Single-parent Families Research Articles

Investigating the Differential Impact of Short- and Long-Term Informal Caregiving on Mental Health Across Adolescence: Data From the Tokyo Teen Cohort

PurposeYoung caregivers experience, on average, poorer mental health outcomes than non–caregiving young people. However, it is unknown to what extent these effects differ with age, or among short-term versus long-term caregivers. Using repeated assessment of young caregiving across multiple waves of a prospective adolescent cohort study, we conducted repeated cross-sectional analyses of caregiver status and contemporaneous depressive symptoms, self-harm, and suicidality in early to middle adolescence. MethodsFour waves of questionnaire data from a large, longitudinal population-based cohort study (Tokyo Teen Cohort) were analyzed. Caregiver status was collected from participants aged 10, 12, 14, and 16 years. Mental health outcomes assessed were depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicidal feelings. Logistic regression analyses were conducted assessing effects of a) young caregiver status and b) new, long-term, and ex-caregiver 2-year categorizations on mental health outcomes at 12, 14, and 16 years, both unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders (sex, low income, single-parent household, and parental distress). ResultsDepressive symptoms were elevated among long-term caregivers at 14 years (unadjusted odds ratio (uOR): 3.11 [1.33–7.27], adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.49 [1.03–5.99]). Borderline associations between long-term caregiving and self-harm (uOR: 3.14 [1.06–9.35], aOR: 2.51 [0.82–7.63]) and suicidal feelings (uOR: 2.49 [0.98–6.34], aOR: 2.06 [0.80–5.33]) were detected at 16 years. No associations were found at age 12 years in primary analyses; sensitivity analyses indicated possible increased depressive symptoms. DiscussionYoung caregivers with long-term caregiving roles are at the greatest risk for negative mental health outcomes, with effects concentrated in later adolescence. These findings highlight urgent need for early identification and practical and psychological support for young people shouldering caregiving burdens.

Unveiling the Shadows: Childhood Traumas and the Dynamics of Seeking Psychological Help and Self-Stigmatization Among Prisoners.

Compared with the general population, prison inmates show a higher prevalence of mental disorders, particularly among those with childhood traumas. Despite childhood traumas being robust indicators of poor mental health, there is limited research on their relationship with prisoners' attitudes toward seeking psychological help. This study investigates the impact of childhood traumas on prisoners' attitudes toward help-seeking and self-stigmatization. This cross-sectional, explanatory study was conducted with 250 persons in prison. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help Scale, and the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS Version 28. A significant link was found between childhood traumas and self-stigmatization in seeking psychological help. Positive attitudes toward help-seeking were significantly associated with increased self-stigmatization. Childhood traumas were significantly related to single-parent families, conflicted intrafamilial relationships, entering prison at the age of 19 years or older, mental health issues, and behavioral disorders. Moreover, a meaningful association was observed between self-stigmatization in help-seeking and being from a single-parent family with a low socioeconomic status. In conclusion, imprisoned persons with childhood traumas exhibit higher levels of self-stigmatization in seeking psychological help, contributing to negative attitudes. Recommendations for adequate access to mental health services in prisons include fostering a culture of psychological help, enhancing mental health literacy, providing trauma-informed care, and developing comprehensive strategies. In addition, the suggestion is made for the development of societal reintegration programs.

Exploring the Work-Life Balance of Single Parents and Its Impact on Life Satisfaction: The Interactive Roles of Social Support and Demographic Factors

This research paper, "Exploring the Work-Life Balance of Single Parents and Its Impact on Life Satisfaction: The Interactive Roles of Social Support and Demographic Factors," investigates the complex relationship between work-life balance, social support, and demographic factors and their combined influence on the life satisfaction of single parents. Grounded in an intersectional theoretical framework, the study sheds light on the challenges single parents face and their potential connection to issues of discrimination and disadvantage. While not its primary focus, the research indirectly addresses these concerns by examining the correlations between the identified factors and life satisfaction among single parents. The study's objectives encompass understanding the work-life dynamics of single-parent households, the role of social support, and the moderating effects of demographic characteristics. The research not only provides insights into the struggles faced by single parents but also offers recommendations for supportive interventions and policies. The findings suggest that improving work-life balance and fostering social support networks can significantly enhance the well-being of single parents, with particular attention to the unique needs of female business owners. This research serves as a foundation for further exploration of family dynamics and well-being within diverse family structures, contributing to developing more inclusive and supportive policies for single parents and their families.

Who is allowed to stay at home during school hours? An analysis of school withdrawal

ABSTRACT The rise of unexcused school absenteeism is an international phenomenon, and pupils with unexcused absenteeism are a highly heterogeneous group. Our study focuses on this heterogeneity by studying school withdrawal: absences not concealed from the parents, and which are attributable to there being little or no parental effort to get the pupil to school (passive school withdrawal) or to parental effort to keep the pupil at home (active school withdrawal). Our study of 644 pupils aged between 14 and 21 shows that both forms of school withdrawal are more prevalent among pupils with lower parental school involvement. Passive school withdrawal is more common among pupils from a single-parent family, and our findings also suggest that it occurs more often if the parents have a laissez-faire parenting style. Active school withdrawal is more prevalent amongst girls and students from a non-migrant background. In the conclusion, we elaborate on the implications of our findings for theory and practice.

Association between childhood family structure and longitudinal health behaviour changes in adulthood –Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study

BackgroundChildhood family structure is considered to play a role in person’s health and welfare. This study investigated the relationships between the longitudinal changes of adult health behaviours and childhood family structure.MethodsFrom Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 questionnaires, we collected data on childhood family structure at the age of 14 (‘two-parent family’, ‘one parent not living at home/no information on father’, and ‘father or mother deceased’), and on health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity status) at the ages of 31 and 46. We used the multinomial logistic regression model to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted associations between childhood family structures and the longitudinal changes between 31 and 46 years of health behaviours (four-category variables).ResultsOf the study sample (n = 5431; 55.5% females), 7.1% of the offspring were represented in the ‘One parent not living at home/no information on father’ subgroup, 6.3% in the ‘Father or mother deceased’ subgroup and 86.6% in the ‘Two-parent family’. ‘One parent not living at home/no information on father’ offspring were approximately twice as likely to smoke (adjusted OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.70–2.81) and heavily consume alcohol (adjusted OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.25–3.16) at both times in adulthood, relative to not smoking or not heavily consume alcohol, and compared with ‘two-parent family’ offspring. We found no statistically significant associations between childhood family structure and physical activity status changes in adulthood.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the offspring of single-parent families in particular should be supported in early life to diminish their risk of unhealthy behaviours in adulthood.

Influence of the Negative Life Changes Experienced after Becoming Single Mothers on Parenting Stress: Focusing on the Moderated Mediation Effect of Depression by Low-Income Status

Background: This study examines the influence of negative life changes experienced after becoming single mothers and their influence on parenting stress, focusing on the moderated mediation effect of depression influenced by low-income status.Methods: The research questions were tested by using raw data from the Survey of Single-parent Families and applying the PROCESS macro method.Results: First, the negative life changes experienced after becoming single mothers were found to positively and significantly influence parenting stress. Second, a partial mediation effect was observed: The levels of negative life changes increased the levels of depression, which, in turn, increased the levels of parenting stress. Third, the mediating effect of depression on the relationship between single mothers’ negative life changes and parenting stress was more pronounced for those with low income compared to those with medium and high income.Conclusions: This study suggests strategies to address single mothers’ parenting stress.

Adopting the fuzzy approach to analyze food poverty in Italy: A study on vulnerable households using household budget survey data

Besides international efforts to address poverty and hunger, there are still many disparities among households, therefore innovative approaches and techniques are required to address the multiple facets of poverty, especially food poverty.Given the complexity in defining this phenomenon, the fuzzy approach based on an expenditure-related metric is adopted as it provides valuable insights into the Italian food poverty situation thus improving the results generally provided using by the classical binary (or crisp) set theory.By considering the equivalised household food expenditure obtained from the 2021 Italian Household Budget Survey data, the fuzzy set approach is used to measure food poverty paying particular attention to vulnerable households at a detailed territorial level. The results show that food poverty is lower in the Northern-Central regions than in Southern Italy and highlight the vulnerability of families with children and single-parent households.

Effect of Intergenerational Trends on Parental Child-Rearing Gender Role Attitudes (PCGAs) in Single-Parent Families: A Relative Mediation.

Family structures are diverse, with single-parent families being special. Single-parent families have garnered interest regarding their impact on their children's development in relation to gender roles and social adaptation. This study investigated 532 children from single-parent families (mean age = 14.81, SD = 1.62) and their parents. We collected data on the parental child-rearing gender role attitudes (PCGAs) of grandparents and parents, as well as the gender role and social adaptation of the children. The results revealed four intergenerational trends in PCGAs: progression between generations, undesirability in both generations, desirability in both generations, and retrogression between generations. An ANOVA showed that families with intergenerational desirability tended to have children with the highest gender role and social adaptation scores among the four intergenerational trends, while families with intergenerational undesirability had the lowest. A relative mediation analysis showed that compared to intergenerational undesirable PCGAs, intergenerational progress and intergenerational desirable PCGAs are beneficial for children's gender traits, and their social adaptation development is also better. The results confirm the positive effect of children's gender roles on their social adaptation, which suggests that parents should pay attention to children's gender role education, transform their PCGAs, and create a nurturing environment for children's gender role development.

Социальная помощь семьям группы риска: практика реализации проекта «Обучение служением»

Interaction with high-risk families and providing social assistance to children from these families are among the priority issues considered within the framework of implementing Russian state social policy. The modern period of development of this industry is characterized by the active inclusion of volunteer practices in the process of socialization and prevention of deviant behavior among members of high-risk families, including through the formation of their subjectivity. One of the examples of volunteer practices analyzed in the study is the Ministry Training Project. By the method of content analysis, current social orders implemented within the framework of the project under study were systematized and described as one of the directions for interaction with families of the risk group and children from these families. The results of the study demonstrate differences in the degree of prevalence of Ministry Training Project practices in relation to at-risk families. The implementation of the project’s social orders is extended to only one category of this group – families raising disabled children and children with disabilities, while other categories (social orphans, antisocial families, single-parent families, etc.) are not represented within the framework of the project.

Trends and structure of regional poverty: The Samara Oblast case study

Subject. This article discusses the issue of determining the subsistence minimum, as well as the variety of approaches to assessing the poverty rate. The article considers the Samara Oblast as a case study. Objectives. The article aims to develop recommendations for reducing poverty. Methods. For the study, I used dynamic, structural, and comparative analyses, as well as the SWOT and PEST analyses methods. Results. The article finds that the Samara Oblast is characterized by a high poverty rate among single-parent families, as well as a significant percentage of poor and extremely poor living in rural settlements. The transition to a subjective concept of poverty measurement can help reduce poverty in the Samara Oblast. Conclusions. The results of the study can be taken into account when developing regional programmes for overcoming poverty.

Do different household models affect poverty? A dynamic panel analysis in 28 European countries

ABSTRACT The increase in the number of single-parent households and divorces, the decrease in marriages and the increasing relevance of household models with more than two cohabiting adults represent a recent social trend that emerges in modern societies. In this paper, we investigate how the evolution in the incidence of different household models affects household poverty in Europe. Using a panel of 28 European countries over a 14-year period (2005 to 2018), we implement both panel fixed- and random-effects models and the system-GMM dynamic panel method by estimating short- and long-run coefficients. Our analysis points out that household’s dissolution and the share of single-parent households with children are positively correlated with the risk of poverty; extended households play a role in insuring against poverty. Moreover, we find that households’ poverty is persistent over time with a speed of adjustment equal to 0.5 and a median time lag of one year. Our results also suggest that family policies represent an effective tool against the effects of social exclusion, becoming more evident in the long run.

Aspects of Area Deprivation Index in Relation to Hippocampal Volume Among Children

Area deprivation index (ADI) has been shown to be associated with reduced hippocampal volume (HV) among youths. The social environment may interact with the association between ADI and HV. To investigate which aspects of ADI are uniquely associated with bilateral HV and whether school and family environments have moderating interactions in associations between ADI and HV. This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Participants aged 9 and 10 years were recruited from 21 sites in the US between September 2016 and August 2018. Data analysis was performed between March 2023 and April 2024. ADI aspects were derived from participant primary home addresses provided by parents or guardians. HV was automatically segmented from structural brain images ascertained from magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple generalized linear mixed modeling tested associations between 9 indices of ADI and bilateral HV, with family groups and recruitment sites as random effects. After stepwise backward selection, models were adjusted for individual-level covariates, including age, sex, race and ethnicity, parental education, household income, and estimated intracranial volume. This study included 10 114 participants aged 9 and 10 years (median [IQR] age, 9.92 [9.33-10.48] years; 5294 male [52.3%]; 200 Asian [2.0%], 1411 Black [14.0%], and 6655 White [65.8%]; 1959 Hispanic [19.4%]). After stepwise backward selection and adjusting for covariates, only the percentage of neighborhood-level single-parent households was associated with right HV (adjusted β per 1-SD increase in single-parent households, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.01; P = .01). School environment interacted with neighborhood-level single-parent households in its association with right HV (adjusted β per 1-SD increase in score, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = .003), such that there was an inverse association only among those at a school with the mean environment score (adjusted β per 1% increase in single-parent households, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.01; P = .02) and worse (-1 SD score) school environment score (adjusted β per 1% increase in single-parent households, -0.05; 95% CI, -0.09 to -0.01; P < .001) but not among those at better (+1 SD score) school environments. In this study, an increased percentage of neighborhood-level single-parent households was associated with reduced right HV among children in schools with the mean or worse but not better environment score. These findings suggest that longitudinal research concerning the association of neighborhood-level characteristics and school environments with hippocampal development may be warranted to better understand complex interactions between various social factors and child neurodevelopment and mental health outcomes.

The Carceral State, Social Disorganization, and Firearm Homicides in Chicago

Black and other racially minoritized groups are overrepresented among those who experience firearm homicide. There has been a stark increase in incarcerated populations in the US since the 1980s, largely due to differential drug sentencing, of which racially minoritized individuals are also overrepresented; social disorganization theory postulates that community and family instability resulting from incarceration can further worsen crime. To understand the association of race-specific incarceration with race-specific firearm violence rates in Chicago, Illinois, through the lens of social vulnerability and family instability. This cross-sectional study with a retrospective cohort design utilized homicide data for the city of Chicago from January 1, 2001, to August 31, 2019. Demographic data at the census block level was obtained from the 2010 decennial census. Incarceration rates were obtained by race and ethnicity at the census tract level from the Opportunity Atlas. Data analysis occurred from January to June 2023. Race-specific incarceration rates were the primary exposures of interest. The Social Vulnerability Index and single-parent households were studied as mediators. Race-specific firearm homicide rates were the outcomes of interest. Structural equation modeling was used to understand the mediating effect of social vulnerability and single-parent households on the association of incarceration with firearm homicides. A total of 46 312 census blocks were evaluated. Black-specific incarceration rates were found to be associated with Black-specific firearm homicides (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.50-1.94), but there was no association for Hispanic incarceration rates (IRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.75-1.28) or White incarceration rates (IRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.39-1.16). In the association of Black incarceration rates with Black firearm homicide rates, social vulnerability did not mediate the interaction, but the percentage of single-parent households mediated 23% of the interaction. This study found that higher rates of incarceration were associated with increased rates of firearm homicides among Black communities alone; this association was found to be mediated partially through the density of single-parent households in these areas, suggesting that social disorganization resulting from mass incarceration may perpetuate firearm homicides. Targeted policies addressing mass incarceration and the disparities therein may be a means of reducing urban firearm homicides.

Perceived Family Functioning of Adolescents with Affective Disorders: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aims to investigate the status of family functioning and dissatisfaction of family function from the perception of adolescents with affective disorders and explore associated factors. This was a multicentric cross-sectional study conducted from April 2022 to February 2023. Adolescents with affective disorders were surveyed in representative samples drawn from three hospitals in Sichuan province, China. Data were obtained from 235 participants regarding their demographic characteristics, family characteristics, disease-related characteristics, and family functioning. The study found family functioning and its' dissatisfaction both lower than national norms from the perspectives of adolescents. Younger age, single-parent family, and reconstituted family were predictors of not close of cohesion. Younger age, lower educational level of father, and reconstituted family were associated with less change of flexibility. Less times of hospitalizations, higher educational level of father, stem family were more satisfy with cohesion. Higher educational level of father, and stem family were also associated with greater satisfaction with flexibility. The study demonstrated that the family function of adolescents of affective disorders was poor, more attention should be paid to it. Age, family structure, number of hospitalizations and the educational level of father were influencing factors of family functioning. Therefore, it is important for medical worker to assess demographic and family characteristics of adolescents with affective disorders. Younger children, children of reconstituted family and single-parent family, children with repeated hospitalizations and fathers of lower level of education should be given emphasized in implementation of interventions. Based on the evaluation results, personalized family therapy has been proved to be an affective measure and could be used in clinical work.

Examining knowledge of cancer-related family history in an urban underserved patient population.

e22550 Background: An accurate assessment of family history of cancer is essential in assigning cancer risk, and in decision making regarding the timing and method of cancer screening. However, obtaining a complete and accurate cancer-related family history, including first- and second-degree relatives, is often challenging in underserved communities. Familial dynamics such as single parent households, kinship care, and estrangement may act as barriers to an individual’s knowledge of their family health history. Presently, Electronic Medical Record systems constrain users to a binary documentation of cancer history as either ‘yes’ or ‘no’. However, patients may be unaware or uncertain of their family’s cancer history. These unknowns are not captured, resulting in poor understanding of patient knowledge regarding their family history of cancer. Objective: To assess knowledge of cancer-related family history for first- and second-degree relatives among an urban underserved patient population. Funding source: The American Cancer Society. Methods: University of Illinois Health patients aged 45-75 years without a history of colorectal cancer, who received an order for colorectal cancer screening through fecal immunochemical testing or screening colonoscopy were eligible to participate. A total of 88 respondents completed a 23-item telephone survey assessing knowledge of their family cancer health history using a 5-point Likert scale. Surveys were administered in both English and Spanish languages. Results: Of the 88 survey participants, 50 (57%) were female, 54 (61%) were of black or African American race, and 31 (36%) were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. On a single-item question assessing overall knowledge of their cancer-related family history, 35 (39.7%) responded they know it well or very well, versus 13 (14.8%) with little or no knowledge. On knowledge of maternal cancer related history, 8 participants (9.1%) reported little or no knowledge of their mother’s cancer history, and 29 participants (33%) reported little or no knowledge of their maternal relatives’ cancer history. On knowledge of their father’s cancer history, 35 (39.8%) reported little or no knowledge of their father’s cancer history, and 48 participants (54.5%) reported little or no knowledge of their paternal relatives’ cancer history. Conclusions: This original research study addresses the current gap in understanding patient knowledge regarding familial cancer health history. Survey results demonstrate a striking discrepancy between respondent reported overall knowledge of cancer-related family history, and knowledge of their maternal and paternal cancer histories. Moreover, respondents reported increased knowledge of their mother’s versus father’s cancer history p &lt; 0.0001. Improved recognition of unknown family history in first- and second-degree family members may improve cancer-risk assessment.

초등교사의 기대에 영향을 미치는 학생 특성 탐색

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine student characteristics that affect elementary teachers' ex-pectations in terms of students' academic performance, peer relationship, and attitude. Methods For this purpose, the panel data of the Korea Education Longitudinal Study (KELS) 2013 from elementary school students were used. For this data, the predicted mean matching method was applied to handle missing values, multicollinearity was checked, and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results It was found that variables affecting teachers' expectations were students' previous academic perform-ance, class attitude, gender, parental support, monthly income, physical self-concept, and single-parent family status. The effect size and direction of the variables varied by the sub-component of teacher expectations. Conclusions Based on these findings, this study proposed a teacher training program to prevent teachers' biases against students and called for the establishment of longitudinal data to conduct research on teachers' evaluations and expectations of students.

Globalization and the Arab Family System: A Critical Analysis of Perceived Threats and Challenges

The objectives of this research were threefold: 1) to investigate whether globalization and Islamic religiousness conflict each other; 2) to examine how globalization has changed the family system in the Arab world; and 3) to provide some examples and life stories of the influence and transformation of family relations. The findings indicate that globalization has had both positive and negative effects on values, beliefs, and gender roles, resulting in changes in education, economics, entertainment, marriage, and parenting, and leading to an increase in single-parent, blended, mixed-race, and mixed-nationality families. Furthermore, the influence of social media and globalization had eroded traditional moral and family values. These findings could have been valuable to sociologists, policymakers, and researchers working on the issue.

Long-term effects of childhood single-parent family structure on brain connectivity and psychological well-being.

The high and increasing proportion of single-parent families is considered a risk factor associated with various childhood trauma experiences. Consequently, concerns have been raised regarding the potential long-term effects of the childhood single-parent family structure. In this study, we employed advanced magnetic resonance imaging technology, including morphometric similarity mapping, functional connectivity density, and network-based analysis, to investigate brain connectivity and behavioral differences among young adults who were raised in single-parent families. Our study also aimed to explore the relationship between these differences and childhood trauma experiences. The results showed that individuals who grew up in single-parent families exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, and harm-avoidant personality. The multimodal MRI analysis further showed differences in regional and network-based connectivity properties in the single-parent family group, including increased functional connectivity density in the left inferior parietal lobule, enhanced cortical structural connectivity between the left isthmus cingulate cortex and peri-calcarine cortex, and an increase in temporal functional connectivity. Moreover, elevated levels of anxiety and depression, along with heightened functional connectivity density in the left inferior parietal lobule and increased temporal functional connectivity, were found to be correlated with a greater number of childhood trauma experiences. Through analyzing multiple data patterns, our study provides objective neuropsychobiological evidence for the enduring impact of childhood single-parent family structure on psychiatric vulnerability in adulthood.

Sources and determinants of free sugars intake by 5-year-old Australian children in the SMILE cohort.

Reducing free sugars intake is important for the prevention of dental caries and obesity in children. The study aimed to determine the amount and sources of free sugars known to contribute to dental caries, and identify sociodemographic determinants of intake by children aged 5 years in Australia. Cross-sectional analysis of dietary data from a cohort study, collected using a customized food frequency questionnaire were used to calculate free sugars intake as grams/day and percentage contribution to Estimated Energy Requirement (EER).The percent contribution of food sources to free sugars intake was derived. Sociodemographic determinants of achieving intakes within WHO thresholds (i.e., <5% and <10% Energy were explored with multinomial logistic regression. Complete data were available for 641 children (347 boys, 294 girls). Median (IQR)free sugars intake (g/day) was 31.6 (21.3-47.6) in boys and 28.1 (19.6-47.9) in girls. The median (IQR)percentage contribution to EER was 7.9 (5.4-12.7); 21% and 42% of children had intakes <5% EER and between 5% and<10%, respectively. The main sources of free sugars were: (1) Cakes, Biscuits and Cereal Bars; (2) Sweetened Milk Products (predominantly yoghurts) and (3) Desserts. Maternal university education, single-parent household, and maternal place of birth being Australia or New Zealand were associated with free sugars intake <5% EER. In conclusion, less than a quarter of 5-year-old children in the SMILE cohort achieved the WHO recommendations to limit free sugars to <5% EER. Strategies to lower free sugars intake could target priority populations such migrants, populations with lower levels of education or health literacy and identify areas for intervention in the wider food environments that children are exposed to.

Family Structure and Poverty Changes Among U.S. White Alone (non-Hispanic) Families in the United States: A State of Families Project Report (1967–2022)

This report is the second in a series of State of Families (SoF) project data reports to be published throughout Volume 60 (2024) of Marriage and Family Review (MFR). MFR partnered with the Statistical Consulting Center at Miami University to systematically analyze the conditional state of U.S. families and family life across diverse contexts. This inaugural report focuses on U.S. White alone (non-Hispanic) families (with and without children under 18 years of age) in the United States, examining changes in family structure and poverty levels over time (1967–2022). Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we explore trends in married-couple families, single-parent families, cohabiting households, and other family types within the demographic category of White alone (non-Hispanic) population. Additionally, we investigate the dynamics of poverty among different family structures within this group. The report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of White alone (non-Hispanic) families in the context of broader societal shifts and economic realities in the U.S.