Single Fiber Tensile Strength Research Articles

Enhancement of Sansevieria Trifasciata Laurentii Fiber Properties with Liquid Smoke Treatment

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the potential of liquid smoke-treated Sansevieria Trifasciata Laurentii fiber (STLF) as a reinforcement in polymer composites. The research method consisted of soaking STLF in grade 3 liquid smoke (LS) for 1, 2, and 3 hours, then drying the fibers in an oven at 40°C for 30 minutes. The treated fibers were characterized by single-fiber tensile strength, morphology, chemical composition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that treating STLF fibers with liquid Smoke (LS) for 2 hours results in a 2.60% increase in tensile strength and a 64.20% improvement in crystallinity compared to untreated fibers (TP). The LS treatment also modifies the fiber surface morphology, creating a pattern of longitudinal lines and resulting in a cleaner, rougher, and more porous fiber structure. In addition, LS treatment introduces C=C and C=O functional groups into the STLF molecular chain, potentially improving the interfacial bonding between the fiber and the polymer matrix.

Potensi Kulit Kayu Sebagai Sumber Serat Alam untuk Penguat pada Biokomposit yang Ramah Lingkungan dan Terbarukan: Artikel Review

The increasing awareness of environmental issues has influenced the use of eco-friendly materials, one of which is the use of natural fibers in biocomposites. Plant fibers are one of the sources of natural fibers that can be used as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. Various studies have been conducted on many types of plants to explore sources of natural fibers. One natural fiber that has potential as a reinforcement in biocomposites is fiber from bark. In terms of physical and chemical properties, bark fibers can meet the criteria for reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. The tensile strength of single fibers from various types of bark ranges from 243.94 MPa to 1608 MPa. When compared to other natural fibers, such as ramie fiber with a tensile strength of 408 MPa and areca palm petiole fiber with 104.12 MPa, it can be concluded that bark fibers are equivalent to or even stronger than several other types of natural fibers. This review aims to provide background and information about the potential of bark fibers through several characterizations and tests, allowing for conclusions to be drawn regarding the feasibility of bark fibers as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Abaca Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites for Sustainable Structural Application

This study evaluates the physical and mechanical properties of Abaca Fiber Reinforced Polymer (AbFRP) laminates for sustainable structural application. The research examines the impact of alkali treatment on the weight and diameter of the abaca fibers, as well as the tensile strength of both individual fibers and AbFRP laminates. The results indicate that the application of 0.5 wt% NaOH treatment reduced the weight and diameter of abaca fibers by 5.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Alkali treatment enhanced the tensile strength of single fibers, increasing it from 977.8 MPa to 1978.6 MPa, while the tensile strength of AbFRP laminates decreased from 78.1 MPa to 67.3 MPa. In terms of elastic modulus, the untreated and treated AbFRP laminates exhibited values of 14.9 GPa and 18.5 GPa, respectively. These findings demonstrate that AbFRP laminates possess notable mechanical characteristics, making them suitable for implementation for structural application.

Single fiber tensile strength of seagrasses and the development and characterization of zostera marina-based medium density boards

Single fiber tensile strength of seagrasses and the development and characterization of zostera marina-based medium density boards

Unveiling the untapped potential of Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis lignocellulosic fiber: A multifaceted characterization for advancing sustainable biocomposite applications

In the pursuit of sustainable advancements in bio-inspired fiber reinforced polymer composite materials, the exploration of novel natural fibers has become a focal point of research. This experimental study aims to elucidate the unexplored potential of Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis fiber (HRF) as a versatile reinforcement material for high-performance composites. Through an integrated approach, this research offers a meticulous analysis of the HRF's physico-chemical properties, and single fiber tensile strength. The crystalline structure are revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal behavior are characterized through thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and surface morphology has been visualized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies. From the results, it is found that the HRF contains a cellulose content of 79.50%, positioning it as a prime bast fiber among its counterparts. This composition is complemented by hemicellulose (10.36%), lignin (4.62%), wax (0.84%), and ash (2.96%). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra unveils the intricate functional groups present in the fibers. XRD analysis highlights a crystallinity index (CI) of 66.93%, confirming a well-organized and structured crystalline arrangement. The thermal stability established through TGA underscores HRF's resilience up to 284°C, presenting it is an optimal reinforcement material for bio-inspired green composites operating within 280°C. The surface morphology of HRF is examined through FESEM and three-dimensional profiling, showcasing its inherent morphological intricacies. The multidimensional characterization provided herein contributes significantly to the evolving landscape of biocomposite research, fostering a platform for future advancements and innovations in HRF-based composite materials.

Improvement of interfacial adhesion of aramid fiber/polycarbonate composites by surface modification with graphene oxide modified sizing agents

AbstractVarious sizing agents were prepared to enhance the interfacial properties between aramid fiber (AF) and polycarbonate (PC), as well as to enhance the mechanical properties of AF/PC composites. It was found that PC sizing agent, P‐GO sizing agent, and PSi‐GO sizing agent effectively coated the surface of AF from the FTIR and XPS and SEM results. The IFSS and mechanical properties of composites reinforced with fibers treated by the sizing agents exhibited significant improvement, as well as their single fiber tensile strength also improved. Specifically, when AF was treated with PSi‐GO sizing agent, the interfacial shear properties between AF and PC increased by a remarkable 78.69%, reaching 22.89 MPa compared to the original AF/PC composite, the tensile strength of the single‐filament exhibited an increment of 12.4% to 26.4 cN/dtex. Moreover, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of the composite increased by 5.43%, 77.74%, and 54.71%, respectively. These improvement can be attributed to the GO with a higher concentration of chemical groups and excellent dispersion with modified with the silane agent. These findings suggest that coating the AF with sizing agents can effectively enhance its interfacial adhesion with the matrix, which is useful for its application as the reinforcement in the composites.Highlights Adding GO to the sizing agent to change the Aramid fabric surface properties. Silane coupling agent was used to improve the dispersion of GO on the fiber surface. GO modified sizing agent can improve the flexural strength, tensile strength, and interlaminar shear strength of the composites.

Green, simple, and rapid construction of coating on aramid fiber surfaces and their effects on the mechanical properties of aramid fiber/rubber composite interfaces

Green, simple, and rapid construction of coating on aramid fiber surfaces and their effects on the mechanical properties of aramid fiber/rubber composite interfaces

Characterization of new cellulosic fiber derived from Lasia spinosa (L.) thwaites rhizome and its potential use as biodegradable textile material

Fibers extracted from Lasia spinosa (L.) thwaites (LS) were characterized to investigate their potential use as biodegradable textile materials. Mechanical and alkali extraction methods were followed to extract LS rhizome fibers. The morphological, physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the mechanically extracted rhizome fibers from the commonly available LS species of Lamina-dissected type [LDT] and Sagittate type [SG] were investigated. No previous studies have been done to characterize the LS rhizome fibers. Examination of rhizome fiber morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that fibers within the dispersed vascular bundles of the rhizome possess a natural crimp.The FTIR result confirmed that the fibers are rich in cellulose. X-RD results confirm a 43% and 58% crystallinity index of LDT and SG fibers, respectively, indicating higher amorphous regions and lower crystal phases. Moisture regain of 12.5% and 14.5%, single fiber tensile strength of 213.92MPa and 216.97MPa, elongation at break of 16.65% and 17.67%, and Young's modulus of 1.32GPa and 1.26GPa were observed for LDT and SG fibers respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed thermal stability up to 230°C for both fiber types confirming their ability to withstand textile processing.

Review on Fundamental Considerations During Lignocellulosic Fiber Characterization in Light Micromechanical Analysis of Their Composites

Lignocellulose fibers (Cellulosic fibers) are among the major agricultural resources from plant whose potentials are not exploited in some cases and/or underexploited in many cases. If their potentials for industrial application could be exploited, selling the fibers for manufacturing uses would be a win-win situation for both the industries and the farmers, and provide the latter with a much needed source of additional income since composite material reinforced with lignocellulose fibers can be used for diverse application including the production of parts in automotive industry. For this to be successful, it is mandatory to make fiber level characterization. In this process, there are various determinants that affects the characteristics of lignocellulose fiber including agro-ecological zone, plant age from which the fiber is extracted, lignocellulose structure, fiber extraction method and subsequent treatment to enhance properties. This review, therefore, presents the basics of lignocellulose fiber potential and insight into selected deliberation related to fiber level characterization in light of micromechanical analysis for new biocomposite under development. Included in this review, there are considerations to be potted during characterization at fiber level. For fiber diameter measurement and estimation, the following considerations are reported in this paper: measurement method validation, proper cross-section and fiber geometry assumption, lignocellulose structure and internal holes; enough sample consideration, incorporation of analytical method for cross checking. Likewise consideration during estimating fiber density, single fiber tensile strength and stiffness are review and discussed in this review.

Comparison of the Tensile Strength of Single Natural Fibers

Comparison of the Tensile Strength of Single Natural Fibers

Hierarchical interface design of jute fibers/polypropylene composites for enhanced interfacial and mechanical properties

Hierarchical interface design of jute fibers/polypropylene composites for enhanced interfacial and mechanical properties

Quality of Paving Block With Additional Ingredients of King Pineapple Leaf Fiber (Agave Cantala Roxb)

TThe king pineapple plant (Agave Cantala Roxb) is a plant that grows in lowlands and hills with a stem height between 150-200 cm, and leaf lengths between 90-100 cm, on the inside of the leaves contain a lot of fiber wrapped in green outer ciliates. The quality of paving blocks with additional material of fibers of king pineapple leaves with a size of 2-3 cm, with a percentage of 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% of the weight of cement, in a ratio of 1: 5, then molded with a size of 20 cm x 10 cm x 8 cm. Conducted testing of the tensile strength of single fibers and compressive strength of paving blocks. The results of the takari sand fine aggregate gradation test meet the requirements of SNI 03-1986-1990 in zone III. Specific gravity testing is classified as normal fine aggregates of 2.5 to 2.7 according to SNI 1968-1990. The test results of sludge content of 2.62% ? 5% SK SNI S-04-1989-F, the content weight of 1,550 Kg/cm ? 1.2 Kg/Cm³ refers to the 1989 PBI. Test results Single tensile of king pineapple leaf fibers averaged 196,692 MPa. The weight of the block paving volume decreased by 2.16%, while the absorption of block paving water increased by 0.91%. The test results of the strongest compressive strength of paving blocks are found in additional materials of 5% capable of withstanding a load of 57.56 Kg / cm².

Interfacial shear strength of surface functionalized and functionalized CNT coated carbon fiber: A single fiber fragmentation study

The compatibility among nonpolar thermoplastics like polypropylene (PP) and carbon fibers (CF) having traditional sizing or coating is challenging. In this study, facile and effective surface functionalization of CF and its subsequent coating with functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were carried out to obtain improved interfacial shear strength (IFSS) which was validated by the single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT). Functional groups, -COOH, -OH, and -NH2, were separately grafted on the CF surface using different chemical routes. Additionally, ultrasonic assisted electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was used to coat -COOH, -OH, and -NH2 functionalized CNTs on the sized and surface functionalized CFs. Attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images confirmed the successful surface functionalization and coating on CF. Neat PP and a blend of PP and maleic anhydride-grafted-styrene ethylene butylene styrene (MA-g-SEBS) were used as two different base polymer matrixes in preparing a total of 26 different SFFT samples. Silane functionalized CF coated with amine functionalized CNTs using ultrasonic assisted EPD process showed IFSS of ∼29 MPa which was an impressive ∼758% higher than pristine CF and highest among all the surface modified CFs. Interestingly, this translated into useful increase of ∼13% in single fiber tensile strength of functionalized and treated CF over and above that of as received CF.

Thermoelectric performance of basalt fiber with nanocomposite sizing

Thermoelectric fiber is widely used in the fabrication of power generator that could convert waste heat into useful electricity. It is assumed that the excellent thermoelectric performance of the material is highly dependent on thermal stability and conductivity at the same time. In this study, conductive basalt fibers (BFs) were developed by dip-coating with functional sizing consisting of epoxy emulsion and carbon nanotubes (CNT)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Various techniques were employed to characterize the obtained materials. It was found that both CNT/BF and RGO/BF exhibited remarkable thermoelectric performance. The tensile strength of single fibers also increased due to the introduction of carbon materials. Subsequently, conductive BFs were incorporated into the epoxy substrate to fabricate BF-reinforced polymers (BFRPs). The increased interfacial strength of BFRPs suggested the beneficial effect of nanocomposite coating, which was closely associated with their microstructure. The results verified the novel concept for the construction of fiber-based thermoelectric generator with high performance.

Modification of palm fiber with chitosan-AESO blend coating

Natural fibers are available as an essential substitute for synthetic fiber in many applications. However, the sensitivity of Chinese Windmill Palm or Trachycarpus Fortune Fiber (TFF) to water causes low interfacial bonding between the matrix and the fiber and at the end reduces the mechanical properties of the composite product. Alkaline treatment improves mechanical properties and does not affect water absorption. Hence, additional treatment in the coating is required. This study uses alkaline treatment and coating modification using blended chitosan and Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil (AESO). Blend coating between AESO and chitosan is performed to increase water absorption and mechanical properties. TFF water resistance improved significantly after the coating, with water absorption of the alkaline/blend coating-TFF of 3.98 % ± 0.52 and swell ability of 3.156 % ± 0.17. This indicated that blend coating had formed a cross-link of fiber and matrix after alkalization. Thus, the single fiber tensile strength increased due to the alkaline treatment, and water absorption decreased due to the coating. The combination of alkaline treatment and blend coating on TFF brings excellent properties, as shown by the increase in tensile strength in both single fiber test and composite.

Extensive characterization of pretreated/enzyme treated cellulosicAreca catechu L. peduncle fiber for polymer composite applications

AbstractThis paper investigates thermo‐mechanical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of alkali pretreated and enzyme treatedAreca catechutree peduncle fibers (ACTPFs) for probable reinforcement in polymer composites. ACTPFs were pre‐treated with 0.4 M NaOH solution and treated with enzymes such as xylanase, laccase, and pectinase before investigations. Alkali pre‐treated ACTPF (AACTPF) cum pectinase treated AACTPF (PAACTPF) exhibited maximum cellulose content 57.28 wt% and single fiber tensile strength 203.5 ± 22.12 MPa. Further, the crystallinity index and crystal size of PAACTPF was determined as 55% and 12.9 nm by x‐ray diffraction analysis. Also, the prevalence of chemical bonds and thermal stability up to 233°C in PAACTPF was exposed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and thermogravimetric analysis respectively. Moreover, the coarse surface of PAACTPF viewed through scanning electron microscope owing to removal of amorphous contents makes it a considerable counterpart for substitutional reinforcement to artificial fibers in polymer composites.

Influence of Accelerated Aging on the Fiber-Matrix Adhesion of Regenerated Cellulose Fiber-Reinforced Bio-Polyamide

With regard to the sustainability and biological origin of plastic components, regenerated cellulose fiber (RCF)-reinforced polymers are expected to replace other composites in the future. For use under severe conditions, for example, as a housing in the engine compartment, the resistance of the composites and the impact on the fiber and fiber-matrix adhesion must be investigated. Composites of bio-polyamide with a reinforcement of 20 wt.% RCF were compounded using a twin-screw extruder. The test specimens were manufactured with an injection molding machine and aged under conditions of high humidity at 90% r. H, a high temperature of 70 °C, and water storage using a water temperature of 23 °C for 504 h. Mechanical tests, single-fiber tensile tests (SFTT), single-fibre pull-out tests (SFPT), and optical characterization revealed significant changes in the properties of the composites. The results of the SFPT show that accelerated aging had a significant effect on the bio-polymer and an even stronger effect on the fiber, as the single-fiber tensile strength decreased by 27.5%. Supplementary notched impact strength tests revealed a correlation of the impact strength and the accelerated aging of the RCF-reinforced composites. In addition, it could be verified that the tensile strength also decreased at about 37% due to the aging effect on the RCF and a lowered fiber-matrix adhesion. The largest aging impact was on the Young's modulus with a decrease of 45% due to the accelerated aging. In summary, the results show that the strengthening effect with 20 wt.% RCF was highly decreased subsequent to the accelerated aging due to hydrolysis and debonding because of the shrinkage and swelling of the matrix and fiber. These scientific findings are essential, as it is important to ensure that this bio-based material used in the automotive sector can withstand these stresses without severe degradation. This study provides information about the aging behavior of RCF-reinforced bio-based polyamide, which provides fundamental insights for future research.

The effect of mercerization on the physical, mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties of Aerva Tomentosa fiber and fiber-reinforced urea–formaldehyde composites

The effect of mercerization on the physical, mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties of Aerva Tomentosa fiber and fiber-reinforced urea–formaldehyde composites

Study of Treatment Effect on the Cocos Nucifera Lignocellulosic Fibers as Alternative for Polymer Composites

ABSTRACT The usage of new cellulosic fibers in industrial applications is massive because of its excellent performances. These fibers are utilized especially for manufacture of high-performance composites. Coconut leaf sheath (CLS) fibers are extracted for leaf sheath of coconut tree. The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using a natural fiber CLS as an alternative for polymer composites. In the current study, the consequence of NaOH treatment on structural, thermal and morphological behavior of treated and untreated coconut leaf sheath (CLS) fiber in terms of single fiber tensile strength, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (×RD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) has been explored. From SEM analysis, it was identified globular lumps spread consistently over the fiber which could help the mechanical interlock with the resin. The outcomes from the experimentation exposed that the NaOH treatment has impacted in the eradication of amorphous hemicellulose and lignin contents from the CLS fiber surface and in turn resulted in excellent structural and thermal stability behaviour of fiber. The present work endorses the great potential of CLS fibers to be utilized for bio-reinforcement in order to fabricate lightweight composite structures, employed in automobile and structural applications.

Liquid Smoke Treatment for Natural Fibers: The Effect on Tensile Properties, Surface Morphology, Crystalline Properties, and Functional Groups of Banana Stem Fibers

This study aims to determine the effect of the treatment of banana stem fibers (BSF) with grade three liquid smoke on changes in the micromechanical properties of the BSF, single fiber tensile strength, morphology, crystal properties, and functional groups. This study used four variations of the specimen model, namely, fiber without treatment and immersion in liquid smoke for 1, 2, and 3 h. BSF with treatment was dried in an oven at 40 °C for 30 min. Several tests were carried out, including the tensile test for single fiber capacity of 50N standard ASTM 3379-02, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) observation. The results showed that the highest increase in fiber strength occurred in P2J, which was 43.78%, with crystal intensity of 34.97%, compared to TP fiber. Treatment of fiber with liquid smoke can form a strong C-C elemental bond caused by the H2O degradation process in BSF so that the carbon atom (C) becomes solid; under conditions of excessive H2O degradation, the fiber strength will become brittle, however, liquid smoke can increase the fiber tensile strength. The morphology of the fiber changed where the untreated fiber was covered in lignin, while the treated fiber had a rectangular pattern of elongated lines, was porous, and the lignin was eroded. The fiber crystallization index increased due to changes in fiber structure, where the highest peak of TP BSF occurred at point two, while the highest peaks in BSF P1J, P2J, and P3J occurred respectively at points two and three. These results prove that the innovation of BSF treatment with liquid smoke can change the morphology, crystalline, and functional aspects of BSF, so that it becomes the choice of composite reinforcement material in the future, an option that is lightweight and environmentally friendly.