Single Item Research Articles

Psychometric evaluation of a single-item screening tool for the presence of problematic sexual behavior among preteen children

BackgroundPreteen children with problematic sexual behavior (PSB) are increasingly coming to the attention of mental health professionals. However, efforts to provide clinical care to these children are hampered by the limited dissemination and implementation of effective screening procedures. ObjectiveA single-item screening tool designed for implementation in mental health settings was developed and tested for psychometric quality. ParticipantsParticipants included caregivers of children receiving clinical services as a result of displaying PSB and/or subsequent to disclosure of child maltreatment (n = 341). MethodsCaregivers completed the single-item tool at the onset of services and approximately 15 days later. In addition, caregivers completed the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Child Stress Disorder Checklist-Short Form at the initial assessment. ResultsAnalyses demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability of the tool (phi = 0.70–0.74, p < .001). Validity was established by showing that caregivers providing a positive response on the single-item tool scored children significantly higher on a full-length measure assessing PSB than caregivers denying such concerns on the single-item tool (t = 7.28–9.8, p < .001). However, scores on measures of internalizing concerns and posttraumatic stress symptoms were not distinguished by caregiver responses to the single item tool. ConclusionsThe newly developed single-item tool appears to offer an efficient, reliable, and valid method of screening preteen children for the presence of PSB.

Differentially Private Fair Division

Fairness and privacy are two important concerns in social decision-making processes such as resource allocation. We study privacy in the fair allocation of indivisible resources using the well-established framework of differential privacy. We present algorithms for approximate envy-freeness and proportionality when two instances are considered to be adjacent if they differ only on the utility of a single agent for a single item. On the other hand, we provide strong negative results for both fairness criteria when the adjacency notion allows the entire utility function of a single agent to change.

Evaluating Financial Toxicity in Urologic Practice

To evaluate financial toxicity in Urologic surgery using the Comprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) as well as validate a single item measure of toxicity. A cross-sectional study of 182 patients undergoing oncologic and benign urologic procedures at a single academic medical center. Oncologic procedures included robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and radical cystectomy. Benign procedures included holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, intravesical chemodenervation, ureteroscopy laser lithotripsy, and ureteral stent exchange. Retrospective review, patient interviews, and the previously validated COST survey, as well as a novel single item measure of toxicity were used pre and post-op. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models compared COST scores by type of urologic procedure. Eighty (44%) patients underwent oncologic procedures and 102 (56%) benign procedures. Benign patients were most likely to have lower income and be younger than oncologic patients, with a median age of 56.7 vs64.9. One in 4 patients undergoing urologic procedures experienced moderate to severe financial toxicity, without a statistically significant difference between the benign and the oncology groups pre- or post-operatively. Single item measure strongly correlated with COST (r = -0.80) pre- and post-operative. The COST survey and a single-item financial toxicity measure are both valid tools that can be used to measure financial toxicity in urology. Further research is needed to elicit the exact cause of financial toxicity in the heterogenous urologic patient population.

International Perspectives on the Dynamics of Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers’ Digital Competences

Researchers and society in general seem to be conflicted regarding the use of digital technology in early childhood education (ECE). Some are focusing on the positive aspects of using digital technology, while others are critical and position it as an enemy of early childhood practice. It has been argued that digital technology is not appropriate for young children’s cognitive, physical, social and emotional development. Nevertheless, supporting and developing young children’s beginning digital competence is implemented in curricula and teacher education globally. The need for teachers’ professional digital competence (PDC) is increasing according to the development and increased use of digital technology in society as a whole, including in the field of education. The field of research has, to a large extent, been focused on primary and secondary education, and there is a lack of research on PDC in ECE. To gain insight into the dynamics of PDC in ECE, we investigated a range of ECE contexts by including different international perspectives in a comparative study of pre-service early childhood (EC) teachers transitioning to being in-service teachers. The survey was conducted in eight different nations (Norway, Slovenia, Portugal, Poland, Turkey, Ukraine, England and Jordan) and resulted in 772 responses from pre-service teachers in the last year of their education. The paper discusses these international perspectives, considering the differences found between nations. It also investigates the dynamics of PDC, understood in this article as comprising attitudes, skills and knowledge. Following this, it also investigates how these dynamics are affecting the pre-service teachers’ expectations related to their future application of digital tools as teachers to be. The results indicate large differences between nations for both single items and multi-item scales. At the same time, the dynamics of digital practices across nations reveal that attitudes, digital skills and knowledge are statistically strong predictors of pre-service teachers’ future use of educational digital technology (EDT). This indicates both similarities and differences across nations and could serve as insight regarding the development of teacher programmes and the importance of including all aspects when developing pre-service teachers’ PDC. This article, due to its limitation, will not elaborate in depth on contextual differences, and further qualitative research is needed to understand the complexity related to educational culture and practice.

686-P: Risk Associations between Patient Reported Depression, Cardiovascular-Renal Events, All-Cause Mortality, and Potential Single-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) Screening for All-Cause Mortality in Asians—Six-Year Prospective Analysis of the Hong Kong Diabetes Register

Background: Asians are at higher risk of diabetes, though risk associations of depression and diabetes complications were reported mainly in the Western population. This is the first prospective study reporting association between depression and clinical outcomes in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), adjusted for patient report outcomes (PRO) including lifestyle behaviours, self-care and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 4525 Chinese patients with T2D utilizing the Hong Kong Diabetes Register medical records and PRO data collected between 2013 and 2019. Hazard ratios (HR) of depression for the following diabetes complications were estimated: cardiovascular disease (CVD) including ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and all-cause mortality adjusted for PRO with Cox regression models. Results: At baseline, 537 patients reported depressive symptoms with a PHQ-9 score≥7. Depression was significantly associated with CVD (HR 1.90 [1.20-3.01]) particularly for IHD (HR 2.21 [1.21-4.02]) after adjusting for conventional risk factors and PRO. Depression was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.87 [1.16-3.03]) before adjusting for HRQoL. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Q4 (feeling tired or having little energy) was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.76 [1.38-2.24]), indicating a potential single screening item for all-cause mortality in Asian patients with T2D. Conclusion: Depression is reported to have significant associations with diabetes complications considering PRO. PHQ-9 Q4 can be used as a single item tool in identifying patients with T2D who are at high risk of all-cause mortality, for early counselling and behaviour modifications. Disclosure J.N.M.Lui: None. H.Yeung: None. K.Loo: None. R.Ozaki: None. J.C.Chan: Board Member; Asia Diabetes Foundation, Consultant; Bayer Inc., Celltrion, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly Alliance, Sanofi, Research Support; AstraZeneca, Servier Laboratories, Viatris Inc., Hua Medicine, Merck KGaA, Applied Therapeutics Inc., Lee Powder, Pfizer Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Novartis, Stock/Shareholder; GemVCare Ltd. E.S.H.Lau: None. Y.Yeung: None. K.Lee: None. T.Yung: None. A.P.Kong: Advisory Panel; Abbott, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Speaker's Bureau; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Lilly, Bayer Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Inc. A.Luk: Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bayer Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Eli Lilly and Company. E.Chow: Research Support; Medtronic, Merck KGaA, Speaker's Bureau; Novartis, Bayer Inc., Sanofi. R.C.Ma: Advisory Panel; AstraZeneca, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Other Relationship; Bayer Inc., Boehringer-Ingelheim, Research Support; Tricida, Inc., Roche Diagnostics, Novo Nordisk.

A Memetic Algorithm for the multi-product Production Routing Problem

This article addresses the Production Routing Problem (PRP), which consists of determining, in an integrated way, production and inventory planning, and vehicle routing to minimize the costs involved. In the problem, a plant is responsible for producing several types of products to meet the known demand of a set of customers using a homogeneous fleet of vehicles over the planning horizon. In the literature, evolutionary approaches have not been explored in depth for the PRP, specifically for the problem with multiple products. Thus, this work mitigates this gap, presenting a novel Memetic Algorithm and testing its effectiveness on randomly generated sets of instances, comparing the results obtained with a commercial optimization solver. In our solution approach, several classic operators from the literature were implemented. Furthermore, we propose four novel genetic operators. In addition, we evaluated the proposed method’s performance in classical instances of literature considering a single item. The computational experiments were carried out to assess the impact of the numerous parameter combinations involving the metaheuristic, and, from statistical analyses, we evidence the proposed technique’s robustness. Computational experiments showed that our proposed method outperforms the commercial solver Gurobi in determining feasibly high-quality solutions, mainly on large instances for the PRP with multiple items.

PRACTICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCTION OF SELF-BUILD KIT HOUSE SYSTEM

Prototypes and Practical test types were designed and constructed step by step to develop the self-built kit house system “DEL Model” which open the all housing process to the general public. Presenting the system conditions and specification selection indexes for the required performance, comprehensive systematized specifications was presented with a multifaceted analysis conducted for each complex issue in addition to each single specification item.

666-P: How Satisfied Are People with Type 2 Diabetes with a Basal Insulin Titration App? Findings from the Intervention Group of a Randomized Controlled Trial

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the myDoseCoach app, an insulin titration app for basal insulin for people with type 2 diabetes. We asked app users in this study to evaluate the quality of the app via a modified version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). A total of 120 participants (median age: 60.0 yrs; A1C 8.1%; BMI 31.8 kg/m², diabetes duration 10.0 yrs., 39.0% female) of the intervention arm completed the MARS. Reliability of the 11 item version was high with Cronbach’s α = 0.915. Mean MARS rating was 4.4 (range 1-5), indicating a rather high quality rating. Less than 10% indicated a low quality of the app (rating &amp;lt;3); 10% were indifferent and more that 70% rated the quality of the app as “4” or higher. Figure 1 shows the ratings of the 11 single items. Bivariate correlations showed that neither older age (r=-0.064; p=0.322) nor gender (r=0.102; p=0.180) were significantly associated with the quality rating. The results indicate that the vast majority of the app users evaluated the quality of the App positively with regard to its engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information quality. Disclosure D.Ehrmann: Advisory Panel; Roche Diabetes Care, mySugr, Dexcom, Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Berlin-Chemie AG, Dexcom, Inc. N.Hermanns: Advisory Panel; Insulet Corporation, Research Support; Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Roche Diagnostics, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Speaker's Bureau; Dexcom, Inc., Berlin-Chemie AG. T.Roos: None. K.Finke-groene: None. B.Kulzer: Advisory Panel; Berlin-Chemie AG, Abbott Diabetes, Bayer Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Insulet Corporation, embecta, Research Support; Sanofi, Roche Diabetes Care. Funding Sanofi

Capacitated lot sizing problem with periodic carbon emission constraints and multiple resources

We study the single item capacitated lot sizing problem with multiple resources and periodic carbon emission constraints that impose an upper bound for the average emission per product produced in any period. Although the uncapacitated version of this problem can be solved in polynomial time, generalisation of the problem including the resource capacities is NP-Hard, in general. We present important structural properties for the optimal solutions of the problem. We consider the special cases with two resources and under non-speculative costs, construct the piecewise linear total production cost function when the resource capacities, and the emission and cost parameters are time-invariant, and develop a polynomial time dynamic programming algorithm (DP) to solve them. Then, we generalise the procedure to construct the total production cost function and the DP for the general setting with fixed number of capacitated resources. We test our algorithm for different problem instances, and compare it with a commercial solver and a DP available in the literature for solving the lot sizing problem with piecewise concave production cost functions. The results reveal that our DP outperforms the other one, and it performs better than the commercial solver when the number of breakpoints of the total production cost function is small.

Entrepreneurship education, family entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention among students in Indonesia

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and students’ intentions and tests for moderating effects of students’ perceived experience and family entrepreneurial orientation, which may strengthen or weaken the effect of entrepreneurship education on intention.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a questionnaire from 584 students in the vocational program at an Indonesian public university. Entrepreneurship education was measured using instruments by Walter and Block (2016) that evaluated the entrepreneurship education provided by faculty. Entrepreneurial intention used a measurement by Vamvaka (2020), which measured students’ choice of intention, entrepreneurial career commitment and nascent entrepreneurship.FindingsEntrepreneurship education has a positive association with students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The results also evidence higher entrepreneurial intention levels in students from families oriented toward and experienced in entrepreneurship. The results also reveal that student experience and having friends who become entrepreneurs reduce entrepreneurial intention, but the difference is not statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this survey is that it was drawn from a single university in Indonesia with only domestic students, whilst the study was also designed cross-sectional. Therefore, the generalisability of the results is still limited. This study uses a single item for measuring friends and own influences, which only measure personal experiences. A more multidimensional measure of family, friends and own influence can be further developed to gain more robust results supporting these findings.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to understanding the role of family-related variables, particularly family entrepreneurial orientation and experiences, on the development of entrepreneurship education and intention in emerging global market forces. Through family engagement in entrepreneurship education, a family can boost students’ entrepreneurial intention by delivering various capitals (e.g. business value, financial and social capital) and providing practical learning. The results imply the necessity to conduct new subjects, courses or university programmes that can include family-related business in entrepreneurship education.Originality/valueDespite the expansion of research related to entrepreneurship education and intention, the relationships between perceived experience, family entrepreneurial orientation and students’ entrepreneurial intentions have not been adequately studied, particularly in Indonesia. This work contributes to the existing knowledge of entrepreneurship education by providing two moderator variables that may boost entrepreneurial intention: perceived experience and family entrepreneurial orientation. This work demonstrated how perceived experience and family orientation interact with entrepreneurship education and intention.

Improving clinical diagnostic accuracy and management of False penile fractures characterizing typical clinical presentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeFalse penile fractures (FPF) represent a rare sexual emergency characterized by blunt trauma of penis in the absence of albuginea’s injury, with or without lesion of dorsal penile vein. Their presentation is often indistinguishable from true penile fractures (TPF). This overlapping of clinical presentation, and lack of knowledge about FPF, can lead surgeons often to proceed directly to surgical exploration without further examinations. The aim of this study was to define a typical presentation of false penile fractures (FPF) emergency, identifying in absence of “snap” sound, slow detumescence, penile shaft ecchymosis, and penile deviation main clinical signs.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis based on Medline, Scopus and Cochrane following a protocol designed a priori, to define sensitivity of “snap” sound absence, slow detumescence and penile deviation.ResultsBased on the literature search of 93 articles, 15 were included (73 patients). All patients referred pain, most of them during coitus (n = 57; 78%). Detumescence occurred in 37/73 (51%), and all patients described detumescence occurrence as “slow”. The results show that single anamnestic item have a high-moderate sensibility in the diagnosis of FPF, and the highest sensitive item was penile deviation (sensibility = 0.86). However, when more than one item is present, overall sensitivity increases greatly, closing to 100% (95% Confidence Interval 92–100).ConclusionSurgeons can consciously decide between additional exams, a conservative approach, and rapid intervention using these indicators to detect FPF. Our findings identified symptoms with excellent specificity for FPF diagnosis, giving clinicians more useful tools for making decisions.

Multi-agent planning and coordination for automated aircraft ground handling

Inspired by the vision of fully autonomous airside operations at Schiphol airport, this study aims to contribute to the short-term goal of automated aircraft ground handling. In this research, we design and evaluate a multi-agent system for planning of automated ground handling. There are two main components in the system: task allocation optimization and multi-agent path planning. To allocate tasks to ground support equipment (GSE) vehicles, an auction mechanism inspired by temporal sequential single item (TeSSI) auction is proposed. Ground handling tasks scheduling for GSE vehicles is modeled as several single-vehicle pickup and delivery optimization problems (SPDP), and the values of the objective functions are used to generate bids for GSE vehicle agents in the auction. Prioritized safe interval path planning for large agents (LA-SIPP) is used to plan collision-free paths for GSE vehicle agents in the model to execute tasks. The aim is to increase the success rates of allocating tasks and finding collision free paths without causing flight delays, given the limited resources such as a small number of available GSE vehicles, time windows constraints and conflicting interests of different agents. Due to the results, even for the instances with frequent flights and the most limited resources, the success rates of allocation and path planning were higher than 81% and 98%, respectively. Furthermore, periodic task allocation and path planning of the ground handling tasks for flights in three aircraft stands during a planning time window of the day, as well as replanning in case of disruptions were performed in a short CPU time. There is a lack of research dealing with the complete process of ground handling, since existing studies concerning the automation of ground handling operations involve fleet assignment or task scheduling models without an integration of detailed path planning. Our main contribution is to present a framework that combines task allocation and path planning for automation of ground handling operations and provides solutions using a multi-agent perspective.

The Nurse Perceived Adequacy of Staffing Scale for general hospital wards: A development and psychometric validation study

BackgroundAdequate staffing is crucial for high quality patient care and nurses’ wellbeing. Nurses’ professional assessment on adequacy of staffing is the gold standard in measuring staffing adequacy. However, available measurement instruments lack reliability and validity. ObjectivesTo develop and psychometrically test an instrument to measure nurses’ perceived adequacy of staffing (PAS) of general hospital wards. DesignA multicenter cross-sectional psychometric instrument development and validation study using item response theory. SettingsTen general nursing wards in three teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. ParticipantsA sample of 881 participants, including third and fourth year nursing students and nurse/care assistants. MethodsThe 13-item self-reported questionnaire was developed based on a previous Delphi study and two focus groups. We interviewed five nurses to evaluate the content validity of the instrument. The field test for psychometric evaluation was conducted on ten general wards of three teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. Structural validity of the item bank was examined by fitting a graded response model (GRM) and inspecting GRM fit. Measurement invariance was assessed by evaluating differential item functioning (DIF) of education level and work experience. We examined convergent validity by testing the hypothesis that there was at least a moderate correlation between the PAS instrument and a single item measuring adequacy of staffing. Internal consistency and reliability across the scale were also examined. ResultsA total of 881 measurements were included in the analysis. The data fitted the GRM adequately and item fit statistics were good. DIF was detected for work experience for the protocols item, but the impact on total scores was negligible. The hypothesis was confirmed and the item bank reliably measured two standard deviations around the mean. ConclusionsThe Nurse Perceived Adequacy of Staffing Scale (NPASS) for nurses of general hospital wards in the Netherlands has sufficient reliability and validity and is ready for use in nurse staffing research and practice.

A Transgender Health Information Resource: Participatory Design Study

Background Despite the abundance of health information on the internet for people who identify as transgender and gender diverse (TGD), much of the content used is found on social media channels, requiring individuals to vet the information for relevance and quality. Objective We developed a prototype transgender health information resource (TGHIR) delivered via a mobile app to provide credible health and wellness information for people who are TGD. Methods We partnered with the TGD community and used a participatory design approach that included focus groups and co-design sessions to identify users’ needs and priorities. We used the Agile software development methodology to build the prototype. A medical librarian and physicians with expertise in transgender health curated a set of 97 information resources that constituted the foundational content of the prototype. To evaluate the prototype TGHIR app, we assessed the app with test users, using a single item from the System Usability Scale to assess feature usability, cognitive walk-throughs, and the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale to evaluate the app’s objective and subjective quality. Results A total of 13 people who identified as TGD or TGD allies rated their satisfaction with 9 of 10 (90%) app features as good to excellent, and 1 (10%) of the features—the ability to filter to narrow TGHIR resources—was rated as okay. The overall quality score on the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale was 4.25 out of 5 after 4 weeks of use, indicating a good-quality mobile app. The information subscore received the highest rating, at 4.75 out of 5. Conclusions Community partnership and participatory design were effective in the development of the TGHIR app, resulting in an information resource app with satisfactory features and overall high-quality ratings. Test users felt that the TGHIR app would be helpful for people who are TGD and their care partners.

Nursing students' academic conditions, psychological distress, and intention to leave school: A cross-sectional study

Psychological distress and intention to leave school are highly prevalent among nursing students. Academic conditions, including psychosocial stressors and school-work-life conflicts, could contribute to psychological distress and intention to leave school. To explore the associations between academic conditions and 1) psychological distress and 2) intention to leave school. Cross-sectional correlational design. Data collection was performed in February and October 2021 in two nursing schools in Canada: Cegep (publicly funded college, technical degree) and university (bachelor's degree). 230 nursing students (Cegep 131, university 99). A self-administered online questionnaire assessed academic conditions (psychosocial stressors (Demand-Control-Support, Effort-Reward Imbalance and Overcommitment scales) and school-work-life conflicts (single item)), psychological distress (Kessler-6 scale), intention to leave school, and several covariates. Poisson robust multivariate regression models were built to explore the associations between academic conditions and 1) psychological distress and 2) intention to leave school. A large proportion of participants experienced high efforts, school-work-life conflicts, overcommitment, and psychological distress (49.5-84.7%). One out of five participants had had intention to leave school "many times" (Cegep 20.61%; university 22.22%). In adjusted analysis, overcommitment and school-work-life conflicts were associated with a higher prevalence of psychological distress (Prevalence ratio=2.10; 95% Confidence Intervals=1.15-3.84 and Prevalence ratio=2.32; 95% Confidence Intervals=1.24-4.32, respectively). Adverse associations were observed between effort-reward imbalance (Prevalence ratio=2.32; 95% Confidence Intervals=1.09-4.94) as well as school-work-life conflicts (Prevalence ratio=2.40; 95% Confidence Intervals=1.05-5.45) and intention to leave school. Academic conditions might be risk factors for psychological distress and intention to leave school among nursing students. Interventions targeting modifiable academic conditions might improve nursing students' mental health and retention.

Validation of the Subjective Spine Value: A new single item score for the assessment of spine-specific function

BackgroundSpinal function can be assessed through different patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate a novel single-item score for the assessment of spinal function: The Subjective Spine Value (SSpV). It was hypothesized that the SSpV correlates with the established scores Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI).MethodsBetween 08/2020 and 11/2021 151 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled and completed a questionnaire with the ODI, COMI as well as the SSpV. Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on their specific pathology (Group 1: Degenerative pathologies, Group 2: Tumor, Group 3: Inflammatory / Infection, Group 4: Trauma). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between the SSpV and the ODI and COMI separately. Floor and ceiling effects were evaluated.ResultsOverall, the SSpV correlated significantly with both ODI (p = < 0.001; r = − 0.640) and COMI (p = < 0.001; r = − 0.640). This was also observed across all investigated groups (range − 0.420–0.736). No relevant floor or ceiling effects were noticed.ConclusionsThe SSpV is a valid single-item score for the assessment of spinal function. The SSpV offers a useful tool to efficiently assess spinal function in a variety of spinal pathologies.Level of evidenceI, prospective cohort study.

Long-term follow-up of a multimodal day clinic, group-based treatment program for patients with very high risk for complex posttraumatic stress disorder, and for patients with non-complex trauma-related disorders.

The present study examined the follow-up of a multimodal day clinic group-based therapy program for patients with trauma-related disorders and investigated potential differences for patients with classic PTSD versus cPTSD. Sixty-six patients were contacted 6 and 12 months after discharge of our 8-week program and completed various questionnaires (Essen Trauma Inventory (ETI), Beck Depression Inventory-Revised (BDI-II), Screening scale of complex PTSD (SkPTBS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-Somatization, as well as single items to therapy utilization and life events in the interim period). Due to organizational reasons a control group could not be included. Statistical analyses included repeated-measures ANOVA with cPTSD as between-subject factor. The reduction of depressive symptoms at discharge was persistent at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Somatization symptoms were increased at discharge, but were leveled out at 6 months follow-up. The same effect was found for cPTSD symptoms in those patients with non-complex trauma-related disorders: Their increase of cPTSD symptoms was flattened at 6 months follow-up. Patients with a very high risk for cPTSD showed a strong linear reduction of cPTSD symptoms from admission to discharge and 6 months follow-up. cPTSD patients had a higher symptom load compared to patients without cPTSD on all time points and scales. Multimodal, day clinic trauma-focused treatment is associated with positive changes even after 6 and 12 months. Positive therapy outcomes (reduced depression, reduced cPTSD symptoms for patients with a very high risk for cPTSD) could be maintained. However, PTSD symptomatology was not significantly reduced. Increases in somatoform symptoms were leveled out and can therefore be regarded as side effects of treatment, which may be connected with actualization of trauma in the intensive psychotherapeutic treatment. Further analyses should be applied in larger samples and a control group.

Reconstructing individual responses to direct questions: a new method for reconstructing malingered responses.

The false consensus effect consists of an overestimation of how common a subject opinion is among other people. This research demonstrates that individual endorsement of questions may be predicted by estimating peers' responses to the same question. Moreover, we aim to demonstrate how this prediction can be used to reconstruct the individual's response to a single item as well as the overall response to all of the items, making the technique suitable and effective for malingering detection. We have validated the procedure of reconstructing individual responses from peers' estimation in two separate studies, one addressing anxiety-related questions and the other to the Dark Triad. The questionnaires, adapted to our scopes, were submitted to the groups of participants for a total of 187 subjects across both studies. Machine learning models were used to estimate the results. According to the results, individual responses to a single question requiring a "yes" or "no" response are predicted with 70-80% accuracy. The overall participant-predicted score on all questions (total test score) is predicted with a correlation of 0.7-0.77 with actual results. The application of the false consensus effect format is a promising procedure for reconstructing truthful responses in forensic settings when the respondent is highly likely to alter his true (genuine) response and true responses to the tests are missing.

#3605 TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS: A COMPARISON OF POLISH AND JAPANESE MEDICATION PATTERNS

Abstract Background and Aims Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease and fourth case of kidney failure worldwide. Treatment options for ADPKD include therapy with vasopressin (ADH) receptor 2 antagonist, nephroprotection, and eventually renal replacement therapy. The earliest and most prevalent systemic complication of ADPKD is hypertension. The pathogenesis of hypertension in ADPKD is multifactorial, including endothelial dysfunction and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) is expected to decrease the left ventricular hypertrophy and proteinuria in ADPKD patients, according to HALT-PKD study. Data about preferences of second choice therapy and safety of other medications is lacking. Diuretics are commonly prescribed drugs in essential hypertension but carry risk of provoking ADH stimulation that may be potentially harmful in ADPKD because ADH stimulates cyst proliferation. We analyzed real-life data on antihypertensive prescriptions to determine and compare trends in treatment of hypertension in ADPKD patients in Poland and Japan. Method Patterns of antihypertensive prescriptions of ACEi, ARB, and diuretics were analyzed in patients from Poland (n = 131, median age 40 years; data 2014-2019) and Japan (n = 180, median age 44 years, data 2005-2017) diagnosed with ADPKD. The number of different medications used in combination was counted. For diuretics, even if multiple diuretics were used, they were counted as a single item. Furthermore, combination drug products were decomposed into their individual components, which were counted as either antihypertensive drugs or diuretics, respectively. Results The patterns of the number of prescriptions of antihypertensive drugs were similar in the two countries, see Figure 1. In Polish patients, the commonest pattern was no antihypertensive drugs (45.0%), followed by one (28.2%), two (16.8%), three (9.2%), and four (0.8%) prescriptions. In Japanese patients, the corresponding figures were: no antihypertensive drugs (41.1%), followed by one (32.2%), two (20.6%), three (4.4%), and four (1.7%) prescriptions in decreasing order. ACEi and ARBs were used for more than half of the patients, both Polish and Japanese. The utilization of ACEi/ARB in Polish individuals as a first-choice medication was 78.4% (75.0% in men, 81.0% in women) while in Japan 65.5% (66.7% in men, 63.2% in women). When patients were prescribed 3 or more antihypertensive drugs, ACEi/ARB was chosen in 100%, in both countries. Regarding diuretics, 15.3% of Polish patients and 6.7% of Japanese patients used them. Among patients who had one antihypertensive drug, 7.6% of Polish and 2.2% of Japanese patients also used diuretics. 44.2% of Polish and 38.9% of Japanese did not use either antihypertensive drugs or diuretics. Conclusion The patterns of number of prescriptions of antihypertensive drugs were similar among ADPKD patients in Poland and Japan while the use of diuretics was more common in Polish than in Japanese patients. In both countries, ACEi/ARB was the most frequent choice, which is in concordance with current recommendations. Unexpectedly, anti-RAAS were as frequently prescribed in women than in men, suggesting that the teratogenicity risk of the drugs did not limit access to the benefits of the treatment in both sexes.

Combining Physical and Cognitive Functions to Discriminate Level of Gait Independence in Hospitalized Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Introduction: Both physical and cognitive functions are required to be assessed to determine the level of gait independence in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD); nonetheless, a method to achieve this assessment has not been established. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of an assessment method that combined muscle strength, balance ability, and cognitive function parameters in discriminating the level of gait independence in a real-world setting in hospitalized patients with AD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 63 patients with AD (mean age: 86.1 ± 5.8 years) were classified into three groups according to their gait level: independent, modified independent (independent walking with walking aids), and dependent groups. Discrimination accuracy was calculated for single items of muscle strength, balance ability, and cognitive function tests and for combinations of each. Results: The combined accuracy of muscle strength, balance ability, and cognitive function had a positive predictive value of 100.0% and a negative predictive value of 67.7% between the independent and modified independent groups. The positive and negative predictive values were 100.0% and 72.4%, respectively, between the modified independent and dependent groups. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of assessing the level of gait independence in a real-world setting in patients with AD from the perspective of both physical and cognitive functions and proposes a novel method for discriminating an optimal state.