation systems. Given sufficient time, any co-orbital ring system will be perturbed into either becoming a horseshoe constellation or complete destabilization.

MP62-08 PENILE PROSTHESIS BIOFILMS: A PARADIGM SHIFT FROM INFECTION TO COLONIZATION

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP62-08 PENILE PROSTHESIS BIOFILMS: A PARADIGM SHIFT FROM INFECTION TO COLONIZATION Glenn Werneburg, Scott Lundy, Daniel Hettel, Petar Bajic, Bradley Gill, Ava Adler, Sromona Mukherjee, Hadley Wood, Kenneth Angermeier, Daniel Shoskes, and Aaron Miller Glenn WerneburgGlenn Werneburg More articles by this author , Scott LundyScott Lundy More articles by this author , Daniel HettelDaniel Hettel More articles by this author , Petar BajicPetar Bajic More articles by this author , Bradley GillBradley Gill More articles by this author , Ava AdlerAva Adler More articles by this author , Sromona MukherjeeSromona Mukherjee More articles by this author , Hadley WoodHadley Wood More articles by this author , Kenneth AngermeierKenneth Angermeier More articles by this author , Daniel ShoskesDaniel Shoskes More articles by this author , and Aaron MillerAaron Miller More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003320.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The penile prosthesis is an effective erectile dysfunction treatment, but a subset of devices develops infection or pain requiring explant. To understand differences between asymptomatic colonized and infected states, we sought to determine penile prosthesis biofilm composition, microbe-metabolite interaction networks, and association with clinical factors. METHODS: Patients scheduled for penile prosthesis removal/revision were included. Devices were swabbed upon initial access. Samples and experimental controls underwent next-generation sequencing, metabolomics, and culture-based assessments with appropriate controls. Clinical factor association was analyzed with t-tests and ANOVA. Isolates were cultured from devices, and biofilm formation was reconstituted in a continuous-flow stir tank bioreactor. RESULTS: Of 27 devices explanted and analyzed, 4 were explanted for infection and 4 for pain. 93% of all devices harbored a demonstrable biofilm. Seven genera including Faecalibaculum (log2 fold change +4.10, p<0.001), Jeotgalicoccus (+3.22, p<0.001), and Nosocomiicoccus (+2.94, p<0.001) were more abundant in infected than uninfected device biofilms. Eight microbial genera were more abundant in the presence of pain. Smokers and those with diabetes mellitus or cardiac disease had lower total normalized microbial counts than those without the conditions (p<0.001). We identified multiple microbe-metabolite interaction networks and subnetworks enriched in devices explanted for infection and pain. Biofilm formation by multiple microbial strains was recapitulated on relevant materials including silicone, PTFE, polyurethane, and titanium in vitro to facilitate further mechanistic studies. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the absence of infection, nearly all penile prosthesis devices harbor robust biofilms. Staphylococcus and Escherichia, the most commonly reported causative organisms of infection using traditional culture techniques, had similar abundance irrespective of infection status. A series of other uncommon genera and metabolites were differentially abundant, suggesting a complex microbe-metabolite pattern – rather than a single rogue organism – is responsible for the transition from the asymptomatic to the infected or pain state. Source of Funding: N/A © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e864 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Glenn Werneburg More articles by this author Scott Lundy More articles by this author Daniel Hettel More articles by this author Petar Bajic More articles by this author Bradley Gill More articles by this author Ava Adler More articles by this author Sromona Mukherjee More articles by this author Hadley Wood More articles by this author Kenneth Angermeier More articles by this author Daniel Shoskes More articles by this author Aaron Miller More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

An upper limit on late accretion and water delivery in the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanet system

The Trappist-1 system contains seven roughly Earth-sized planets locked in a multi-resonant orbital configuration, which has enabled precise measurements of the planets' masses and constrained their compositions. Here we use the system's fragile orbital structure to place robust upper limits on the planets' bombardment histories. We use N-body simulations to show how perturbations from additional objects can break the multi-resonant configuration by either triggering dynamical instability or simply removing the planets from resonance. The planets cannot have interacted with more than ${\sim 5\%}$ of an Earth mass (${M_\oplus}$) in planetesimals -- or a single rogue planet more massive than Earth's Moon -- without disrupting their resonant orbital structure. This implies an upper limit of ${10^{-4}}$ to ${10^{-2} M_\oplus}$ of late accretion on each planet since the dispersal of the system's gaseous disk. This is comparable to or less than the late accretion on Earth after the Moon-forming impact, and demonstrates that the Trappist-1 planets' growth was complete in just a few million years, roughly an order of magnitude faster than Earth's. Our results imply that any large water reservoirs on the Trappist-1 planets must have been incorporated during their formation in the gaseous disk.

Self-similarity transformation and two-dimensional rogue wave construction of non-autonomous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

&lt;sec&gt;Rogue wave is a kind of natural phenomenon that is fascinating, rare, and extreme. It has become a frontier of academic research. The rogue wave is considered as a spatiotemporal local rational function solution of nonlinear wave model. There are still very few (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave models which have rogue wave solutions, in comparison with soliton and Lump waves that are found in almost all (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave models and can be solved by different methods, such as inverse scattering method, Hirota bilinear method, Darboux transform method, Riemann-Hilbert method, and homoclinic test method. The structure and evolution characteristics of the obtained (2 + 1)-dimensional rogue waves are quite different from the prototypes of the (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Therefore, it is of great value to study two-dimensional rogue waves.&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;In this paper, the non-autonomous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is first converted into the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with the aid of a similar transformation, then two-dimensional rogue wave solutions represented by the rational functions of the non-autonomous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation are constructed based on the Lump solution of the first kind of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, and their evolutionary characteristics are illustrated by images through appropriately selecting the variable parameters and the dynamic stability of two-dimensional single rogue waves is numerically simulated by the fast Fourier transform algorithm. The obtained two-dimensional rogue waves, which are localized in both space and time, can be viewed as a two-dimensional analogue to the Peregrine soliton and thus are a natural candidate for describing the rogue wave phenomena. The method presented here provides enlightenment for searching for rogue wave excitation of (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave models.&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;We show that two-dimensional rogue waves are localized in both space and time which arise from the zero background and then disappear into the zero background again. These rogue-wave solutions to the non-autonomous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation generalize the rogue waves of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation into two spatial dimensions, and they could play a role in physically understanding the rogue water waves in the ocean.&lt;/sec&gt;

Earnings quality across different reporting regimes

PurposeSince the UK Companies Act 1981, different reporting standards have developed for different classes of company to reduce the reporting burden on non-listed companies. There are now different regimes for listed, large private, medium-sized, small and micro companies. This strategy raises the issue of whether earnings quality across the different classes of company is comparable. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the smoothness of earnings to measure reporting quality across the different types of companies from 2006 to 2013, based on 514,000 observations. Smoothness is an indicator of poor quality.FindingsThe authors find that listed companies have the highest earnings quality, closely followed by small and micro companies. In contrast, large private and medium-sized companies have much lower earnings quality. Overall, the authors find companies which switch between reporting regimes have lower earnings quality. The authors also find that earnings quality is not affected by the small company exemption from audit.Research limitations/implicationsCompanies filing abbreviated accounts are excluded since they do not file an income statement. The recent revisions to UK GAAP (FRS 102 and FRS 105) are not examined due to insufficient data.Practical implicationsThe Financial Reporting Council’s (FRC) strategy of reducing the financial reporting and auditing obligations for small companies seems not to have significantly affected earnings quality. However, the FRC may need to review the reporting requirements of large private and medium-sized companies and also the option of companies to switch between reporting regimes; in these settings earnings quality appears to be weaker.Originality/valueThe paper studies the effect of earnings quality across the different reporting regimes in the UK. Novel and important features of the study are that the sample covers a wide variety of small and micro companies which have not been analyzed previously; the results are disaggregated by year, for assurance that the results are not driven by a single rogue year; and the authors also address the small company exemption from audit, and the flexibility of non-listed companies to switch between regimes.

Composite rogue waves and modulation instability for the three-coupled Hirota system in an optical fiber

We investigate the three-coupled Hirota system, which is applied to model the long distance communication and ultrafast signal routing systems governing the propagation of light pulses. With the aid of the Darboux dressing transformation, composite rogue wave solutions are derived. Spatial–temporal structures, including the four-petaled structure for the three-coupled Hirota system, are exhibited. We find that the four-petaled rogue waves occur in two of the three components, whereas the eye-shaped rogue wave occurs in the other one. The composite rogue waves can split up into two or three single rogue waves. The corresponding conditions for the occurrence of such phenomena are discussed and presented. We find that the relative position of every single rogue wave is influenced by the ratios of certain parameters. Besides, the linear instability analysis is performed, and our results agree with those from the baseband modulation instability theory.

Why Bail-In Securities are Fool's Gold

Bailouts and bail-ins of failing financial institutions have been hotly disputed in the global financial crisis of the last five years. At the height of the crisis, several failing banks were bailed out with taxpayer money so they could service their debts, but as public outrage mounts, policymakers are increasingly looking at bailing in these institutions before using taxpayer funds. The public has demanded the imposition of these costs on creditors and bondholders, arguing that if bad lending as well as bad borrowing went unpunished it would be encouraged. Additionally, the yawning fiscal deficits that have followed bailouts have led to unpopular fiscal retrenchment. Consequently, eliminating bailouts has become a political imperative on both sides of the Atlantic. The public outcry against bailouts has led to the development of something new — the automatic bail-in of creditors of institutions that are still going concerns. The focus of this Policy Brief is on how these new bail-in instruments fare when clouds first appear on the horizon. I argue that bail-in securities may make sense for an idiosyncratic bank failure — like the 1995 collapse of Baring Brothers, which was the result of a single rogue trader. But they do not make sense in the more common and intractable case where many banks get into trouble at roughly the same time as the assets they own go bad. On such occasions these securities, which may also have encouraged excessive lending, either will inappropriately shift the burden of bank resolution on to ordinary pensioners or, if held by others, will bring forward and spread a crisis. Either way bail-in securities will probably end up costing taxpayers no less and maybe more. In this regard, fool’s gold is an apt description.

Something to Compare It to Then: Rereading Terror in Coincidences Between Pynchon's Germany and America's 9/11

On September 11, 2001, I was lecturing on bomb culture to a class of students who–I suggested–could have no idea of the climate of fear created during the Cold War by the possibility that a single rogue intercontinental ballistic missile might unleash nuclear holocaust. I had recently returned from a trip to Germany, where I had joined other dedicated Pynchon readers and scholars traveling to sites which appear in Gravity's Rainbow. We had been to Berlin, Slothrop's Sacramental (372), visited the V-2 rocket research facilities at Peenemunde and seen what remains of the underground Mittelwerke, near Nordhausen, where slave laborers from Dora and other camps had died assembling the missiles used for Hitler's vengeance strikes in 1944–1945. Pynchon's 1973 novel and the terror weapons of the Second World War were fresh in my mind as I walked out of class to find myself watching the map of another City Sacramental, New York, inverted and transformed by debris, dust and shreds of office documents. The fragments of papers which drifted over lower Manhattan as a poignant testimony to lives lost in the World Trade Center towers were soon to be followed by other records of the missing. Personal profiles of victims appeared as fliers and posters in the streets of Manhattan and as Portraits of Grief in the New York Times. These echoed strangely another paper trail of loss: the [a]dvertisements for shelter, clothing, the lost, the taken, […] out in the wind, when the wind comes, stuck to trees, door-frames, planking, pieces of wall–white and fading scraps, writing spidery, trembling, smudged, thousands unseen, thousands unread or blown away (373) that Slothrop finds in war-devastated Berlin in 1945; and the scrap of newspaper headline which elliptically informs him of the nuclear devastation of Hiroshima (693).

Production of the Extended Scattered Disk by Rogue Planets

We show that if the early outer solar system contained one or more additional planets of an Earth mass or larger, these planets are likely to be temporarily emplaced in the Kuiper Belt's disk. While on an orbit of large semimajor axis, such a may efficiently raise either (1) the perihelia of other scattered-disk objects, emplacing them in the scattered disk, or (2) their orbital inclinations, to the levels currently observed in the Kuiper Belt. With even a single rogue planet present, the probability of producing extended scattered disk objects is 20%-50%. After the rogue is removed from the system (on a characteristic timescale of 200 Myr), most extended scattered disk orbits are not appreciably modified over the age of the solar system. Objects with large orbital inclinations like the outliers 2004 XR190, 2003 UB313, 2000 CR105, and Sedna are also produced.

The highs and lows of change control

The process of change control in software project management is vital. But the forces that make it necessary also make it annoying. We worry about change because a tiny perturbation in the code can create a big failure in the product. But it can also fix a big failure or enable wonderful new capabilities. We worry about change because a single rogue developer could sink the project; yet brilliant ideas also originate in the minds of those rogues, and a burdensome change control process could effectively discourage them from doing creative work. The author's ambivalence about this issue is only deepened by the fact that change control processes are easily corrupted. Change control means risk analysis, and there's no easy or certain way to do that. Coupled with the amazing capacity we humans have for oversimplifying the complex, change control can become mindless resistance to change and an automatic rejection of all risk, regardless of potential reward. Or, just as easily, change control may degenerate into a set of empty rituals that allow any change to be made as long as the rituals are honored. Such a process is less a practical device than a sort of gargoyle meant to scare evil spirits or impress clients. Midway between allowing nothing or everything, change control may also become a political filter where change is resisted unless you're in with the in-crowd, regardless of the situation's merits. At SmartPatents, change control processes are (at least officially) the author's responsibility. He describes the process used at this software company.