Three-phase Induction Motor Research Articles

Predictive control of dual three-phase motor model based on harmonic suppression

Predictive control of dual three-phase motor model based on harmonic suppression

Исследование сигнала внешнего магнитного поля асинхронного электродвигателя в режиме выбега

Currently, one of the important scientific tasks is the development and improvement of methods for non-destructive testing of asynchronous electric motors during operation. One of the promising areas of diagnostics is the use of an external magnetic field signal. However, its study in the run-down mode is not given due attention by the authors of scientific publications, despite a number of advantages of this signal. Therefore, the aim of this research is to confirm the possibility to record and study the signal of the radial component of the induction of the external magnetic field in the run-down mode of an asynchronous motor. So, the aim is relevant. The research is carried out using several test benches, real low-voltage and high-voltage asynchronous motors and a simulation model of an asynchronous electric motor designed in the Ansys software package. To process the signals, namely, to construct the frequency-time spectra of the external magnetic field in the run-down mode, the authors have used a program based on the Short Time Fourier Transform using the Flat-top window as a window function to more accurately determine the amplitudes of the harmonic components. During the research conducted on test benches, it has been found that the external magnetic field of the motor in the run-down mode will exist due to the phenomenon of residual magnetization. The possibility of modeling asynchronous motors considering residual magnetization has been proven and the reliability of the resulting model has been confirmed. The spectra of external magnetic field signals on real motors and simulation models in the run-down mode are presented. The external magnetic field signal in the run-down mode can be recorded both on simulation models and on real low-voltage and high-voltage asynchronous electric motors. During further research, it is planned to analyze the possibility of identifying faults in asynchronous motors using this signal.

Automatic Switching of Three Phase Induction Motor during Fault Condition

Abstract: Three-Phase Induction Motor Automated Transition in Defective Conditions Maintaining the effective operation of three-phase induction motors is crucial in a variety of industrial contexts. However, malfunctions such as phase inconsistency, voltage drop, and overcurrent can seriously impair motor performance, leading to loss of operation and possible damage. This article introduces an automatic switching method designed to improve the fault-tolerance capacity of induction motors in order to address these issues. The system uses advanced fault detection algorithms to identify abnormal conditions quickly and enable a seamless transition to backup power or other configurations. It also incorporates preventive measures to guard against phase abnormalities and voltage variations that could harm the motor. Through simulation and real-world testing, the suggested system's dependability and effectiveness are confirmed, highlighting its potential to guarantee continuous motor running in industrial applications, a three-phase induction motor must be automatically switched on. A two-motor system a primary motor and a backup motor is shown in this study. If the primary motor fails, the backup motor is automatically turned on. Microcontroller design controls the entire switching process.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК АСИНХРОННОГО И СИНХРОННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ С ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫМ ВОЗБУЖДЕНИЕМ В ПРИВОДЕ ГРУЗОВОГО ТРАНСПОРТНОГО СРЕДСТВА ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ПРОХОДИМОСТИ НА ОСНОВЕ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

Двигатели с редкоземельными магнитами являются наиболее компактными и энергоэффективными в большинстве приложений. Однако их применение в качестве тяговых двигателей транспортных средств повышенной проходимости, таких, например, как карьерные самосвалы, затруднено не только из-за высокой стоимости магнитов, но и по причине трудности обеспечения широкого диапазона регулирования скорости при постоянстве мощности. По этой причине наиболее популярным типом двигателя для гибридных и полностью электрических карьерных самосвалов остаётся асинхронный двигатель. В то же время использование асинхронного двигателя ведет к сниженной энергоэффективности, повышенному току и высоким пульсациям температуры силовых ключей полупроводникового инвертора при стоянке под уклоном на электрическом тормозе. В данной статье представлено сравнение характеристик асинхронного двигателя и синхронного двигателя с обмоткой возбуждения на роторе в приводе карьерного самосвала. Сравниваемые двигатели имеют одинаковый внешний диаметр статора, а их геометрия оптимизирована с использованием метода Нелдера-Мида. Показано, что синхронный двигатель с обмоткой возбуждения имеет значительные преимущества, по сравнению с асинхронным двигателем. Преимуществами синхронного двигателя с обмоткой возбуждения являются снижение потерь, длины, массы и стоимости активных материалов. Применение синхронного двигателя с обмоткой возбуждения позволяет снизить стоимость силовых модулей инвертора в 1,16 раз также увеличить коэффициент использования инвертора с 0,219 до 0,316. Надежность и ресурс работы инвертора в случае использования синхронного двигателя с обмоткой возбуждения также увеличивается за счет отсутствия больших пульсаций температуры в силовых модулях в режиме электрического тормоза, часто применяемом в рассматриваемом приложении. Rare earth magnet motors are the most compact and energy efficient in most applications. However, their use as traction motors of off-road vehicles, such as mining dump trucks, is difficult not only because of the high cost of magnets, but also because of the difficulty of providing a wide range of speed control at constant power. For this reason, the asynchronous motor remains the most popular engine type for hybrid and all-electric mining dump trucks. At the same time, the use of an asynchronous motor leads to reduced energy efficiency, increased current and high temperature fluctuations of the power switches of a solid-state automatic voltage inverter when parked at an incline on an electric brake. This article presents a comparison of the characteristics of an asynchronous motor and a synchronous motor with an excitation winding on the rotor in the drive of a dump truck. The compared engines have the same external diameter of the stator, and their geometry is optimized using the Nelder-Meade method. It is shown that a synchronous motor with an excitation winding has significant advantages over an asynchronous motor. The advantages of a synchronous motor with an excitation winding are the reduction of losses, length, mass and cost of active materials. The use of a synchronous motor with an excitation winding makes it possible to reduce the cost of the inverter power modules by 1.16 times and also increase the utilization factor of the inverter from 0.219 to 0.316. The reliability and service life of the inverter in the case of using a synchronous motor with an excitation winding is also increased due to the absence of large temperature fluctuations in the power modules in the electric brake mode, often used in the application under consideration.

Squirrel Cage Induction Motor (SCIM) Rotor Flux Estimation and Observer Using Multivariable Sliding Mode Control (MSMC)

This paper proposes a multivariable sliding mode control (MSMC) based in rotor flux estimation and observer methods for squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). The principle of sliding mode control (SMC) adjustment can also be applied to multivariable systems. In this case, for each control quantity, there is a control member who switches the latter quickly between a maximum value and a minimum value, thus causing the sliding mode to appear. This article will discuss sliding mode tuning of multivariable systems, highlighting issues that arise in relation to mono-variable systems studied so far. In this paper, we will establish the general relationships, where we introduce the regulators of multivariable systems. To describe the behavior in sliding mode, we will call or equivalent control vector, at the end of this article we will introduce a rotor flux observer to improve the results obtained. The work is developed with a 2-level voltage source inverter. The simulation results are carried out to verify and validate the multivariable sliding mode control method proposed based rotor flux estimation and observer scheme

SYNTHESIS OF NARMA-L2 NEURAL CONTROLLER FOR TRACTION INDUCTION ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM

In today's world, where technology is developing rapidly, electric drive systems play a key role in a huge range of applications: from industrial production lines to vehicles and household appliances. These systems require high efficiency, accuracy and reliability. It is here that there is a need to improve and optimize the processes of controlling electric drives.In recent decades, neural network controllers, or neuroregulators, have won their place in the world of automatic control. Their unique ability to model complex nonlinear dependencies makes them an ideal tool for applications in electric drive systems. Neuro-regulators can adapt to changing operating conditions, learn from data and optimize the control process depending on specific requirements and conditions.This work is devoted to the possibility of using a neuroregulator in the traction asynchronous electric drive system. In the Matlab/Simulink environment, a simulation model of the AD914-U traction asynchronous electric motor vector control system described in the d,q rotating coordinate system was developed. The synthesis of the NARMA-L2 neuroregulator was performed, which combines the principles of the autoregressive model and the moving average model to provide prediction and control of complex processes. The main idea of this controller is to build a nonlinear transformation of input data that can predict the future states of the system. To demonstrate the capabilities of neuroregulators in traction electric motor control systems, comparative modeling of the NARMA-L2 neuroregulator and the classical proportional-integral regulator was conducted.The results of simulation modeling show that the system with a neuro-regulator shows the best indicators of regulation of the given parameters in transient processes and is a promising tool in the development of high-performance and energy-efficient traction electric drives.

Comprehensive Survey on Fault Detection and Classification in Three-Phase Induction Motors

Electric motors have revolutionized the way of human living and resulted in the modern lifestyle. These motors often operate in corrosive and dusty places and are exposed to a variety of undesirable conditions and situations that result in the failure of the motor. The faults occurring in Induction Motors (IM) need to be detected at a proper time for avoiding losses and further consequences. A well-designed fault detection scheme not only reduces motor failure but also increases productivity and even sometimes avoids accidents. This paper presents a review of fault detection and classification techniques in three-phase induction motors (TPIM). The main theme of this paper is to revisit the conventional methods for fault detection in TPIM and compare them with recently published methods based on parameters to be sensed, and the type of fault that can be detected, with their advantages and drawbacks. Around a hundred papers are critically reviewed and studied from old and new regimes. Attention is also given to fault detection methods based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). This paper concludes with brief remarks which will be very useful for new researchers who are willing to research in the domain of fault detection and classification.

A Review on Single Phase AC System of Railway Electrification

The widespread adoption of 25 kV, 50 Hz single-phase AC supply in long-distance electrified railway systems poses significant challenges to power quality in transmission networks. This paper presents an in-depth investigation into the influence of electric railway systems on a 110 kV transmission system, with a specific focus on locomotives equipped with diode rectifiers. Harmonic currents generated by these locomotives and unbalanced voltages introduced by single-phase traction loads are known to adversely affect power system components, leading to issues such as overheating, additional losses, and interference with communication systems. The focus of this paper is not only to understand the fundamental principles but to conduct a deep exploration of the functioning of various components such as locomotives, contact lines, and substations. High voltage This voltage is supplied from the substation or directly from the generating station. This high AC voltage (25KV) is first transformed into low AC voltage (415V). Three-phase induction motors are used because they provide high torque, are reliable, and are more efficient. The AC voltage in the second phase is rectified to DC and then converted into a phase AC using VFD. The VFD provides variable frequency and voltage to run the induction motor at different speeds.

Intelligent Integration of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Vehicle-for-Grid (V4G) Systems: Leveraging Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for Smart Grid

This paper presents a groundbreaking control strategy for a bidirectional battery charger that allows power to be injected into the smart grid while simultaneously compensating for the grid’s reactive power using an electric vehicle battery. An artificial neural network (ANN) controller is utilized for precise design to ensure optimal performance with minimal error. The ANN technique is applied to generate sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) for a bidirectional AC–DC inverter, with the entire algorithm simulated in MATLAB Simulink.The core innovation of this study is the creation of the ANN algorithm, which supports grid compensation using electric vehicle batteries, an approach termed “vehicle-for-grid”. Additionally, the paper details the PCB circuit design of the system controlled by the DSP F28379D board, which was tested on a three-phase motor. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the proposed ANN algorithm is approximately 1.85%, compared to the MPC algorithm’s THD of about 2.85%. This indicates that the proposed algorithm is more effective in terms of the quality of the power injected into the grid. Furthermore, it demonstrates effective grid compensation, with the reactive power effectively neutralized to 0KVAR in the vehicle-for-grid mode

Parametric estimation in three-phase induction motors using torque data via the generalized normal distribution optimizer

This research addresses the parametric estimation problem in three-phase induction motors by applying a recently developed metaheuristic method known as the generalized normal distribution optimizer (GNDO). A nonlinear programming model based on the steady-state circuit of the induction motor, which uses its Thevenin equivalent, is employed to model the estimation problem. Estimation is carried out by minimizing the mean square error between torque data (obtained from measurements or provided by the manufacturer) and the values calculated with the model. The main advantage of using the GNDO is its effective balance between the exploration and exploitation of the solution space via Gaussian distributions. Numerical tests in two three-phase induction machines confirm the effectiveness of this approach in comparison with the classical genetic algorithm, the particle swarm optimizer, and the sine cosine algorithm. The GNDO approach reports objective function values of about 9.7834×10−14 and 2.6500×10−14, while the sine cosine algorithm reaches solutions of about 4.6327×10−10 and 1.2400×10−6 in both tested motors. All numerical simulations were performed in the MATLAB software, version 2022b.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Single-Phase Induction Motor Considering Geometric and Winding Parameters

Multi-Objective Optimization of Single-Phase Induction Motor Considering Geometric and Winding Parameters

Design Of Maximum Torque Per Ampere Control Method In Squirrel Cage Three-Phase Induction Motor

Improving the performance of three-phase induction motors is currently carried out by various control methods. One of them is controlling a three-phase induction motor using the Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) method. This paper focuses on the study of modeling specific motor models using the MTPA method. The purpose of the study is to prove that with the squirrel cage motor model, the speed can be increased above its rating. The MTPA method is a method of controlling a three-phase induction motor by controlling the current from the torque speed. Modeling is tested to see the responsiveness of the modeled system. The experimental results were tested using two-speed references and the system showed that MTPA control induction motors can improve the performance of three-phase induction motors. The results from the design show that the MTPA method can increase the performance of three-phase induction motors to reach 84.4%. The results of this study can be used as one way to model induction motors.

Designing of a Reduced Switch MLI-Based Standalone Solar Inverter Suitable for Water Pump Application

Designing of a reduced switch multi-string cross-connected source type multilevel inverter (CCS-MLI)-based solar pump is introduced in this article. Integration of the Photovoltaic (PV) system with the inverter is achieved through a DC–DC converter equipped with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to enhance overall reliability. The asymmetrically switched CCS-MLI utilizes only 8 switches to generate 13-level waveform and facilitates power control between battery-assisted PV panels and the single-phase Induction Motor (IM). Multicarrier Pulse Width Modulation (MCPWM) is employed for frequency and fundamental component control in the output voltage. Solar-powered drive systems face the challenge of maintaining intended motor operation amid varying power generation from the PV array. The addition of batteries through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, mitigates this issue by supporting the load during reduced power output from PV panels due to unpredictable solar irradiation levels. Besides ensuring power quality, the proposed control technique realizes constant (V/f) control enabling stable drive operation. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is tested in MATLAB SIMULINK platform with a solar battery combination, considering changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, a hardware prototype of the battery-assisted CCS-MLI-based solar inverter is implemented, and various results are rigorously tested and analyzed using an equivalent machine circuit.

Electric Drive and Automation of Sampling System for Chimney Fas Analyzer

To organize reliable control over emissions from chimneys of energy facilities, automatic monitoring systems are needed. Equipment is known for monitoring emissions from small-diameter chimneys, but for large-diameter pipes (15 m or more) available in our Republic, there are no corresponding technical solutions. The paper examines the problem of automating the sampling of flue gases based on an electric drive in large-diameter chimneys. To ensure the optimal trajectory of the sampler in the chimney section, it is necessary to use an asynchronous electric motor with a frequency converter and a position sensor. A functional diagram of the control system is proposed, which contains a programmable logic controller for generating the motion mode, as well as a method for calculating parameters and expressions for generating a task signal for continuous sampling mode. Since the range of speed control increases as the diameter of the chimney increases, depending on it, scalar or vector frequency control can be applied. An expression is proposed for calculating the optimal value of the parameter N of an incremental position and speed sensor (encoder), which contributes to a reasonable choice of sensor. The results of simulation modeling are presented, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method for calculating the parameters of the sampler drive.

Neural network quaternion-based controller for port-Hamiltonian system

Abstract In this research article, a control approach for port-Hamiltonian PH systems based in a neural network (NN) quaternion-based control strategy is presented. First, the dynamics is converted by the implementation of a Poisson bracket in order to facilitate the mathematical model in order to obtain a feasible formulation for the controller design based on quaternion NNs. In this study, two controllers for this kind of of system are presented: the first one consists in the controller design for a PH system about its equilibrium points taking into consideration the position and momentum. This mean is achieved by dividing the quaternion neural controller into scalar and vectorial parts to facilitate the controller derivation by selecting a Lyapunov functional. The second control strategy consists in designing the trajectory tracking controller, in which a reference moment is considered in order to drive this variable to the final desired position according to a reference variable; again, a Lyapunov functional is implemented to obtain the desired control law. It is important to mention that both controllers take into advantage that the energy consideration and that the representation of many physical systems could be implemented in quaternions. Besides the angular velocity, trajectory tracking of a three-phase induction motor is presented as a third numerical experiment. Two numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical results evinced in this study. Finally, a discussion and conclusion section is provided.

Waste heat management in electric motors using thermoelectric generator integrated with phase change material and metal foam-embedded heat sink

The waste heat management process from various thermal sources is associated with promising results in the energy conversion field. Thermoelectric generators integrated with phase change materials containing metal foams are useful means for recovering waste heat and converting it into electrical energy. Installing these hybrid cases on common heat sources and providing a practical strategy for waste heat management addresses a significant research gap in this field. The aim of this study is to manage waste heat from a three-phase asynchronous electric motor of a milling machine for the first time using a novel prototype thermoelectric system. Four thermoelectric modules (connected electrically in series) with zero-cooling energy phase change material and copper foam heat sink were embedded on the motor body. Hence, continuous and fluctuating loads were imposed on the motor, starting from ambient temperature. This caused the motor body to heat up and transfer the wasted heat to the module and the environment. The results of this study show that the proposed system was successfully started via the waste heat of the motor body. Thermal energy was absorbed from the hot side of the module, and the hybrid heat sink controlled the temperature of the cold side. Moreover, an appropriate temperature difference was provided across the module, and the system produced electricity for a long time during milling operation. The maximum output voltage in constant and periodic loads, with on/off durations of 180 s and 360 s, was recorded as 960 mV, 1280 mV, and 1440 mV, respectively. The mentioned hybrid thermoelectric system provides a unique solution for waste heat management in industrial applications, improving economic savings.

Analysis of Automotive Smoothness Driven by Wheel Hub Motors with Different Configuration under Dual Excitation

Abstract In response to the smoothness issue of wheel hub motor driven vehicles, electromagnetic vertical excitation was added on the basis of road excitation, and the noise source of a three-phase 8-pole 48-slot permanent magnet motor was investigated in the frequency domain; A 1/4 vehicle 2-DOF vertical vibration system model with three suspension configurations under dual excitation was established, and the vehicle smoothness problem was analyzed from a time domain perspective. The results show that the overall trend of the response values of each evaluation indicator under dual coupling excitation is correspondingly higher than that under single excitation. Under dual excitation, the suspension configuration of absorber type exhibits the smallest maximum variation in the vertical acceleration response of the vehicle over time compared to the distributed and isolated suspension configurations.

Optimization and Improvement of Three-phase Asynchronous Motor Soft Starter Control Circuit

Abstract The soft starters of ABB company are used in a pumped storage power station. Sometimes, a phase absent fault was reported during the process of the motor starting and then led to starting failure. To solve this problem, this article first explained the working principle of the device, and then analyzed the design of the control circuit and the characteristics of the components. Combined with the actual inspection results to find the crux of the problem, It proposed optimization and improvement methods for the soft starter control circuit, and achieved the desired results.

Feasibility of solar-powered air-conditioning system using natural refrigerants

This research focuses on low carbon dioxide alternatives to air-conditioning systems that use sustainable and low-power drives. This detailed research takes into account a 1 t capacity air-conditioning system using several refrigerants based on vapor compression. Natural refrigerants should be used instead of all-synthetic ones due to their environmentally favorable properties. Using the CoolPack software platform, a comparative analysis was conducted, and it was found out that the natural refrigerants R290 and R600a exhibited promising results in terms of heat removal from the evaporator (Q e (kW)), heat removal from the condenser (Q c (kW)), work done by the compressor (W (kW)) and coefficient of performance when fixed temperatures of 10°C for the evaporator and 50°C for the condenser were maintained. For the refrigerant R600a, superheating at the compressor (inlet) suction by 5°C was necessary to maintain the running cycle within a practical working zone. Given that a 1 t vapor compression cycle air-conditioning system based on R290 has a compressor work consumption of 640 W, the motor power input for a single-phase induction motor will be roughly 1000 W. In contrast, direct-current (DC) motors require about 30% less power (770 W) and can be readily driven by solar photovoltaic systems (DC). Thus, by presenting solar thermal (required for R600a) and solar photovoltaic power (DC) applications for the natural refrigerants R290 and R600a, the present work will contribute to a sustainable environment and demonstrate the capabilities of dependable operation with optimal power usage.

A non-isolated PFC bridgeless SEPIC-Cuk converter with adaptive PI controller for induction motor

In general, the induction motor (IM) is extremely nonlinear in nature and frequency dependent. In most cases, the power generated by the IM has a low power factor (PF), which exhibits detrimental effect on the extent to which the whole transmission and distribution system functions. Since there exists more current harmonics as an outcome of minimized PF, the efficiency of the power system suffers due to transmission line heating and voltage distortion characteristics. Therefore, this paper proposes a power factor correction (PFC) method to overcome the aforementioned issues. Here, by the utilization of AC-DC bridgeless SEPIC-Cuk converter, the power quality is improved by reducing reactive power consumption and enabling better control of voltage and current outputs. To maintain the stable DC link voltage with reduced ripples, the adaptive proportional-integral (PI) controller is used in this work. The three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) transitioning function is controlled by cascaded fuzzy logic (CFL) controller, which is also utilized for regulating the speed of the three-phase IM. Implementing the proposed control strategy improves power quality significantly by reducing total harmonic distortion (THD). The proposed system is simulated in the MATLAB platform and the attained outcomes, it is clear that the proposed system is highly effective.