Single Fiber Tensile Test Research Articles

Comparative analysis of natural fibres characteristics as composite reinforcement

Due to environmental concerns, natural fibre development is essential, and its utilization has recently attracted more attention. The use of jute, hemp, linen, sisal, and banana fibres in textile production is widespread around the world. Additionally, these fibres are widely accessible in many countries, including Pakistan, India, China, Turkey, and the United States. The objective of this study is to compare the physio-mechanical characteristics of the aforementioned natural fibres. All of these fibres were obtained locally. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the surface morphology of these natural fibres, and the results revealed that banana and sisal fibres are hollow in comparison to other fibres. A single fibre tensile testing apparatus was used to evaluate the mechanical characteristics. Banana and sisal fibres demonstrated the highest breaking strength and elongation, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the functional groups of these natural fibres. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate their thermal behaviour. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis and Raman analysis were also carried out to ascertain the chemical composition.

Experimental and hydrodynamic methods to determine aqueous dispersion of discontinuous reclaimed carbon fibres

In this study, the dispersion of reclaimed carbon fibres following cost-effective surface treatment is explored with a hydrodynamic fibre moving model, and a practical fibre dispersion effect is investigated through various physical dispersion methods. To utilise reclaimed carbon fibres for a desired composite product, our proposed low-cost surface treatment is shown to be beneficial to the physical and chemical properties of the reclaimed carbon fibres and to yield polar-hydrophilic characteristics. Single fibre tensile testing is performed to explore the effect of surface treatment on the reclaimed carbon fibres (a higher tensile strength was observed). A computational hydrodynamic fibre moving model based on a moving particle semi-implicit method is newly designed to perform hydrodynamic simulation to determine aqueous dispersion of discontinuous reclaimed carbon fibres. This simulation helps understanding fibre flocculation phenomena from the perspective of fibre stiffness, which should not be disregarded for the fibre dispersion. Fibre surface analyses including morphology and functional groups are carried out to investigate the effect of surface treatment. The hydrodynamic simulation and proposed fibre dispersion methods with a cost-effective surface treatment approach can be widely applicable to any type of reclaimed carbon fibres to produce recycled fibre reinforced polymer composite materials.

PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARCTERISTICS OF KAPOK (CEIBA PENTANDRA) TREE BARK AND EPOXY COMPOSITE WITH COATING (AESO) TREATMENT

Environmentally friendly composites continue to be developed from kapok tree fiber (Ceiba pentandra) with an epoxy matrix. This study aims to characterize the tensile behavior of single fiber and its composite, the pull-out properties of kapok tree fiber, and morphology of the fiber. Kapok tree fibers were varied in the NaOH solution and the AESO polymer. Single fiber tensile test and pull out refer to the ASTM D3379-75 and ASTM E399 standards, respectively. The composite manufacturing method used in this research was the infusion vacuum resin method with reference to the ASTM D638 standard. The results of the tensile test (composite) showed that the kapok bark fiber with the characteristics of NaOH + Coating had a greater tensile strength (197,88 Mpa), than that without treatment and NaOH treatment. Of all the characteristics of the kapok bark fiber, the highest value of the tensile strength was the fiber treated with NaOH + Coating (KNC). The results of fiber morphology showed proved that the NaOH treatment increased the surface hardness by eliminating the bonds of surface crystallinity, topography, water absorption, unit cell structure and fiber orientation. These results indicate that kapok tree fiber treated with 7% NaOH + coating with AESO polymer has high potential as a structural material to replace wood or textile materials.

Numerical and experimental investigations on the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured novel composite materials for biomedical applications

Polymer composites have a great scope which provides improvised mechanical and chemical properties than matrix material. Although most composite materials are relatively strong, they are not sustainable. The sustainability and reusability of the material is significantly affected by the incorporation of non-degradable fillers. Bael bark is a naturally occurring material with numerous medical properties; in this study, Bael bark was dried, synthesized and converted into nano-filler for integrating them in polylactide (PLA) matrix. PLA is a widely used biopolymer in the biomedical sector. The filler and matrix material are both biodegradable; therefore, the resulting composite is also expected to be biodegradable. This study aims to develop a composite comprising Bael bark and PLA, which is a better alternative to PLA in terms of strength and sustainability. Bael bark-reinforced PLA matrices were synthesized with different Bael bark compositions, i.e., 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%. Subsequently, the resulting composites were subjected to filament characterization tests such as single fiber tensile test (SFTT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Notably, all extruded composites exhibited a uniform distribution of filler materials. Tensile, compression, and flexural tests were also conducted on the additively fabricated samples. The tensile strength, compressive strength and Flexural strength of composite specimens were higher than neat PLA material, with increments of 39%, 33.8%, and 33.9%, respectively, for the composite made with 15 wt.% composites. Using a commercial finite element code ABAQUS, numerical simulations were performed on tensile, compression and flexural specimens. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Analysis of strain correction procedures for single fiber tensile testing

Analysis of strain correction procedures for single fiber tensile testing

Influence of Accelerated Aging on the Fiber-Matrix Adhesion of Regenerated Cellulose Fiber-Reinforced Bio-Polyamide

With regard to the sustainability and biological origin of plastic components, regenerated cellulose fiber (RCF)-reinforced polymers are expected to replace other composites in the future. For use under severe conditions, for example, as a housing in the engine compartment, the resistance of the composites and the impact on the fiber and fiber-matrix adhesion must be investigated. Composites of bio-polyamide with a reinforcement of 20 wt.% RCF were compounded using a twin-screw extruder. The test specimens were manufactured with an injection molding machine and aged under conditions of high humidity at 90% r. H, a high temperature of 70 °C, and water storage using a water temperature of 23 °C for 504 h. Mechanical tests, single-fiber tensile tests (SFTT), single-fibre pull-out tests (SFPT), and optical characterization revealed significant changes in the properties of the composites. The results of the SFPT show that accelerated aging had a significant effect on the bio-polymer and an even stronger effect on the fiber, as the single-fiber tensile strength decreased by 27.5%. Supplementary notched impact strength tests revealed a correlation of the impact strength and the accelerated aging of the RCF-reinforced composites. In addition, it could be verified that the tensile strength also decreased at about 37% due to the aging effect on the RCF and a lowered fiber-matrix adhesion. The largest aging impact was on the Young's modulus with a decrease of 45% due to the accelerated aging. In summary, the results show that the strengthening effect with 20 wt.% RCF was highly decreased subsequent to the accelerated aging due to hydrolysis and debonding because of the shrinkage and swelling of the matrix and fiber. These scientific findings are essential, as it is important to ensure that this bio-based material used in the automotive sector can withstand these stresses without severe degradation. This study provides information about the aging behavior of RCF-reinforced bio-based polyamide, which provides fundamental insights for future research.

Study of Various Properties of Chemically Treated Lignocellulosic Cissus quadrangularis Stem Fiber for Composite Reinforcement

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for natural fiber-reinforced composites has opened up the market for inexpensive, lightweight, bio-renewable, and environment-friendly plant fibers. The chemical treatments on fiber lead to the reduction of lignin and hemicellulose contents which helps in better adhesion with the matrix. The objective of this work is to do various chemical treatments on Cissus quadrangularis Stem Fiber (CQSF) and perform its characterization. The natural fibers are first extracted from the Cissus quadrangularis stem using the retting process. The fibers are then chemically treated with magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). The characterization of single fibers is investigated by single-fiber tensile test, chemical composition, thermogravimetric analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscope. Characterization results show that the MgCO3-treated CQSF has improved mechanical and thermal properties. Thus, MgCO3-treated CQSF is suggested for biocomposite preparation due to its promising mechanical properties and thermal properties.

Extraction and Characterization of Bismarck Palm Fibres

Objectives: A novel natural cellulose bismarck palm fibre (BPF) has been discovered and extracted from the leaf stalk of its tree. Physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal characterizations have been conducted in this current study. Methods: A water retting method was employed for the extraction of BPFs. The diameter of BPF was assessed using an optical microscope image analyzer. A single fibre tensile test method was employed to calculate the tensile strength of BPF. The thermal behaviour of BPF was evaluated using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). A scanning electron microscope was utilized to evaluate the surface morphological structure of the BPF. Findings: The BPF has a fibre fineness of 819 denier, a mean diameter of 0.3636 mm, a density of 0.98 g/cc, cellulose content of 70.71%, hemi cellulose of 34.89%, lignin of 12.88%, wax of 0.30%, ash of 2.13 %, moisture of 10.80 %, pectin of 3.08 %, a mean breaking tensile strength of 904 MPa, mean breaking elongation of 6.4 %, and Young’s modulus of 28.6 GPa, respectively. It is evident that the thermal analysis of BPF was thermally sustainable up to 268 ◦C. The results ensure that the BPF is the anticipated reinforcement of fibre-reinforced composite materials. SEM images revealed that cross section of BPF sample and rugged surface along the length of the fibre. Novelty: The higher cellulose percentage content of BPF samples has significantly shown better mechanical behaviour and thermal stability. This characterization evidenced that it is an outstanding alternative natural cellulose fibre for Eleusine indica grass fibres, Saccharum Bengalense fibres, Leucas Aspera fibres, Catharanthus roseus fibres, and Tridax procumbens fibres and also for synthetic fibres. Keywords: Bismarck palm fibre; Natural cellulose fibre; Extraction; Characterization; Tensile strength

Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Abaca Fiber Lumens as Potential Carriers in Self-Healing Applications

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel plant-derived core-shell fiber carrier that can be used in self-healing applications. The study used abaca fiber lumens as a self-healing carrier for the first time. The fibers were characterized under SEM at different positions to know the lumen structure and achieved a 39.19% lumens fraction and 16.13 µm lumen diameter. Healing resins were embedded in the lumens using modified VARTM. The core was confirmed using FESEM-EDX. Thermal degradation was determined via TGA under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mechanical and self-healing properties, as well as a single-fiber tensile test, were conducted with a cell load of 5 kgf. The healing resin (VE-CN)-embedded fibers showed a strength improvement of 14.78% compared with the strength of pure abaca fibers. The improved strength is attributed to the reorientation of the crystalline cellulose in the tensile direction. Additionally, some of the tensile-fractured fibrils self-healed after 24 h and showed a restored strength of 100.71 MPa. The restored strength explains that the fiber lumens are the potential to carry a healing resin and release upon the damage.

Characterization of New Natural Cellulosic Fiber from the Bark of Artocarpus Altilis Plant

ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to extract and characterize the new natural Artocarpus altilis bark fiber (AABF). The density of AABF is identified as 986 kg/m3 and chemical analysis confirmed cellulose 60.45 wt%, hemicellulose 10.73 wt%, and lignin 15.28 wt%. Single fiber tensile test indicates the tensile strength as 257 MPa with strain rate of 3.54%. The presence of chemical functional groups in the fibers was identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis ensured that the Crystallinity index (CI) as 52.2% and crystalline size (CS) 10.26 nm. Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows the thermal stability of AABF as 228°C with kinetic activation energy 77.018 kJ/mol. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis investigates the surface morphology and its roughness parameters are analyzed through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. The results obtained revealed that AABFs are suitable for reinforcement in polymer composites and that can be applied for lightweight applications.

Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) Fiber Extraction and Characterization for Its Use in Polymer Composites

ABSTRACT This work describes an extraction method for giant reed fibers from stems and leaves based on chemical soaking and crushing through a rolling mill. Obtained fibers, together with the shredded plant (stems + leaves), are characterized in terms of chemical composition, thermal stability, morphology, and crystallinity. Mechanical properties of fibers have also been assessed (single fiber tensile tests). The results show that the proposed method allows obtaining fibers with higher cellulose content (near 70%), good thermal stability (10% weight loss over 270°C), higher density, and better mechanical properties than other Arundo fibers previously reported in the literature. Fibers from leaves are thinner and show higher crystallinity than those from stems (72 μm vs. 157 μm, 73% vs. 67% crystallinity, respectively), although mechanical properties are similar for both (around 900 MPa for tensile strength and over 45 GPa for elastic modulus). Analysis of the microstructure shows that fibers consist of microfiber bundles, and the removal of a thin layer of non-cellulosic nature is clear; fibers provide a rougher, cleaner surface than shredded raw material.

Extraction and characterization of natural lignocellulosic fibres from Typha angustata grass

In recent years, efforts have been made to reduce deforestation to conserve the ecosystem. In the current scenario, agro-cultivated products are used instead of wood for engineering applications. Thus, natural lignocellulosic fibres are used as a reinforcing material and have been extremely attractive to industries and the scientific community during the past few decades. This study aimed to examine the use of natural fibres extracted from Typha angustata grass as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. The density of the fibres was 1.015 g/cc. Chemical analysis confirmed that T. angustata fibres (TAFs) have a cellulose content of 73.54 wt%, a hemicellulose content of 10.11 wt%, a lignin content of 6.23 wt% and a wax content of 0.23 wt%. The crystallinity index (65.16 %) and crystalline size (6.40 nm) were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The presence of functional groups in the TAFs was examined by employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The presence of cellulose at peak intensities of C2, C3 and C5 in the TAFs was confirmed using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The single fibre tensile test revealed that the tensile strength was 665 ± 7 MPa and Young's modulus was 27.45 ± 3.46 GPa. The thermal stability of the TAFs was examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the prominent peak was observed at 298.48 °C, with a kinetic activation energy of 67.99 kJ/mol. The surface roughness of the fibres was analysed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with an accuracy of 1 nm. The above-mentioned outcomes indicated that the TAFs have desirable properties that are comparable to existing natural fibres and suggested to be utilised as the possible reinforcement to fabricate the fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composites.

L-DOPA coating improved phosphate glass fibre strength and fibre/matrix interface

The levodopa (L-DOPA) has been reported as a promising adhesive for various materials. In this study, we utilized L-DOPA as an interfacial agent for phosphate glass fibre/polycaprolactone (PGF/PCL) composites, with the aim to enhance the interfacial properties between the fibres and polymer matrix. The PGFs were dip-coated in varying concentrations of L-DOPA solution ranging between 5 and 40 g L-1. The fibre strength and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the composites were measured via a single fibre tensile test and single fibre fragmentation test, respectively. It was found that the L-DOPA agent (at conc. 10 g L-1) significantly improved the IFSS of the composites up to 27%. Also, the L-DOPA coating (at conc. 40 g L-1) significantly increased the glass fibre strength up to 18%. As a result, an optimum coating level could be tailored depending on application and whether fibre strength or IFSS was of greater importance. In addition, SEM and TGA analyses were used to detect and quantify the coating agents. FTIR and XPS further confirmed presence of the coating and indicated the zwitterionic crystals of L-DOPA and the formation of a melanin-like polymer layer. The spectroscopy data also evidenced that both catechol and amine groups contributed to the interaction between the L-DOPA and the PGF surface.

Comparison of alkali concentration for obtaining fine Musa Sapientum (banana) fibers to enhance potential applications

The objective of the present research was to investigate the efficiency of alkali treatment on obtaining fine banana fibers. The fibers were exposed to alkali aqueous solutions at different concentrations changing from 5 to 20 wt%. The acting mechanism of the alkali treatment is removing of non-cellulosic constituents and separating the fiber bundle into smaller elementary single fibers. The efficiency of the alkali treatments was analyzed with the help of optical observations, fiber diameter measurement, single fiber tensile test and determination of pectin component. Chemical, crystalline, thermal and morphological properties of the fibers were examined by FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM, respectively. FTIR analyses proved the removal of non-cellulosic components such as hemicellulose and lignin after alkali treatment. Fiber diameter decreased with increasing concentration of alkali treatment. Tensile properties and crystallinity index are correlated with alkali concentration. However, cellulose structure of the banana fiber was altered at mild alkali treatments. Microscopic observations revealed the appearance of single elementary fibers from the fiber bundle of the banana. These experimental findings suggested that alkali treatment can play promising role to prepare lignocellulosic fibers for textile applications.

In-situ synchrotron computed tomography tensile testing of composite specimens to estimate fibre strength Weibull parameters

A methodology is presented for the retrieval of fibre strength Weibull parameters using in-situ synchrotron computed tomography tensile testing of unidirectional composite specimens. Only fibre breaks that did not fail due to stress concentrations caused by other breaks are considered in this methodology. After the selection of the fibre breaks, the Weibull strength parameters were estimated through non-linear regression as well as least-squares fitting of linear regression in logarithmic scale. The two methods yield different estimated parameters, with the non-linear regression showing a better correlation with the observed fibre strength probability. The estimated Weibull parameters differed between specimens of the same fibre and matrix type, indicating that the strength distribution of fibres can vary within a given material batch. The measured Weibull scale parameters of the carbon fibres was estimated to be larger than the parameters measured in the single fibre tensile testing. This strength increase can be evidence of the higher strength of fibres when embedded in resin compared to when tested in air. The effect of fibre pre-selection in single fibre tensile tests was eliminated in the performed impregnated specimen tests, removing one source of uncertainty of the fibre strength Weibull parameters.

Effect of Nano-SiO2 Modification on Mechanical and Insulation Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composites.

Basalt fiber (BF) has high mechanical strength, good insulation performance and low cost. It is suitable to be used as reinforcement material in the manufacture of electrical equipment. However, the large surface inertia of basalt fiber makes it difficult to combine with the matrix material, which seriously limits its service life and application scenarios. In addition, the serious vacancy in the research of insulation properties also limits its production and application in the electrical field. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of difficult bonding between basalt fiber and resin matrix and make up for the research blank of basalt fiber composites in insulation performance, this paper provides a basalt fiber modification method—SiO2 coating, and tests the insulation and mechanical properties of the modified composite. We used nano-SiO2 coating solution to modify basalt fiber, and manufactured BF/resin composite (BFRP) by hand lay-up and hot-pressing technology, and experimentally analyzed the influence of nano-SiO2 content on the mechanical and insulation properties of the modified composite. Fourier transform infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscope analysis showed that nano-SiO2 was successfully coated on basalt fibers. Through the microdroplet debonding test, it was found that the IFSS of fiber/resin was improved by 35.15%, 72.97 and 18.9%, respectively, after the modification of the coating solution with SiO2 concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, showing better interface properties; the single fiber tensile test found that the tensile strength of the modified fiber increased slightly. Among all composites, 1 wt% SiO2 coating modified composites showed the best comprehensive properties. The surface flashover voltage and breakdown field strength reached 13.12 kV and 33 kV/mm, respectively, which were 34.6% and 83% higher than unmodified composite. The dielectric loss is reduced to 1.43%, which is 33.8% lower than the dielectric loss (2.16%) of the untreated composite, showing better insulation ability; the tensile strength, bending strength and interlaminar shear strength were increased to 618.22 MPa, 834.74 MPa and 16.29 MPa, respectively, which were increased by 53%, 42.4% and 59.7%, compared with untreated composites. DMA and glass transition temperature showed that the modified composite had better heat resistance. TGA experiments showed that the resin content of the modified composite increased, and the internal structure of the composite became denser.

Studi Penelitian Panjang Kritis Serat Alam Dengan Perlakuan Perendaman Natrium Hidroksida

<em>The purpose of this study was to determine the critical length of palm fiber, kenaf fiber, pineapple fiber, agave fiber, and coconut fiber with NaOH immersion treatment. This study was determine the effect of NaOH immersion treatment on the critical length of fiber. This research is an experimental exploratory research. The independent variables in this study were palm fiber, kenaf fiber, pineapple fiber, agave fiber, and coconut fiber with the dependent variable is the critical fiber length. To find the critical length of fiber using single fiber tensile test and single fiber pull out test. The data obtainde from the test results are then analyzed using formula equation to determine the critical length of each fiber. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the critical length of palm fiber, kenaf fiber, agave fiber, and coconut fiber with NaOH immersion treatment was shorter than the critical length of fiber without NaOH immersion treatment. Agave fiber has the shortest critical fiber length. The critical length of the fiber with NaOH immersion treatment are palm fiber 4.6 mm, kenaf fiber 5.4 mm, pineapple fiber 3.6 mm, agave fiber 2.2 mm, and coconut fiber 3.0 mm. </em>

Environmental Effects on Strength and Failure Strain Distributions of Sheep Wool Fibers.

Sheep wool is an eco-friendly, renewable, and totally recyclable material increasingly used in textiles, filters, insulation, and building materials. Recently, wool fibers have become good alternatives for reinforcement of polymer composites and filaments for 3D printing. Wool fibers are susceptible to environmental degradation that could shorten their lifetime and limit applications. This study reports on the mechanical properties of sheep wool fibers under the impact of humid air and UV irradiation. The results of single fiber tensile tests showed a noticeable gauge length effect on the fibers’ strength and failure strain. Long (50 mm) fibers possessed about 40% lower characteristics than short (10 mm) fibers. Environmental aging decreased the elastic modulus and strength of the fibers. Moisture-saturated fibers possessed up to 43% lower characteristics, while UV aging resulted in up to a twofold reduction of the strength. The most severe degradation effect is observed under the coupled influence of UVs and moisture. The two-parameter Weibull distribution was applied for the fiber strength and failure strain statistical assessment. The model well predicted the gauge length effects. Moisture-saturated and UV-aged fibers were characterized by less extensive strength dependences on the fiber length. The strength and failure strain distributions of aged fibers were horizontally shifted to lower values. The results will contribute to be reliable predictions of the environmental durability of sheep wool fibers and will extend their use in technical applications.

Role of pH value on electrophoretic deposition of nano-silica onto carbon fibers for a tailored bond behavior with cementitious matrices

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of nano-silica (NS) onto carbon fiber (CF) surfaces may considerably improve the bond properties toward cementitious matrices. In the article at hand, varied pH conditions (neutral, acidic, and alkaline environments) are studied during EPD for a tailorable interfacial bond. Zeta potential measurements and cyclic voltammetry (CV) confirmed the importance of pH with regard to the EPD process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that an acidic environment enables the most pronounced and homogeneous NS coating on the CF surfaces. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis delivered deeper insights into the microstructures of modified CFs, indicating a decreased graphite interlayer spacing d002 and an increased crystallite size Lc after treatment. This results in a changed temperature-stability as well as mechanical properties, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), single-fiber tensile tests, and Weibull analysis.To assess the interaction of the modified CFs with cementitious matrices, single-fiber pullout tests were performed, showing the highest bond strength and total pullout work of CFs treated in an acidic environment. This is mainly explained by a reaction of the high number of NS particles with calcium hydroxide to form calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel and, thus, intensifying the interfacial transition zone, subsequently increasing the bond properties of CF to a matrix. As well, abundant oxygen-related functional groups were introduced on the CF surfaces from anodic oxidation, leading to an enhanced bond by promoting precipitation of cement hydration products onto the CF surfaces.

Tensile strength of single banana fibers (SBFs) improved by novel alkaline treatment

Environmental concern on global warming controversy has raised the issue that forced the researchers to work on green materials. Among them, plant fibers are recognized as environmentally friendly with a high potential to explore their adaptability and utilization for many engineering applications. This paper aims to examine the banana fiber behavior of various alkaline treatment conditions and compare the results with untreated fiber conducted on the same tests. Both the tests were subjected to physical and tensile load, then each condition was tested individually to achieve a valid average. The Paper frame technique was adopted for this single fiber tensile test (SFTT) and corresponding to the stress-strain curves. Surface morphology was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare and find the effect of alkaline treatment on surface fiber modification.