Single-phase Voltage Source Inverter Research Articles

Stabilized voltage source inverter for sensitive loads in nuclear installations

The present paper proposes a novel design of a stabilized single-phase voltage-source inverter with pure sinusoidal output voltage for photovoltaic systems employed for feeding sensitive loads in nuclear installations. Such types of loads require a voltage source with quite stabilized magnitude and frequency and pure sinusoidal shape that is free from higher-order harmonics. The inverter is based on an H-bridge four insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) with gate drivers and optocoupler isolators. A control system based on a fast DSP unit and a microcontroller is designed for cancelation of the higher-order harmonics to produce a pure sinusoidal output with almost zero total harmonic distortion (THD). The sinusoidal purity, frequency and magnitude stabilization are achieved through pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled by a fast-response feedback system that measures the time wave form of the output voltage applied to the load and then calculates the THD, frequency and amplitude. The sinusoidal shaping is performed with aid of a sinusoidal shaping filter (SSF) to fasten the operation of higher-order harmonic cancellation. The frequency measurement is achieved through a frequency counter whereas the amplitude measurement is carried out through a differential amplifier that amplifies the difference between the output voltage of the inverter (while being applied to the load) and reference voltage that determines the desired amplitude. A prototype of the entire system of the proposed voltage-source inverter is fabricated for experimental evaluation of its performance. It is shown through simulation and experimental work that the proposed control system of the inverter output voltage is able to stabilize both the amplitude and frequency of the voltage applied to the load irrespective of the load impedance. Also, it is shown that the THD of the output voltage is -57dB\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-57 \ ext{ dB}$$\\end{document} (0.00025%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$0.00025 \\%$$\\end{document}), which is almost zero. Moreover, the switching losses are considerably reduced and can be negligible owing to the use of the appropriate IGBTs. The efficiency of the proposed inverter is obtained by simulation taking into account all types of losses. Also, the dependence of the inverter efficiency on the load current is investigated. The average efficiency of the proposed voltage-source inverter is shown to be higher than 97%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$97\\%$$\\end{document}.

Artificial Intelligence with Metaheuristic Algorithm Based Optimization for a Hybrid Energy Storage System

This paper presents an optimization framework for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) integrating photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The PV system voltage is stepped up using a Cuk converter, controlled by a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller to enhance dynamic performance and ensure maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based WECS is interfaced through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifier regulated by a Proportional Integral (PI) controller, maintaining stable and efficient power conversion. Both converter outputs converge at a common DC link, whose voltage is subsequently applied to a single phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). This VSI is connected to the grid through an LC filter, ensuring smooth power delivery with minimal harmonics. The proposed system combines AI and metaheuristic algorithms for optimized control, enhancing overall efficiency, reliability and stability of the renewable energy integration into the grid. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PSO ANN and PI control strategies in managing the dynamic interactions and power quality of the hybrid system. The proposed hybrid controller shows 92.47% tracking efficiency and the proposed converter shows 89.6% efficiency.

PV Connected Grid System Using Modified Boost Converter with AI Based Controller

Grid connected solar Photovoltaic (PV) system has a fast growing rate and rapidly becoming an essential part in power distribution systems. Solar energy generated through PV array completely depends on atmospheric conditions, changes in weather affects the amount of output energy, and hence the system needs to be improved according to changes in climate. Thereby, this work focuses on Modified Boost Converter (MBC) with AI based controller for optimizing the performance of grid connected PV module. Moreover, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is used in extracting maximum output power from PV system. The single phase Voltage Source Inverter (1 VSI) is utilized in converting the DC supply into AC. For verifying the performance of grid connected PV, it is implemented in MATLAB. The results demonstrates that the proposed converter results with higher voltage gain compared to the other conventional converters.

Principle, Design, and Analysis of a Novel Discrete Pulse Control for Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverter

Principle, Design, and Analysis of a Novel Discrete Pulse Control for Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverter

Smart Home Powered by Solar: IoT-based SEPIC Converter Control

Background: In this article, an IOT solution for managing and controlling a PV system with applications for the home is presented. A DC-DC SEPIC converter, a bidirectional converter, a PWM generator, and a single-phase voltage source inverter with active clamping are used for power conditioning. An output voltage control loop is implemented, and real-time online communication with an internet server is accomplished using the PIC microcontroller. Methods: The ESP8266MOD WIFI IOT module works with the Blynk mobile app. Experimental findings showing the proper operation of IOT features demonstrate the effectiveness of voltage regulation. In this article, frequency is taken into consideration as solar power is integrated with the grid. A user may easily control the DC-DC converter, load batteries, and monitor battery voltage through our userfriendly GUI interface. Results: In this paper, an IOT (Internet of Things) application was used to control and track the output of a modest PV power plant. The study shows the efficiency of the digitally controlled system developed to regulate the output voltage of the SEPIC DC-DC converter. Practical Significance: They further argue that the ESP8266 and microcontroller's versatility make them an appropriate instrument for remote and real-time monitoring and control of the proposed model from around the world. The energy that is produced by the sun is added to the grid so that it may be put to effective use and contribute to satisfying the rising demand for energy. Solar energy is the input that SEPIC uses to charge the batteries and for all of its other processes. In the event that solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are not available, the SEPIC DC-DC converter will derive its energy from AC power. Conclusion: In this article, an IOT (Internet of Things) application was used to control and track the output of a modest PV power plant. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of the digitally controlled system created to manage the output voltage of the SEPIC DC-DC converter. They further argue that the ESP8266 and microcontroller's versatility make them an appropriate instrument for allowing remote and real-time monitoring and control of the proposed model from any part of the world. The energy that is produced by the sun is added to the grid so that it may be put to effective use and contribute to satisfying the rising demand for energy. Solar energy is the input that SEPIC uses to charge the batteries and for all of its other processes. In the event that solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are not available, the SEPIC DC-DC converter will derive its energy from AC power.

Grid Tied Electric Vehicle Charging Station by Bidirectional PV Based High Gain Integrated DC-DC Converter

In the escalating concerns over carbon emissions from traditional fossil fuel vehicles, which contribute significantly to environmental degradation through phenomena like global warming and climate change, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a compelling solution due to their emission free nature. This paper proposes the establishment of a grid connected electric vehicle charging station, powered by a cutting edge bidirectional PV based high-gain integrated DC-DC Cuk Landsman converter which shows 93.4 % efficiency, aimed at ensuring swift and efficient EV charging processes. To enhance dynamic performance, a Cascaded Fuzzy Controller (CFC) technique is implemented which shows 89.4 % accuracy. This technique enables rapid responses for error compensation, thereby improving the converter’s dynamic performance indices. The converter plays a pivotal role by adeptly converting the low and unregulated DC voltage generated by the PV system into a stable output at the requisite voltage level, all while attaining unity power factor and minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD). Grid synchronization is meticulously ensured through the implementation of an adaptive proportional integral (PI) controller for a single phase voltage source inverter (VSI), which meticulously compares reference power with actual power. This process ensures seamless integration with the grid, meeting stringent standards. Furthermore, an LC filter is deployed to effectively mitigate current harmonics around the switching frequency, ensuring compliance with grid regulations.

Fuzzy Optimized Quadratic Boost Converter for Photovoltaic Application

To enhance the Inverter and Quadratic Boost Converter utilizing Fuzzy Logic Control for the Solar Panels. The quadratic boost converter is the intermediate stage between the solar panel and the Voltage Source Inverter. In normal boost converter produces a medium level of output voltage, but a quadratic boost converter produces double voltage gain for example if you give the supply voltage 20V and duty cycle 0.7 it will be output voltage 220V produced. Key Words: Quadratic boost converter, Single phase Voltage source inverter, Fuzzy logic control,

Cascaded Multi-Input Single-Output Boost Inverter for Mismatch Mitigation at PV Submodule Level

Mismatched power generation is a serious issue in PV systems, resulting from unequal power generation between PV components. Solutions have been proposed to reduce or eliminate the mismatch concern. One practical strategy is individually harvesting the maximum power from each PV component; the more distributed MPPT is applied to a finer level, the more power can be obtained. This study proposes three-input single-output boost converters that are employed to effectively increase PV power generation and significantly reduce mismatch issues between the PV submodule (PV SM). Each boost converter will be controlled to harvest the maximum power from a group of PV cells inside a single PV module. The outputs of the three boost converters are connected in series to provide higher output voltage for grid integration. The cascaded power converters are linked with a forwarding diode to provide a protection feature for the system and prevent the reverse current from harming the PV module. On the grid side, a single-phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is used to convert the DC power from the PV module to sinusoidal AC power. The performance of the suggested inverter has been confirmed through experimental tests.

Hybrid MGWO- CSO optimized high gain Relift Luo converter for PV based grid tied PMBLDC drive system

Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current (PMBLDC) motor has become one of the most important motors in high performance drive systems, for industrial uses especially for electric vehicle (EV) applications to minimize their torque and current ripples. This work proposes a PV based high gain DC-DC converter for uninterruptible constant power supply to the PMBLDC drive application. PMBLDC drive with Hall Effect sensorsis used to make the variable speed operation due to its controllability. In this work, a Relift Luo converter is utilized because of its negligible ripple in output DC voltage, high voltage gain and reduced switching losses. To regulate this converter, PI controller is implemented and to tune the parameters of the controller, Hybrid Crow Search -Modified Grey Wolf Optimization (MGWO-CSO) techniqueis implemented. The surplus energy from PV is transferred to grid through Single phase Voltage Source Inverter (1 φVSI) after generatingadequate power to PMBLDC motor. When there is no power in Photovoltaic (PV)cell during night time, stored energy in grid gives supply to the PMBLDC motor. The motor is effectively controlled by the PI controller along with the hysteresis controller. Furthermore, the developed work is executed in MATLAB/Simulink to foreshow its effectiveness. As a consequence, the proposed work accomplished low THD value of 1.34, high efficiency of 98.2% with reduced switching lossescompared to the conventional techniques.

Feedback Linearization Control for a Class of Transformerless Common-Ground VSI

As is well known in practice, conventional transformerless inverters may suffer the risk of high-frequency leakage currents between the photovoltaic (PV) array or battery energy storage systems (BESS) and the ground due to the stray capacitances. This operational condition can generate several electrical problems. Recently, we proposed in [1] a new method for designing transformerless topologies of single-phase voltage source inverters (VSI) with common ground derived from four classical DC-DC converters. As a sequence of that previous work, a novel control technique based on a feedback linearization approach is proposed to control that class of transformerless VSI with common ground in this paper. Unlike the classical local linearization techniques commonly used in the technical literature, this approach allows to obtain large-signal linear equations, by means of the feedback linearization of the non-linear terms. Real-time simulation results using Hardware-in-the-Loop allow validation of the proposed discrete control technique applied to this class of VSI topologies.

Design, implementation and empirical analysis of a cascaded hybrid MPPT controller for grid tied solar photovoltaic systems under partial shaded conditions

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system based power generation is going to become the major power source in the following few decades. Because of the advantages such as reliability, cleanliness, feasibility in small scale to medium scale power generation etc., Solar Photovoltaic (PV) based power generation is developing very rapidly. Hybrid MPPT control methods are essential to track and achieve maximum power generation from solar PV systems under normal and Partially Shaded Conditions (PSC). The proposed Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) will effectively tracks the Maximum Power Point when compared to the conventional hybrid MPPT methods. Luo converter is employed as DC-DC converter to convert the variable DC output from solar panel into a nominal DC level. The Luo converter output is given to a single phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and the inverter is connected to grid. The Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) tuned Fractional order Proportional Integral controller (FOPI) is adopted to maintain the stability of the grid connected inverter. The tracking efficiency of the proposed system is maintained around 98 % even under different irradiance conditions with very less convergence time of 0.016 s.

PSO Tuning of a Second-Order Sliding-Mode Controller for Adjusting Active Standard Power Levels for Smart Inverter Applications

In recent years, due to their ability to supply electricity in isolated places where building electrical transmission networks are expensive, Microgrids (MGs) have gained much attention. A new technology called smart inverters (SIs) is currently implemented in inverter-based MGs. SIs are designed to regulate energy under given standards for connecting inverters to the grid. The closed-loop control of SIs technology is still under study and improvement due to several challenges in fields such as stability and reliability. This paper proposes a DQ control for active power regulation on a single-phase voltage source inverter (SPVSI) using a second order sliding mode control (SMC-2) for addressing the abovementioned concerns. The SMC-2 tuning is performed by a metaheuristic algorithm known as particle swarm optimization (PSO). Moreover, to simulate domestic MGs, the SPSVI operation for tracking active power values is performed by ramp rate references based on standard IEEE Std 1547-2018 for inverters connected to the grid. The SMC-2 was appropriately tuned by a PSO algorithm through MATLABTM and the system simulation through PSCADTM. The results show that the algorithm performed better compared to a classical algorithm such as proportional-integral control in terms of integral absolute error (IAE) and integral square error (ISE).

PSO BASED HARMOIC MITIGATION IN SINGLE PHASE SINE WAVE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

This paper explains the pruning of power harmonics in a single-phase voltage source inverter using PI controller by calculating the optimized values of PI constants by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm. The mapping state space model of the sine wave inverter was formulated by considering the operating sequence of full bridge sine wave inverter. The controller acts effectively thereby reducing the voltage and current THDs in an inverter. The PSO technique is implemented which estimates the optimized parameters of constant for PI controller thereby tuning the controller for reducing the total harmonics of a full bridge inverter. The MATLAB / SIMULINK tool and experimental verifications are done for harmonic reduction, and it is found that its harmonics were reduced well than IEEE standards with improved transient response.

Simple Discrete Control of a Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverter in a UPS System for Low Switching Frequency

Previous research has shown that the inverter output voltage distortions are higher for low switching frequencies, and it is impossible to increase the controller gains because it will cause oscillations of the output voltage. The main reason is the real frequency domain characteristic of the PWM modulator and measuring traces, which can be modelled as switching periods delays. The thesis of this paper is that by using the control system that takes care of these delays, it is possible to decrease output voltage distortions for the standard loads for relatively low switching frequencies (e.g., 12,800 Hz). The Luenberger observer was implemented in the multi-input-multi-output passivity-based control of the system with the delay, in order to predict the state variables of the inverter. It is shown that state variable prediction is unnecessary for high switching frequencies (e.g., 51,200 Hz). The theory, simulations and breadboard verification, using the inverter model controlled with the real-time interface MicroLabBox, are presented.

Generalized Accurate Harmonic Calculation Method Based on Discretized Double Fourier Series to Solve Double-Pulse Phenomenon

Harmonic issues have always been paid attention to in electrical systems, and accurate calculation of the amplitude and phase of each harmonic has become one of the research focuses of scholars. This article develops a generalized harmonic closed-form analytical solution for a single-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) under digital sinusoidal pulse width modulation (DSPWM) and dead-time effects. This article is the first to point out the double-pulse phenomenon that can occur when using a double Fourier series to solve the harmonic spectrum due to the discontinuity of the dead-time effects and half-cycle integrals. Analysis and data comparison shows that this phenomenon can affect the accuracy of harmonic calculations. An discretized double Fourier series method is proposed to solve this phenomenon. Moreover, the problems of missing pulse caused by the modulation under a specific current phase and current zero-crossing are also solved, improving the harmonic calculation's accuracy and generality. Simulation analysis and the results of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) proved the correctness of the optimization method. And the experimental results are obtained on the DSP and SIC platforms, which are in good agreement with the expression calculation results

2DOF-based current controller for single-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter applications

This paper presents the design of a discrete-time control scheme for the current injected into the grid by a single-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). The VSI is connected to the grid by means of an LCL filter that attenuates the switching harmonics present in the output waveform of the inverter. The current control is based on a resonant regulator implemented in a Two-Degrees-Of-Freedom (2DOF) scheme that allows the location of all the poles to be defined in the closed loop of the system without the need for observers and measuring only the current injected into the grid. This control scheme, therefore, allows the attenuation of the resonance frequency of the LCL filter and requires no additional damping methods with which to mitigate the resonance phenomenon. The design parameters can be obtained using a fairly straightforward mathematical approach that involves only operations with real numbers. The simulation and experimental results obtained show that the control scheme performs correctly even considering changes in the grid inductance.

Asymmetric Digital Dual-Edge Modulator for Dynamic Performance Improvement of Multiloop-Controlled VSI

This paper proposes the architecture and a graphical-based analysis for a digital asymmetric dual-edge (ADE) carrier-based pulse width modulator (PWM). In its digital version, it retains some advantages offered by the analog implementation. Indeed, in single-sampling operation, the phase-delay introduced by this modulator is always less than or equal to the one obtained with the trailing-triangle edge (TTE) carrier. Moreover, by combining the advantages given by the ADE carrier and the double-sampling of the modulating signal, it is possible to realize a digital modulator with a null phase-delay. Since the proposed ADE carrier-based digital pulse-width modulator (ADE-DPWM) operates at a variable switching frequency, synchronization strategies between the carrier and the sampling instants may be required for some applications. Reliable synchronism correction architectures are therefore proposed and discussed. The developed model is validated through simulation and experimentally on a 20 kHz, 9 kW single-phase voltage-source inverter (VSI) case study. The experimental tests include a comparison with the DPWM architecture based on the TTE carrier.

Dynamic Performance Improvement of a Single-Phase VSI with Digital Implementation of an On-Line Optimal Trajectory Control Algorithm

A single-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) still suffers from a long settling time and significant voltage overshoot/undershoot under the abrupt step-change of load current. This article analyzes the comprehensive large-signal dynamic process and limitation of the linear controller during step change in load current. The combination of linear and nonlinear control is presented which is a realistic, simple, and low-cost technique for enhancing the dynamic response of the single-phase VSI. A nonlinear controller based on the simplified capacitor charge balance algorithm is employed to drive the inductor current and capacitor voltage to attain the target value by precisely following the projected optimal trajectory during the transient process in a brief period. A linear PI controller is utilized during the steady-state operations such as input voltage variations, temperature drifts, and component ageing. The complete mathematical derivation as well as a design method is presented to guide the practical hardware implementation for the given main circuit parameters and identified load step change. Even though accurate time instants can be obtained using off-line numerical calculations, reasonable simplifications are provided for real-time practical engineering applications in DSP. Finally, simulation and experimental verifications prove that the single-phase VSI achieves a substantial settling time decrease and reduced voltage oscillations.

The novel algorithm-based hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) to eliminate sub and inter harmonics (SIH) in load current

PurposeThis study aims to propose a unique algorithm-based hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) for induction motor using a single-phase voltage source inverter (SPVSI) to eliminate both sub and inter harmonics (SIH) and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the load current also reduces in comparison to standard HCCT and modified technique-based existing HCCT.Design/methodology/approachMatlab simulation has been carried out to develop an SPVSI model and the unique algorithm-based HCCT. The same platform has also been used to develop a few existing HCCTs such as standard, dual-band and modified. The switching frequency and harmonic analysis of load currents for all the HCCTs have been compared in the paper. The hardware implementation of the proposed algorithm-based HCCT was also verified and compared with the simulation results.FindingsThe proposed unique algorithm-based HCCT provides the benefits of both unipolar and bipolar switching techniques. It reduces the switching frequency as unipolar switching scheme and eliminates the EMI. It also reduces THD and nullifies SIH of the load current. This enables an improvement in the overall performance and efficiency of the motor.Practical implicationsThis proposed HCCT eliminates the SIH and improves the overall efficiency of the motor, hence can prevent overheating, vibration, acoustic noise, pulsating torque and braking of the rotor shaft of the motor and increasing the reliability of the system.Social implicationsIt can be implemented for the motors that are used in household applications and electric vehicles through one-phase inverter.Originality/valueThis proposed HCCT has detected the zero crossing point of reference current, allowed samples and shifted the necessary amount of hysteresis band at zero crossing region to eliminate SIH and THD.

A Sliding-Mode Control with Efficient Chattering Alleviation for Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverters

This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) method with a variable boundary layer for single-phase voltage source inverters. This strategy offers a very simple sliding function without any derivative term while preserving unique characteristics of the sliding mode control like fast dynamic response and robustness against parameter variations while also possessing the variable boundary layer method to reject the chattering phenomena. Chattering excites the high frequencies in the system and leads to inaccuracy and instability. It is shown that despite the conventinal approches, the proposed variable boundary layer method can both alleviate the chattering and generating the minimum steady state error. Owing to the adaptive nature of the suggested control approach which adjusts the thickness of the boundary layer, the whole mechanism can be controlled successfully under unpredictable parameter variations. The accomplishment of the suggested strategy is investigated by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. The outcomes are compared with the outcomes obtained without boundary layer, with constant boundary layer and super twisting sliding control methods. The comparison reveals that the proposed control technique outperforms the other control methods for the voltage source inverter. The results demonstrate that while the conventional, SMC with constant boundary layer and super twisting sliding control (STSMC) methods have 50% ,8% and 10% chattering over their control input respectively, the proposed method has less than 3% chattering over the control input.