Abstract
The lives OF single French-Canadian wage-earning women in Lowell, Massa chusetts, highlight the considerable variability in the ways women contributed financially to their household economies in the early 20th century. In the extensive literature on French-Canadian immigrants in New England textile cities, there has been little systematic analysis of single female workers. Frances Early's skillful analysis ofthe French-Canadian family economy and standard of living in Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1870s gave little attention to unmarried female workers, except as potential marriage partners to their male counterparts or as wage-earning children who temporarily supplemented the budgets of their families.1 In her seminal work, Family Time and Industrial Time, Tamara Hareven refuted the notion that women's wage labour was essentially confined to a temporary stage in
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