Single Index Method Research Articles

Optimal Portfolio Analysis on Stocks Listed in Lq45

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal portfolio of stocks that are listed in the LQ-45 period (January 2023 – January 2024) and compare the return and risk in stocks that are included in the LQ-45 but not included in the optimal portfolio. The method used is the Single Index Method, which uses the ERB (Excess Return to Beta) assessment reference. The results showed that out of 45 stocks there were 10 stocks that had large ERB, which were included in the optimal portfolio were GGRM, BBTN, KLBF, EXCL, ICBP, MAPI, UNVR, CPIN, INDF, and TBIG, which provided a return of 6.61% per year and a risk of 0.08% per year. Meanwhile, the remaining thirty-five stocks were made up as well as 10 other portfolios. Each of these portfolios consists of 10 randomly selected stocks. These ten portfolios yield higher returns than optimal portfolios. However, they also have a higher risk. The results of the comparison of the coefficient of variation between the optimal portfolio and the other 10 portfolios show that the optimal portfolio is the best portfolio

Research on the Analysis of and Countermeasures for the Eutrophication of Water Bodies: Waihu Reservoir as a Case Study

Water quality deterioration and eutrophication have become a global concern, while reservoir pollution caused by multiple factors has led to frequent algal blooms, posing a serious threat to rural drinking water security and urban water supply. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current water quality of Waihu Reservoir and use the single index method, the weighted comprehensive scoring method, and the nutrient level index method (TLI) to evaluate eutrophication. On this basis, the pollution sources of the reservoir are comprehensively analyzed and discussed, and effective control strategies are proposed. The evaluation results indicate that the reservoir is of moderate eutrophication type. Therefore, reducing the input of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in water is the main goal of alleviating exogenous pollution. The combination of engineering intervention and ecological restoration strategies to remove nutrients from the aquatic environment is an effective strategy to manage endogenous pollution. From the point of view of the source of pollution, this study provides an in-depth analysis of exogenous and endogenous pollution, respectively, and the proposed treatment is instructive for the control and routine management of eutrophication in the Waihu Reservoir, as well as for the management of similar problems in different reservoirs.

Geochemical characteristics and sources of heavy metal elements in the southern and western surface soils of Fengdu County, Chongqing

In order to explore the current situation and sources of heavy metal element pollution in the surface soil of the southern and western parts of Fengdu County, Chongqing. In this paper, the test and analysis results of 2955 surface soil samples collected from the project of "Chongqing Jiaoshi Dam Width, Liziwan Width, etc. a total of five 1:50,000 Land Quality Geological Survey" project were carried out. The single pollution index method and the land accumulation index method were used to evaluate the current status of heavy metal pollution in crops and soil. At the same time, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed. The results show that: (1) Compared with the soil heavy metal background in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the average values of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the study area are enriched to different degrees, except that the average content of Cr is lower than the background value. Among them, As, Cd and Hg elements were obviously enriched. (2) The calculation results of the single index of heavy metals in the surface soil showed that Cd pollution was the main in the area. Cu was only slightly to slightly polluted, and the number of lightly polluted samples accounted for only 0.07%. (3) The average Igeo trend of heavy metals in surface soil in the region was Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr. As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr were mainly non-slightly polluted. Cd and Hg elements were heavily polluted, but the sample accounted for a small proportion. The overall display area is dominated by Cd element pollution. (4) The source analysis results show that As, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr in the study area are mainly derived from the earth's crust. Its content is related to the geological setting. The pollution of Hg and Cd is likely to be affected by human activities, mainly from atmospheric deposition.

Soil Mercury Pollution of Hainan Island, China: Patterns, Influencing Factors, and Health Risks

Due to the rapid expansion of tourism, mining, and manufacturing, the economy of Hainan Island in southern China has experienced swift growth. However, it also brings the risk of soil pollution by mercury (Hg) as a result of increased traffic and mineral processing activities. In order to investigate the characteristics of soil Hg pollution in Hainan Island and assess the health risk, a total of 239 samples were gathered from five representative regions across the island. The findings indicate considerable fluctuations in the soil Hg concentration across the five sub-study areas, which are influenced by factors such as wind direction, mining activities, and economic development. Changjiang Li Autonomous County, situated in the downwind direction (NW) and rich in mineral resources, shows the highest soil Hg concentration (10.00–1582.50 ng·g−1). Following closely are Haikou and Sanya, the two most economically developed cities on the island, with soil Hg concentrations of 8.33–321.50 ng·g−1 and 6.04–180.50 ng·g−1, respectively. Wuzhishan Nature Reserve and Lingshui Li Autonomous County, located in the upwind area (SE), show the lowest concentrations, ranging between 10.70–104.67 ng·g−1 and 9.43–84.00 ng·g−1, respectively. Both the Single Pollution Index method and the Geo-accumulation Index method were employed to assess the level of Hg pollution. The results indicate that nearly half of the sampling sites are contaminated, in which the proportion of contaminated sites in Sanya and Haikou are the highest, but the level of contamination is low; the heavily contaminated sites are predominantly found in Changjiang Li Autonomous County. However, the low Health Risk Index (HI) ranging from 0.0001 to 0.0334 suggests that although the soil is contaminated with Hg, it does not pose a substantial non-carcinogenic risk to human health.

Eco-Engineering Technologies and Achievements of Projects for Reconstructing Landscape Water from Aquaculture Ponds in Shanghai

The post-evaluation of ecological redevelopment is a good way of describing its achievements. In this paper, eco-engineering techniques, including hydrodynamic circulation reconstruction, water purification treatment, and aquatic ecosystem restoration, along with plant harvesting management, have been applied to reconstruct landscape water from aquaculture ponds. Both sediments and water quality were sampled and tested for basic physicochemical parameters and heavy metals. The ecological redevelopment of landscape water reconstructed from aquaculture ponds was evaluated using the single and Nemero comprehensive pollution index methods. The results demonstrate that nutrients, including organic matter and organic nitrogen and their ratio to sediments, were confirmed to be in a state of moderate pollution, while the ecological risk of heavy metal pollution was relatively low. Although the concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly higher than those of other indexes, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, all presented obvious downward trends over time, and a majority of the water samples exhibited mild-to-moderate pollution levels. In general, this study provides a set of reference values for redeveloping water ecosystems from aquaculture ponds using eco-engineering technologies.

The Impact of Molybdenum Mining on Cd Pollution along Wenyu Stream in Qinling Mountains, Northwest China

Mining has brought many environmental problems to the surrounding soil, water, and air, with toxic elements contaminating surface water, threatening ecological balance and human health. This study selected the Wenyu watershed downstream from a large molybdenum mine in the Qinling Mountains as the study area, aiming to explore the impact of molybdenum mining on surface water quality. The content characteristics of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Hg in surface water, sediment, and rock samples were analyzed by field sampling and chemical testing. The results showed only obvious Cd pollution. The pollution status and ecological risk level of surface water and sediment samples in the Wenyu Stream watershed were evaluated using the single pollution index method, geo-accumulation index method, and Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment method. Finally, the sources of Cd pollution and the impact of mining on Cd distribution in the Wenyu Stream were comprehensively discussed. The research results showed that Cd content in the Wenyu Stream was significantly affected by mining activity and the coefficient of variation of Cd content reached 99.44%. Among 22 surface water samples, 21 samples met the Class II water standard, indicating a clean overall water quality of the Wenyu Stream, and only one sample exceeded the Class II water standard with a mild pollution level. All 15 sediment samples were polluted to varying degrees and the most severely polluted sample had reached a moderate to strong pollution level. Most of the samples were at a moderate pollution level. The potential ecological hazard indexes of Cd content were at medium to very strong risk level, indicating that the overall sediment in the main ditch of the Wenyu Stream was under a strong ecological risk level. The main sources of Cd pollution, including acid mine drainage, regional geological background, sediment release, and atmospheric dry and wet deposition, were discussed.

ANALYSIS OF STOCK PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE USING THE SHARPE, TREYNOR AND JENSEN METHODS

This study aims to find out whether using the single index method will produce an optimal portfolio of Jakarta Islamic Index 70 (JII70) stocks listed on the IDX for the 2019-2022 period and continue to assess its performance using the Sharpe Ratio, Treynor and Jensen methods to find out the best method in assessing the performance of stock portfolios formed in a period. The selection of this research sample was used based on purposive random sampling technique. This study used the One Way of Variance by Rank Kruskal-Wallis different test. In this study, the Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen values were standardized through the Z-score transformation (standardized) followed by the Mean Rank difference test between treatments. The test results using the Kruskal-Wallis test were obtained with a probability of 0.000. It is known that the probability of testing ≤ 0.05. These results indicate that there are significant differences between the tests with the Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen methods. Thus, the null hypothesis H0 in this study was rejected. The test results between the three treatment differences in mean rank, showed no significant difference between each treatment because Jensen had the lowest difference in mean rank to Sharpe and Treynor. Jensen's method has a mean difference the lowest rank against Sharpe and Treynor, meaning that Jensen is the most consistent with indifference. Based on the results of the issuer's Jensen method analysis.

Extraction of Water Bodies from Sentinel-2 Images in the Foothills of Nepal Himalaya

This paper evaluates an integrated water body mapping method in sub Himalayan region of Nepal with optical images of Sentinel – 2 satellites of European Space Agency. The objectives of this study is to evaluating the integrated method of water body mapping with Sentinel – 2 data and to find the optimal mapping method in Sub Himalaya region. This method extracts the information on water bodies by combining image indices and near infrared band and used slope image to remove false results.. The study results indicate that difference of indices is more accurate to map the water bodies than single index method as it enhance the contrast between water bodies and other environmental features. On the basis of the accurately mapped water bodies of the study area, this research conclude that the multi spectral images from the Sentinel images can be ideal data source for water bodies monitoring with fine spatial and temporal resolution. Although smaller water bodies with high vegetation cover cannot be detected by this method, the integrated water body mapping method is suitable for the applications multi-spectral images in this field.

PORTOFOLIO OPTIMAL SAHAM SYARIAH BUMN DENGAN INDEKS TUNGGAL

This study aims to identify sharia stocks of state-owned companies included in the IDX-MES BUMN17 sharia index to form an optimal portfolio and to determine the proportion of selected sharia stocks of state-owned companies from April 2021 to May 2023. This study also presents the return and risk levels of all IDX-MES BUMN17 stocks and the return and risk levels of the portfolio generated using the single index method. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis using secondary data from 17 IDX-MES BUMN17 issuers obtained from www.idx.co.id, www.finance-yahoo.com, and www.bi.go.id. The population of this study consists of 17 stocks, and the entire population is used as the research sample. Based on the analysis results, two stocks were selected to form an optimal portfolio calculated since the establishment of the IDX-MES BUMN17 in April 2021, with an optimal assessment based on the ci value, namely PTBA and TLKM, with the largest proportion on the TLKM stock (30.01%) and PTBA (12.84%). The portfolio generated from these two stocks resulted in a return of 1.88% with a risk level of 8.75%.

Evaluation of water quality pollution and analysis of vertical distribution characteristics of typical Rivers in the Pearl River Delta, South China

Water quality comprehensive evaluation is an essential technical measure for water environment management and treatment. The previous research methods were often insufficient for studying black-sticking water bodies' formation and transformation mechanisms. In view of this, the single pollution index method and the comprehensive water quality identification index method (Iwq) were used to evaluate the pollution characteristics of rivers; the main pollution factors and sources of the watershed were determined by principal component analysis (PCA), and the vertical stratification characteristics of the water bodies were analyzed. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) values of pollutants in typical rivers in the Pearl River Delta were higher than the class V water quality standard, and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3−N) pollution level was the second-highest. TN concentration ranges from 4.27 to 19.83 mg/g, and NH3-N concentration ranges from 2.44 to 15.37 mg/g. In addition, in the monitoring of 15 rivers, 11 of them were the inferior V surface water, including five rivers' comprehensive water quality categories for black-stinking water bodies. This may be related to the process of water self-purification and pollutant transport, and rivers in densely populated areas are often subject to discharge from domestic sewage and industrial sewage. The results of the PCA extracted three principal components (PC), accounting for 88.825% of the total variance, with the first and third PCs controlled by human activities and the second PC influenced by natural sources. There is a more apparent vertical stratification of water bodies here in the typical rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and DO was an important factor affecting the vertical distribution of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N, TN, total phosphorus (TP), sulfide, Ferrum (Fe), and manganese (Mn). The severe lack of DO in deep water bodies led to elevated levels of NH3-N, Fe, and Mn, and gases such as hydrogen sulfide was released under anaerobic conditions, resulting in eutrophication and black-sticking levels in water bodies.

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soils at the Northern Foot of the Qinling Mountains, China.

To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, a field investigation, sample collection and analysis of the heavy metal content in farmland soils at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains were conducted. Based on the comparative analysis of the single pollution index method, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, the geological accumulation index method, the potential ecological hazard index method, and the geological accumulation index method were used to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the risk of soil heavy metal pollution. The results showed that the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was severe, among which Hg and Cr pollution was relatively obvious. Taking the soil screening values of agricultural land as the standard, the quantity of element Hg in agricultural soils at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was higher than the relevant screening value. In the two sample sites investigated, the intensity of the heavy metal accumulation index in Baoqizhai Village was Hg > Cr > Cu > As > Pb, and in Dayangyu Village it was Cr > Cu > As > Pb. Among them, in Baoqizhai Village it shows the heavy pollution caused by Hg (Igeo= 3.42) and the light pollution caused by Cr (Igeo < 1) in the two areas. Hg is mostly affected by mining activities and its atmospheric subsidence. At the same time, Cr is mainly derived from the weathering of rock parent material and is also affected by anthropogenic factors to a certain extent. The accumulation of heavy metals in the farmland soil around the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was relatively high, posing a threat to the surrounding soil environment. Therefore, it is urgent to control farmland soil environmental pollution.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Pollution Analysis Methods

With the rapid development of urban economy and the continuous increase of urban population, the discharge and improper disposal of a large number of industrial wastes, urban domestic garbage, sludge and other pollutants have led to the continuous accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, which has increased the pollution load of heavy metals in the soil, leading to the increasingly serious heavy metal pollution of urban topsoil in China. Heavy metal pollution of urban soil is one of the important indicators that can effectively reflect the status of urban environmental pollution. Therefore, the verification of urban soil environment anomalies and the application of verification data to urban environmental quality assessment, as well as the study of the evolution model of human activities affecting urban soil environment, have increasingly become the focus of attention. Based on the analysis of a large number of relevant documents and previous work, the sources, hazards and pollution status of soil heavy metal pollution in some regions of China are briefly summarized, and the characteristics of five commonly used assessment methods of soil heavy metal pollution (single pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method, geo accumulation index method, potential ecological risk index method, principal component analysis method) are briefly analyzed and summarized, It is expected to provide some reference for the investigation and treatment of soil pollution.

Huoxue Qingre decoction used for treatment of coronary heart disease network analysis and metabolomic evaluation.

Objective: Network pharmacology provides new methods and references for the research of traditional Chinese medicine, but some problems remain, such as single evaluation components and index methods, imperfect relevant databases, unscientific prediction results, and lack of verification of results. Herein, we used a modified network pharmacology research method to explore the potential network analysis mechanism of Huoxue Qingre decoction in the treatment of coronary heart disease and utilized clinical trials for assessment. Methods: Based on literature research, the targets corresponding to the drug were obtained with the assistance of the TCMSP database and Swiss Target Prediction, and the target proteins were corrected using the UniProt database. The targets related to coronary heart disease was obtained through the GeneCards database. A protein-protein interaction network diagram was constructed, and a "component-intersection target" network diagram was drawn based on Cytoscape 3.6.2 software. The mapped targets were imported into the DAVID bioinformatics platform, which underwent Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and the network pharmacology prediction results were evaluated through clinical trials. Results: We obtained 151 compounds related to Huoxue Qingre decoction, 286 genes after evaluation and deduplication, and 426 genes related to coronary heart disease. Finally, 81 common target genes were obtained with 32 pathways according to the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The validation results of the clinical trials showed that a total of 98 differential metabolites were found in the treatment of coronary heart disease with Huoxue Qingre decoction, involving a total of 16 metabolic pathways. Compared with the network pharmacology prediction results, it was found that only the pathways in cancer (hsa05200) were the common pathways in the top 32 signaling pathways predicted by network pharmacology. The expanded network pharmacology prediction results revealed that the sphingolipid signaling pathway (hsa04071) and prostate cancer pathway (hsa05215) matched the predicted metabolic pathways, with differential metabolites of N-oleoyl-D-sphingomyelin and 1-methyl-6-phenyl-1h-imidazole[4,5-b]pyridine-2-amine. Conclusion: Through the network analysis and metabolomic evaluation, there may be three signaling pathways that involve the Huoxue Qingre decoction in the treatment of coronary heart disease: pathways in cancer (hsa05200), sphingolipid signaling pathway (hsa04071), and prostate cancer pathway (hsa05215).

Corrosion Damage Identification of Towering Steel Headframe Based on Parametric Modeling and Data Fusion

The mine hoisting headframe is a typical towering truss structure, and its damage is complicated after long-term service, which affects the safety of the structure. To achieve rapid identification of corrosion damage on a towering steel headframe, the degradation law of headframe under different damage was analyzed via parametric modeling method and verified via field measurement. The results show that the influence range of element corrosion damage is localized, and a 50% corrosion rate of the bottom column will lead to a collapse risk of the headframe. After that, the single index method, of superimposed curvature mode difference and modal flexibility difference curvature, is used to identify corrosion damage of headframe column. The results indicate that the single index method is susceptible to interference in the undamaged position and leads to error identification. The improved multi-index data fusion damage identification method based on D-S evidence matrix is proposed, through which the multi-position damages in headframe structure can be identified accurately. Compared to the one-stage fusion method, the improved two-stage fusion method is more robust, with an increase of 42.9% in identification accuracy, and a reduction of 75% in misjudgment.

Risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in pork

Pork is an important part of the daily diet of the Chinese population, and its safety has attracted the attention of the government and consumers. This study aims to assess the degree of heavy metal pollution of pork in the Chinese market, and to study the preventive measures against the main factors of heavy metal pollution in the supply chain, so as to reduce the health risks associated with eating this type of meat. 126 previously published levels of heavy metals in Chinese pork were collected from www.cnki.net . The pollution index of lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury in pork as calculated by using the single pollution index method was found to be less than 0.7, and the pollution level of each single heavy metal in pork was deemed to be at the safe level. Then the risk of heavy metals in pork for different consumer age groups was assessed by using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Incremental life cancer risk (ILCR). These criteria are based on the weights and dietary habits of Chinese residents. The results showed that the contribution rate of lead in pork to Total THQ (TTHQ) was 42.2%, which was higher than for any other heavy metals. At the same time, it can be concluded that the ILCR of arsenic in [2,4] age groups exceeded the maximum acceptable limit (1 × 10 −4 ). Finally, the fault tree method was combined with the pork supply chain to comprehensively analyze the causes of heavy metal pollution in pork. The results show that the structural importance coefficient of strengthening government supervision and improving China's food safety standard system is 1, which is the key to prevent the occurrence of heavy metal hazards in pork in China. Furthermore, the lead pollution incidents which occurred in pork obtained from the Nanjing Farmers Market were used as example cases in order to show the feasibility of using the fault tree methodology. This study provides a scientific and advanced theoretical guidance for further strengthening the ability of pork safety risk assessment and to assess the risks associated with pork consumption. • The pollution level of heavy metal in pork was evaluated by pollution index. • Health risks of children eating contaminated pork were higher than those of adults. • The key control points of accidents were found out by the constructed fault tree.

Soil Properties, Heavy Metal Accumulation, and Ecological Risk in Vegetable Greenhouses of Different Planting Years

The vegetable greenhouse soils in Yanglou Town, Ruzhou City, Henan Province were taken as the research object in the present study to explore the difference in soil physical and chemical properties and the total and fraction of heavy metals of different planting years. The potential ecological risks of heavy metals in greenhouse soils with different planting years were assessed by using single and comprehensive potential ecological risk index methods. The results showed that the soil pH of vegetable greenhouses increased, and fertility factors such as organic matter, available phosphorus, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen accumulated to a certain extent compared to the control group, whereas catalase showed a decreasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that the planting years were significant positively correlated with pH (P<0.05) and organic matter (P<0.01) and significant negatively correlated with catalase (P<0.01). The amount of heavy metals in the vegetable greenhouse soils increased with the increase in planting years, among which Cu, Zn, and Cd increased most obviously, with maximum increases of 129.14%, 204.17%, and 161.11%, respectively. The proportion of acid-soluble and reducible heavy metals in the vegetable greenhouse soils also increased gradually with the planting years, and the proportion of residual heavy metals decreased correspondingly, which resulted in the heavy metals transforming into fractions easily absorbed by plants. The results of the single potential ecological risk index showed that Cd in vegetable greenhouse soils had a strong ecological risk with the increase in planting years, whereas Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni were in the mild risk category. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index showed that the heavy metals in the vegetable greenhouse soils of different planting years have reached a strong or very strong ecological risk.

Identify Priority Control Pollutants and Areas of Groundwater in an Old Metropolitan Industrial Area—A Case Study of Putuo, Shanghai, China

Industrial activities have raised widespread concerns about groundwater pollution and human health. Shanghai’s industrial land has been polluting the groundwater for more than 30 years; however, it is not clear whether it poses a risk to human health. This study explores the health risk degree in different groups of groundwater in old industrial areas in Shanghai, China. We selected eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn) as the research objects and analyzed the characteristics of concentrations and spatial distribution using single factor index and geostatistical analytical methods. Results indicated that the average concentrations of As and Hg were higher than the environmental standards. Meanwhile, As, Ni, Hg and Pb in groundwater were notable anthropogenic inputs. Compared with irrigation cropland, the pollution of Ni, Pb and As in industrial land was obviously more serious. In addition, the health risk assessment results indicated the priority control pollutants of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk are As and Cr, respectively. Our results showed that human activities have deeply increased heavy metal concentrations in groundwater, which in turn poses risks to human health. These findings provide scientific support for urban managers to reduce residents’ drinking water risks.

Research status of heavy metal pollution evaluation in urban wetlands in China

Urban wetlands are one of the ecosystems most closely related to human production and life, and have various functions such as stabilizing the environment, improving the urban environment, regulating and storing floodwater, supplementing groundwater, recreation, science and education culture, and protecting biodiversity. With the continuous shrinkage of urban wetlands in recent years and frequent pollution, many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research work on urban wetlands, of which the evaluation of heavy metal pollution in urban wetlands is one of the priorities. In this paper, this paper analyzes the reports on heavy metal pollution in urban wetlands in China in recent years, reviews the current situation of pollution evaluation in sediment, soil and water bodies of urban wetlands, and summarizes and summarizes the pollution evaluation methods of heavy metals. Among the many evaluation methods, the single index method, the ground accumulation index method, the potential ecological risk assessment method and the water quality standard level method are the most used.

Comparative Analysis of Expected Return and Portfolio Risk in Formation of Optimal Portfolios Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (Capm) and Single Index Methods

&#x0D; This study aims to determine how the ratio of expected return and portfolio risk in the formation of an optimal portfolio using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Single Index methods. This study uses a quantitative approach. The object of this research is the LQ45 stock for the 2017-2019 period. The research sample amounted to 30 companies selected through purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the optimal portfolio formed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Single Index methods resulted in 7 candidate stocks consisting of ICBP, BBCA, JSMR, SMGR, BBRI, MNCN, INCO. Where the results of the calculation of the level of the expected return of the portfolio using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) method is 0.0241 and the portfolio risk level is 0.010. Meanwhile, the level of portfolio expected return using the single index method is 0.0372 and the portfolio risk level is 0.0136. After the independent t-test was carried out, there was no difference in the expected return of the portfolio between the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Single Index methods, while in portfolio risk testing there were differences between the CAPM and Single Index methods.

Pengambilan Keputusan Investasi Portofolio : Pendekatan Model Indeks Tunggal Saham

Abstract. This study aims to determine the composition of the optimal portfolio formation using the Single Index method on LQ-45 shares in the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2016 - 2018. This research was conducted on the basis of the increasing number of investors who chose to invest their funds in shares, where this is indicated from the increasing positive sentiment on stock investment compared to other investments. Portfolio formation using the Single Index model is one model that can be used to form optimal portfolios, because with this model portfolios are easily formed to fit the desired investment characteristics and objectives to be achieved. The Single Index method is a method that formulates the existence of elements of return and risk in an investment, where the risk element can be minimized through diversification and combining various investment instruments into a portfolio. By using the Single Index method, investors can take advantage of all available information as the basis for maximizing portfolio formation. The sample selection technique of this study used a purposive sampling method and 19 LQ-45 Index stocks were obtained which were used as the research sample. Based on the results of research to determine the optimal portfolio of shares using the Single Index method shows that the LQ-45 Index Shares that form the optimal portfolio are INCO, BBTN, ICBP, INTP, BMRI, BBNI, BBCA, HMSP, INDF shares , GGRM and TLKM. And this study produced 55 portfolio combinations in which there is one efficient portfolio, 26 portfolios with the same funding weight (50%: 50%). Investors choose an efficient portfolio in accordance with the preferences of the level of profit and risk they bearKeywords - Single Index Model, Optimal Portfolio, Expected Return, LQ-45