Single Integration Research Articles

СУЩЕСТВОВАНИЕ В НАСТОЯЩЕМ КАК ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА

The purpose of the article is to develop an ontological understanding and interpretation of the existence of real world objects in the present mode, to determine the essence, properties and ontological status of the Present. The author identifies and analyzes contradictions in various approaches to understanding being and reality in the present. The essence of the problem is the contradiction of the idea of the inactivity of the moment of the present time, which gives rise to its denial («there is no present») and the procedural representation of being, the idea of the duration of the processes, the course of the movement, which, as it is customary to think, in the present. The study is conducted mainly within the framework of realistic ontology, which recognizes the authenticity of the existence of real material things and social objects as single integrations. A phenomenological approach is also used to identify the forms and methods of the primary pre-reflexive given reality of the Present to human consciousness. At the same time, the methods of research are representation, comparison, ontological analysis, interpretation and reinterpretation of various interpretations of the Present and time as a whole. The article presents various interpretations of the essence of the Present. The theoretical contradictions of the concept of the idle Present, presented as one state of existence and its inconsistency with reality, are revealed and shown. The argument is given to the impossibility of realizing the existence of things and the world as a whole on the basis of the idea of the idle Present. The author justifies the idea of the existence of the Past in the present on the basis of a synthesis of various interpretations of the interpenetration of the reality of these temporary modes. The dilemma of the ratio of competing ideas about the inactivity of the Present and the movement taking place in it is solved by the provision that in the Present not a particular state of the world continues (lasts), but the process of changing these states itself, which «moves» the Present to the last place in the non-spatial temporal order of successive states. Scientific novelty in solving the problem is manifested in justifying the modification of the idea of being in the Present within the framework of the dynamic concept of time by the provision on various forms and methods of the existence of the Past in the Present. The author concludes that such synthesis is possible and necessary.

Generalized Gibbons-Werner method for stationary spacetimes

The Gibbons-Werner (GW) method is a powerful approach in studying the gravitational deflection of particles moving in curved spacetimes. The application of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem (GBT) to integral regions constructed in a two-dimensional manifold enables the deflection angle to be expressed and calculated from the perspective of geometry. However, different techniques are required for different scenarios in the practical implementation which leads to different GW methods. For the GW method for stationary axially symmetric (SAS) spacetimes, we identify two problems: (a) the integral region is generally infinite, which is ill-defined for some asymptotically nonflat spacetimes whose metric possesses singular behavior, and (b) the intricate double and single integrals bring about complicated calculation, especially for highly accurate results and complex spacetimes. To address these issues, a generalized GW method is proposed in which the infinite region is replaced by a flexible region to avoid the singularity, and a simplified formula involving only a single integral of a simple integrand is derived by discovering a significant relationship between the integrals in conventional methods. Our method provides a comprehensive framework for describing the GW method for various scenarios. Additionally, the generalized GW method and simplified calculation formula are applied to three different kinds of spacetimes — Kerr spacetime, Kerr-like black hole in bumblebee gravity, and rotating solution in conformal Weyl gravity. The first two cases have been previously computed by other researchers, affirming the effectiveness and superiority of our approach. Remarkably, the third case is newly examined, yielding a innovative result for the first time.

Bearing-Constrained Leader-Follower Formation of Single-Integrators With Disturbance Rejection: Adaptive Variable-Structure Approaches.

This article studies the problem of stabilizing a leader-follower formation specified by a set of bearing constraints while disturbed by some unknown uniformly bounded disturbances. A set of leaders are positioned at their desired positions while each follower is modeled by a single integrator with an additive time-varying disturbance. Adaptive variable-structure control laws using displacements or only bearing vectors are applied to stabilize the desired formation. Thanks to the adaptive mechanisms, the proposed control laws require neither information on the bearing Laplacian nor the directions and upper bounds of the disturbances. It is further proved that when the leaders are moving with the same bounded uniformly continuous velocity, the moving target formation can be achieved under the proposed control laws. Simulation results are provided to support the stability analysis.

Identifying molecular subtypes of breast cancer using single cell RNA-seq data integration and random forest classification

Identifying molecular subtypes of breast cancer using single cell RNA-seq data integration and random forest classification

Identifying Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer using Single Cell RNA-Seq Data Integration and Random Forest Classification

Identifying Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer using Single Cell RNA-Seq Data Integration and Random Forest Classification

Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking With Dynamics Subject to Disturbance of Unknown Frequencies Over Jointly Strongly Connected Switching Networks

In this paper, we study the problem of distributed Nash equilibrium seeking of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> -player games with single integrator dynamics subject to disturbances generated by an uncertain exosystem. Similar problems have been studied for games with single integrator dynamics subject to disturbances generated by a known exosystem. In addition, this paper offers some other new features. First, the existing results only apply to static, connected, and undirected graphs while the result of this paper applies to jointly strongly connected switching graphs, which can be disconnected at every time instant. Second, the existing results are asymptotic or ultimately uniformly bounded, while our result guarantees the exponential convergence when the exosystem is known. Third, the validity of existing results relies on an inequality involving some Lipschitz constant and the smallest nonzero eigenvalue of the Laplacian of the network graph. In contrast, the result of this paper is unconditional other than satisfying the same assumptions on the cost functions as those in the literature. Our design is illustrated by an application to velocity-actuated robots in sensor networks.

Design and Experimental Study of Single Plant Harvester for Potato Breeding Experiments

In order to solve the current problems of time-consuming manual work and low harvesting efficiency during the harvesting of potato breeding trials and the inability of traditional harvesting machinery to meet the requirements of potato single plant harvesting, a single plant harvester for potato breeding with a combined excavation device and a conveying and separating device with alternating concave and straight units is designed. This paper analyzes the force, motion, and collision of potato plants in the digging transition stage and conveying and separating stage. The key factors affecting the rate of single plant integrity and the rate of injured potatoes are determined. A three-factor quadratic regression orthogonal rotating combination experiment is conducted with the rate of single plant integrity and the rate of injured potatoes as experiment indexes, forward speed, conveying speed to forward speed ratio, and the rotational speed of the rear-vibration device as influencing factors. Based on the experiment results, a mathematical regression model is established, and response surface analysis and parametric analysis are conducted to determine that when the forward speed is 0.65 m∙s−1, the ratio of conveying speed to forward speed is 0.98, and the speed of the post-vibration device is 11.52 rad∙s−1, the single plant integrity rate is 97.14% and the rate of injured potatoes is 0.67%. The machine can better meet the requirements of potato single plant harvesting and solve the problem of plant mixing. From the perspective of potato damage rate, potato breeding harvesters are also suitable for traditional potato harvesting.

Civilizational Approach to the Study of Ethnocultural Identity Problem

The problem of ethnocultural identity as a person’s idea of oneself, formed when a person realizes one’s own involvement in a particular ethnic group according to certain parameters of ethnogenesis: racial-biological (ancestral roots), climatic-geographical (historical territory) and sociocultural (the history of one’s people, ethnic symbols of culture and religion, etc.) – is directly related to the problem of studying cultural and historical features of individual countries and regions development in the context of a civilizational approach. The purpose of this work is a theoretical analysis of the civilizational approach, the possibility of its application in the study of the problem of young people’s ethnocultural identity formation based on folk traditions, customs and rituals. The source of the material was articles published in periodicals (Identities-Global Studies in Culture and Power, Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, European Journal of Social Theory, etc., as well as publications of famous researchers (Vengerov A.B., Kornetov G.B., Panarin A.S., Toynbee A.J., Spengler, O., Huntington S.P., etc.). The following general scientific research methods are used to achieve the goal: analysis of scientific sources and synthesis of various theories and concepts on the research problem, their comparison, generalization of research results, identification of features of the civilizational approach in terms of studying possible ways of ethnocultural identity formation were used. The application of dialectical analysis of the designated problem allowed the authors to study ethnocultural identity phenomenon in the universal interrelation of philosophical, sociological and pedagogical sciences, to identify patterns and trends inherent in the process of ethnocultural identity formation, which combined all the versatile aspects into a single integrity and revealed on the basis of this a general holistic picture of the process of ethnocultural identity formation. Possible directions in the work on this phenomenon formation are identified: reliance on mankind’s cumulative experience, on the achievements of all sciences and culture in general; the study of ethnoculture and all its structural elements; the study of the world historical and pedagogical process in the center of which is a person who masters the culture created by previous generations and transforms this culture and oneself in the course of this development. The significance of the obtained results is that the civilizational approach allows, firstly, to carry out a retrospective analysis of the problem of young people’s ethnocultural identity formation based on folk traditions, customs and rituals in the context of the dynamics of the past, present and future; secondly, to justify the need to form young people’s ethnocultural identity formation based on folk traditions, customs and rituals as one of the significant components in the system of individual’s self-image; thirdly, to substantiate the possibility of using ethnoculture, the core of which are traditions, customs and rituals as the basic values of each nation, in the process of young people’s ethnocultural identity formation in modern sociocultural conditions.

Valuation of Commodity-Linked Bond with Stochastic Convenience Yield, Stochastic Volatility, and Credit Risk in an Intensity-Based Model

In this study, we consider an intensity-based model for pricing a commodity-linked bond with credit risk. Recently, the pricing of a commodity-linked bond with credit risk under the structural model has been studied. We extend the result using an intensity-based model, stochastic volatility model, and stochastic convenience yield model. In the intensity-based model, the credit event by the counterparty occurs at the time of first jump in a stochastic Poisson process, in which intensity is modeled as the sum of two CIR prosesses. We assume that the underlying asset follows the stochastic volatility and convenience yield models. Using the measure change technique, we explicitly derive the commodity-linked bond pricing formula in the proposed model. As a result, we provide the explicit solution for the price of the commodity-linked bond with stochastic convenience yield, stochastic volatility, and credit risk as single integrations. In addition, we present several examples to demonstrate the effects of significant parameters on the value of commodity-linked bond using numerical integration. In particular, examples are provided, focusing on the behavior of prices based on effects of recovery rate.

Swarm Trajectories Generation for Target Capturing With Uncertain Information

This work describes a methodology to generate trajectories for a swarm of agents, modeled as single integrators, for achieving target capturing/enclosing and containment. The discussed method proposes a robust solution which relaxes the strong assumptions about the exact knowledge of the target information. In particular, each agent requires a rough estimation of the reference, with an a-priori known bounded error both on the position and the velocity. It is shown that the swarm can be properly guided to enter a given capturing region while remaining outside a defined distancing region around the target. Steady-state analysis for velocity consensus is also provided for the case in which the reference information is exactly known by the agents.

Study of an improved single neuron PID control algorithm in the Tokamak plasma density control system

Tokamak is an important device for controlled nuclear fusion research. The plasma electronic density control system (PEDCS) is an important system for controlling the Tokamak discharge process, which should be of high stability, rapidity, and accuracy. Gas seeding systems are widely used in many Tokamak devices to achieve plasma electronic density control. According to the mechanism model analysis for the plasma electronic density object, an adapted single neuron proportion integration differentiation (PID) control algorithm with the radial basis function (RBF) neural network tuning is studied. The principle and the implementation of the intelligent control algorithm are described in detail in this paper. The intelligent controller enables the system to optimize the PID parameters online according to the density state in the discharge process. The experimental results show that the adapted algorithm achieves a good control effect and also improves the control performance. The proposed method provides a useful reference for Tokamak devices and other similar control systems.

Lenslet-array-based snapshot hyperspectral imaging polarimeter using opposite spectral modulation

We present a lenslet-array-based snapshot hyperspectral imaging polarimeter (LSHIP) that integrates spectral polarization modulation (SPM) into integral field imaging spectrometry. The LSHIP can simultaneously acquire three-dimensional spatial and spectral data-cubes for linear Stokes parameters in a single snapshot without any moving parts. The dual-scan technique is achieved through a custom-fabricated Wollaston prism that can simultaneously generate pairs of micro-spectra with opposite spectral modulations, maintaining the system's intrinsic spectral resolution during intensity spectrum reconstruction. We describe the principle and experimental setup of the LSHIP, as well as the system calibration and validation using measurements of polarized color blocks and a sphere made of polytetrafluoroethylene material. The prototype can cover the spectral range of 450–650 nm with 157 sample points, capturing approximately 3700 SPM micro-spectra spatially distributed on the detector in a single integration time. These results demonstrate the potential of the LSHIP for various applications, including remote sensing and biomedical diagnosis.

Port supply chain integration under mixed ownership

In the port supply chain, vertical integration between ports and shipping lines is no longer confined to private integration, but is more likely performed as a hybrid integration between public ports and private shipping lines. In this study, we consider port supply chain integration between a public or private port and its shipping line, which provides differentiated services in the shipping market, and investigate shipping lines’ competition contracts under mixed ownership. We show that if shipping lines choose a volume contract, double vertical integration between two ports and their corresponding shipping lines yields the highest welfare; however, if shipping lines choose a price contract, single private integration can yield the highest welfare. We also endogenize the supply chain integration and find that a double integration-and then-price contract is socially beneficial only when the private share of a mixed merger is low while the shipping service substitutability is neither high nor low. Our findings suggest that government ownership of a public port can serve as an efficient tool for port policy in the context of port supply chain integration.

Optimal Allocation of Distribution Static Synchronous Compensators in Distribution Networks Considering Various Load Models Using the Black Widow Optimization Algorithm

Incorporating Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) units into the radial distribution network (RDN) represents a practical approach to providing reactive compensation, minimizing power loss, and enhancing voltage profile and stability. This research introduces a unique optimization technique called the Black Widow Optimization (BWO) algorithm for strategically placing DSTATCOM units within the RDN. The primary objective is to minimize power loss while simultaneously evaluating various techno-economic parameters such as the voltage profile index (VPI), voltage stability index (VSI), and annual cost savings. The analysis of optimal DSTATCOM allocation, employing the proposed BWO algorithm, encompasses different load models, including constant impedance (CZ), constant current (CI), constant power (CP), and composite (ZIP) models. These analyses consider three distinct scenarios: single and multiple DSTATCOM integration. To gauge the effectiveness of the proposed BWO technique, it is applied to the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus RDNs as test cases. Simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach across all four load models. Notably, in the case of the constant power model, the percentage reduction in power loss is substantial, with a reduction of 34.79% for the IEEE 33-bus RDN and 36.09% for the IEEE 69-bus RDN compared to their respective base cases.

Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares Method for Estimating Polyserial and Polychoric Correlation Coefficients

An iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) method is proposed for the estimation of polyserial and polychoric correlation coefficients in this article. It calculates the slopes in a series of weighted linear regression models fitting on conditional expected values. For polyserial correlation, conditional expectations of the latent predictor is derived from the observed ordinal categorical variable, and the regression coefficient is obtained with the weighted least squares method. In estimating polychoric correlation coefficient, conditional expectations of the response variable and the predictor are updated in turns. Standard errors of the estimators are obtained using the delta method based on data summaries instead of the whole data. Conditional univariate normal distribution is exploited and a single integral is numerically evaluated in the proposed algorithm, comparing to the double integral computed numerically based on the bivariate normal distribution in the traditional maximum likelihood (ML) approaches. This renders the new algorithm very fast in the estimation of both polyserial and polychoric correlation coefficients. Thorough simulation studies are conducted to compare the performances of the proposed method with the classical ML methods. Real data analyses illustrate the advantage of the new method in computing speed. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

One-point quadrature of higher-order finite and virtual elements in nonlinear analysis

In the present article, a stability- and consistency-preserving integration scheme for polynomial Galerkin approaches of arbitrary order is presented. The basis is formed by Taylor series expansions of the stresses with respect to the strains, which in turn are expanded towards the spatial directions. With a split of the material and geometric nonlinearities and the assumption of a material behavior linearly variable within an element, the strain energy in elements of arbitrary shape and polynomial order can be evaluated exactly. Therefore, geometric moments have to be calculated in preprocessing, requiring only evaluations of derivatives at a single integration point during the analysis. The moments can be effectively integrated analytically over the boundary of the elements. As one of the manifold applications, the use in the context of second order virtual elements is elaborated for which the assembly time can be significantly reduced. The combination with the automatic differentiation and expression optimization software AceGen provides performant element routines. In the numerical examples, the integration scheme shows promising accuracy and makes the application in more complex material models up to computational homogenization attractive.

Cyber-Physical Multi-Robot Formation: Virtual Agents Approach and Low-Cost Experiments

A cyber-physical formation includes all the strategies to coordinate mobile robots moving in different physical workspaces sharing information through internet and the cloud. This work addresses a formation scheme of robots moving in two different workspaces. The control strategy is based on virtual agents used like ”avatars” which must converge to the position of the robots in the opposite workspace. The control approach is designed for robots modeled as single integrators and extended to the case of unicycle-type robots. Results of numerical simulations and real experiments are shown using a low-cost cyber-physical micro-robot platform based on a camera as position and orientation sensor.

A line loss reduction optimization for renewable energy‐based distribution networks using a probabilistic approach

SummaryThe large integration of distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicles (EVs) facilitates daily life and reduces carbon emissions. However, it brings problems such as increased uncertainty and power electronic permeability to the distribution network. In this context, it is important to solve the line loss optimization problem as closely as possible to the real situation. Therefore, this paper solves the line loss optimization problem based on a probabilistic model of three‐phase unbalanced modern power electrical distribution network. Firstly, the paper proposes a frequency domain model of the distribution network and the optimization problem model. Then, to deal with the uncertainty of the system, the point estimation method (PEM) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) are used. Finally, this paper proposes two optimization schemes considering the power quality when single and multiple DGs are integrated. The simulation results demonstrate that the PEM using the Gram–Charlier series expansion of the fourth‐order statistical moments to estimate the probability density function (PDF) is significantly less time consuming than the traditional MCS method while maintaining accuracy. The comparative analysis reveals that under the optimization scheme with single DG integration, the expected value of system line loss and expected line loss rate are reduced from 283.95 kW to 218.96 kW (22.89% reduction) and from 13.44% to 10.68%, respectively. Under the dual DG integrated optimization scheme, the expected value of line losses and expected line loss rate are reduced from 283.95 kW to 208.88 kW (26.4% reduction) and from 13.44% to 10.25%, respectively. However, after taking the uncertainty into account, the operational reliability of the system has been enhanced under different scenarios. In addition, it is found that the optimization approach incorporating multiple DG units can effectively mitigate the system line loss under diverse operational scenarios while enhancing the system's DG integration capability.

Long-read sequencing of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma tumors reveal diverse patterns of high-risk Human Papillomavirus integration.

In North America and in most European countries, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for over 70% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. The burden of OPSCC, in high-income countries, has been steadily increasing over the past 20 years. As a result, in the USA and in the UK, the burden of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in men has now surpassed that of cervical cancer in women. However, the oncogenic impact of high-risk HPV integration in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas hasn't been extensively studied. The present study aimed to explore the patterns of HPV integration in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and to assess the feasibility and reliability of long-read sequencing technology in detecting viral integration events in oropharyngeal head and neck cancers. A cohort of eight HPV-positive OPSCC pre-treatment patient tumors (four males and four females), were selected. All patients received a p16INK4A positive OPSCC diagnosis and were treated at the McGill University Health Centre, a quaternary center in Montreal. A minimum of 20mg of tumor tissue was used for DNA extraction. Extracted DNA was subjected to Nanopore long-read sequencing to detect and analyze for the presence of high-risk HPV sequences. PCR and Sanger sequencing experiments were performed to confirm Nanopore long-read sequencing readings. Nanopore long-read sequencing showed that seven out of eight patient samples displayed either integrated or episomal high-risk HPV sequences. Out of these seven samples, four displayed verifiable integration events upon bioinformatic analysis. Integration confirmation experiments were designed for all four samples using PCR-based methods. Sanger sequencing was also performed. Four distinct HPV integration patterns were identified: concatemer chromosomal integration in a single chromosome, bi-chromosomal concatemer integration, single chromosome complete integration and bi-chromosomal complete integration. HPV concatemer integration also proved more common than full HPV integration events. Long-read sequencing technologies can be effectively used to assess HPV integration patterns in OPSCC tumors. Clinically, more research should be conducted on the prognostication value of high-risk HPV integration in OPSCC tumors using long-read sequencing technology.

Improved active-tracking performance through Hadamard speckle contrast reduction.

We report wave-optics simulation results and benchtop experimental findings that demonstrate reduced centroiding error through a Hadamard speckle contrast reduction (HSCR). The method involves projecting multiple orthogonal phase patterns onto an actively imaged object within a single camera resolution cell and integration time. Ideally, performance improves in proportion to the square root of the number of such phase realizations applied. Using 16 subpixels per camera pixel, our simulated track performance consistently meets this expectation with a decent experimental agreement, particularly at smaller object sizes. This outcome has promising implications for active tracking and wavefront sensing, extending the utility of HSCR beyond its known benefits to coherent image quality.