Single Female Workers Research Articles

The work-life situation and “Social Security Literacy” of non-regulated single female workers --Based on the 2020 Survey of non-regulated single female workers--

The work-life situation and “Social Security Literacy” of non-regulated single female workers --Based on the 2020 Survey of non-regulated single female workers--

Modern Womanhood, the Ideology of the Housewife, and Young Female Rural–Urban Migrants in the 1960s and 1970s in South Korea

This paper attempts to clarify how young female rural–urban migrant workers were positioned within the ideology of the housewife as a form of modern womanhood, which was regulated by the developmental state as part of the modern nation-state building in the 1960s and 1970s in South Korea, by analyzing media discourses on the mobility, space and labor of single female workers. First, within the ideology of the housewife, in which women were required to settle down in the private sphere away from the main breadwinners after the Korean War, the mobility of young rural girls was depicted as ‘unsettled’ and ‘unstable’ and thus was socially deviant relative to the ‘settled’ and ‘cared for’ women in the private sphere. Second, the working space as well as the residential space for single female workers was illustrated as a loss of control of their bodies and sexuality under the normative ideology of the housewife, which led to the idealization of the institution of marriage as the final savior for single female workers. Finally, under the patriarchal system and the redefinition of women’s labor in the developmental state based upon familism, the labor by single female workers was ‘housewifized’ either as ‘filial piety’ or a ‘natural duty’ to the family as well as to the motherland.

The Effects of Labor Market Characteristics on Women’s Poverty in Korea

Background: Poverty in Korea is not gender neutral. Both male headed and female headed households experience poverty in distinct ways. This research discusses poverty and how it has evolved in Korea from a gender perspective. Methods: It describes the characteristics of poverty among the working population based on gender and other household attributes. It measures poverty relative to the mean and median incomes of the population in three ways: headcount, poverty gap, and poverty severity. The study uses the probit model to estimate the incidence of poverty and the Heckman sample selection model to analyze poverty’s gap and severity. Our empirical results are based on an unbalanced household level panel covering the period 2006–2016. Results: Our results indicate that multiple factors including issues related to the labor market and demographic characteristics contribute to women’s poverty. Within the working population, women are less likely to be poor than men because they share their partners’ incomes. However, single female workers with children are the poorest demographic group. Conclusion: “Part-time jobs” are a critical factor in determining women’s poverty status, while “work years” and “the quality of occupation” have a crucial impact on the incidence and severity of poverty.

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan pekerja wanita sebagai Ibu rumah tangga

The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors affecting female workers as housewives in Palembang. The independent variables in this research are the level of education, work hours, marriage status, work experience, financial dependency and age. This research was conducted in Palembang, South Sumatra Province. This research used primary data with samples of 97 respondents. The method used in this analysis was the Ordinary Least Squared (OLS) by using E-views 9.0. The result showed that the level of education and work hours had significant and positive effect on the income of female workers from poor households. For the age variable had significant and negative effect on the income of female workers from poor households. Meanwhile, the marriage status variables had no difference income between married and single female workers. For work experience had no significant and negative effect on the income of female workers from poor households, and for financial dependency had positive effect but no significant on the income of female workers from the poor households in Palembang.

Occupational violence among female workers in an Iranian industrial area

ABSTRACTFew studies have examined violence against female workers in the industrial sector. This study explored the prevalence of various types of violence and associated factors among female workers in the industrial sector. This descriptive survey was conducted in eleven industrial sites in Kashan, Iran, from April through September 2014. We used a 78-item questionnaire to obtain data from 817 female workers. More than half of the participants reported having experienced at least one type of violence. The prevalence rates of verbal aggression, sexual harassment, and physical violence were 52.5%, 12% and 11.5%, respectively. Single female workers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.09–4.27), and age older than 35 years were (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.26–2.93) each significantly related to increased odds of verbal violence. Short duration of employment (≤ five years) was the most strongly associated factor for sexual harassment (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.7–2.94). Working the night shift was significantly associated with encountering verbal violence (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.69–3.06). The high prevalence of violence suggests that management in industrial workplaces should invest time and resources in addressing violence. Developing a reporting procedure and training programs are recommended in dealing with workplace violence risk.

Work-life conflict of married and childless single female workers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold: to examine differences in the level of work-life conflict (WLC) experienced by married female workers and childless single female workers, to investigate the difference in the level of commitment to the organization between married female workers and childless single female workers, and to explore the relationship between WLC and organizational commitment and the moderating role of mentoring support in the relationship between WLC and the female workers’ organizational commitment in a highly male-dominated culture.Design/methodology/approachFour hypotheses developed based on a review of the literature were tested using t-tests, a linear regression analysis, and hierarchical moderated regressions.FindingsFirst, no significant differences were found in the level of WLC and the organizational commitment of married and childless single female workers. Second, WLC was negatively related to organizational commitment. Finally, the results showed that mentoring support mitigated the negative effect of WLC on organizational commitment.Originality/valueThe significance of this study includes its investigation of the perceptual differences in WLC and organizational commitment between married and childless single female workers in a highly male-dominated culture. In addition, this study helps readers better understand childless single female workers’ WLC in a highly male-dominant culture.

Are proxy interviews associated with biased earnings reports? Marital status and gender effects of proxy

Social science findings routinely rely on proxy-reported economic data in household surveys. A typical assumption is that this information is not biased compared to self-reports, but empirical findings on the issue are mixed. Using a dataset that links workers in the 2004 Survey of Income and Program Participation to their W-2 tax records, we estimate the effects of reporting status (proxy vs. self) on the magnitude and direction of measurement bias in earnings data and explore whether these effects are heterogeneous across gender and marital status. A slight downward bias in proxy-reported earnings is observed; however, these effects are associated with demographic variables. For married workers, proxies do not contribute substantial bias in earnings measurement regardless of the target respondent’s gender. However, for single female workers, proxy interviews are a significant source of downward bias in earnings estimates. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Quality of life among female workers in edo state: consideration of job-type, age and marital status

This study examined the role of age, marital status and job-type on quality of Life amonge female workers in Edo State (N =188). Results from t-test revealed that female teachers reported better quality of life than female police officer, married female workers reported better quality of life than single female workers, while there was no significant difference in the quality of life between young female workers and older female workers. Results of the analysis of variance revealed that the interaction of age, marital status and job-type have a significant influence on quality of life among female workers. The findings revealed that demographic variables have significant effect on quality of life among female teachers and female police officers

Shared Earnings, Unequal Responsibilities: Single French-Canadian Wage-Earning Women in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1900-1920

The lives OF single French-Canadian wage-earning women in Lowell, Massa chusetts, highlight the considerable variability in the ways women contributed financially to their household economies in the early 20th century. In the extensive literature on French-Canadian immigrants in New England textile cities, there has been little systematic analysis of single female workers. Frances Early's skillful analysis ofthe French-Canadian family economy and standard of living in Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1870s gave little attention to unmarried female workers, except as potential marriage partners to their male counterparts or as wage-earning children who temporarily supplemented the budgets of their families.1 In her seminal work, Family Time and Industrial Time, Tamara Hareven refuted the notion that women's wage labour was essentially confined to a temporary stage in