Single Factor Research Articles

The Moral Injury and Distress Scale: Psychometric evaluation and initial validation in three high-risk populations.

The concept of moral injury resonates with impacted populations, but research has been limited by existing measures, which have primarily focused on war veterans and asked about exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) rather than PMIE exposure outcomes. Our goal was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Moral Injury and Distress Scale (MIDS), a new measure of the possible emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and/or spiritual sequelae of PMIE exposure. The MIDS was validated by surveying three groups: military veterans, healthcare workers, and first responders (N = 1,232). Most respondents (75.0%; n = 924) reported PMIE exposure. Analyses yielded 18 items that contributed to a single latent factor representing moral distress with fully or partially invariant configurations, loadings, and intercepts across occupational groups. The MIDS full-scale score demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .95) and moderate 2-week stability (r = .68, p < .001, n = 155). For convergent validity, associations between the MIDS and PMIE exposure measures, as well as putative indicators of moral injury (e.g., guilt, shame), were positive and large (r = .59-.69, p < .001), as were correlations with posttraumatic stress, depressive, and insomnia symptoms (r = .51-.67, p < .001). The MIDS was a stronger predictor of functioning than PMIE exposure measures, explaining seven times greater unique variance (9% vs. 1%-1.3%). The MIDS is the first scale to assess moral injury symptoms indexed to a specific PMIE that is validated across several high-risk populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Analysis Of The Influence Of Website Quality, Pricing, Customer Trust And Brand Image On Purchase Intention Of Marketplace Customers

The situation of online market company rivalry, which is occasionally becoming more competitive, is what drives this research. As a result, businesses need to develop new marketing tactics in order to both keep and increase their market share. This study looked at how purchase intention was influenced by factors such as price, website quality, brand image, and trust. A questionnaire was used to gather the data for this investigation. Purposive sampling was utilized to choose the sample, which consisted of 100 online shoppers. Using the SPSS program, multiple linear regression was used to examine the data. The findings demonstrated that the single factor influencing purchase intention is the trust variable. Price, website quality, and brand image all have a partially zero impact on purchase intention. Purchase intention is significantly impacted by the factors of trust, brand image, price, and quality all at the same time. Purchase intention is influenced by trust, brand image, price, and website quality.

Analysis of the Construction of a Predictive Model for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

This study aimed to determine indices to diagnose and predict eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) during the initial clinic visit. We retrospectively analyzed 116 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and were classified according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. General data and various clinical indicators were analyzed, and indicators with statistically significant differences between groups were further incorporated into a multivariate logistic regression to establish a comprehensive prediction model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the two significant valuable single factors from previous studies, the difference in CT scores between the ethmoid sinus and the sum difference of the maxillary sinus (EM difference) and the absolute value of peripheral blood eosinophil (bEOS), with a comprehensive prediction model. There were significant differences in history of allergic asthma (p < 0.001), visual analog scale (VAS) score (p=0.005), sino-nasal outcome test-22(SNOT-22) scale score (p=0.004), Lund-Mackay scale score (p=0.017), EM difference (p=0.002), percentage of bEOS (%)(p=0.001), and absolute value of bEOS (×109/L) (p=0.000) between the two groups (p< 0.05). The history of allergic disease, VAS and bEOS were screened out and included in the comprehensive prediction model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the comprehensive prediction model (0.804)> the AUC of the absolute value of the bEOS (0.764)>the AUC of the EM difference (0.655). The AUC of the EM difference and the comprehensive prediction model were statistically different (P=0.025). There was no statistical difference between the absolute value of bEOS and the AUC of the comprehensive prediction model. The comprehensive prediction model covering the three aspects of allergic asthma history, VAS score, and bEOS count had the highest AUC compared to the other predictors and had good predictive power for the diagnosis of ECRS.

The Processes and Relationships in Composers Scale

We introduce a new inventory labeled the Processes and Relationships in Composers Scale (PRCS). This is a novel inventory developed to self-assess creative and social factors inherent in music composition. The PRCS consists of two separate scales of 12 items each, namely the Composing Processes Scale (CPS) and the Social Relationship Scale (SRS). An exploratory factor analysis revealed that the CPS scale has a single factor structure, while the SRS scale relies on three main factors: loneliness, support, and friendship. The total score of the CPS was found to be highly reliable, whereas the SRS obtained a lower score. The PRCS can contribute new insights into how creative and social processes can be self-assessed by music composers with different backgrounds and levels of musical expertise. Our work aims to deepen understanding of the relationship between musical creativity and social life, contributing to existing scholarship that has explored this connection in musical activities specifically.

The study of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) waste utilization into particle board

This research discusses related to one of the processing of waste, especially HDPE waste. HDPE waste is another alternative besides wood to make particle board. HDPE particle board takes advantage of these properties to provide a strong and durable alternative. The use of HDPE particle board provides significant benefits in the context of sustainability and the environment. In the manufacture of particle board in this study there were differences in temperature variations, so the variable in this study was temperature. Sample A has a temperature of 130° and sample B has a temperature of 160°. The particle board is pressed for 20 minutes using a hot press machine using 1 x 1 m molding. Testing of this HDPE particle board includes testing of physical properties, namely in the form of Density and chemical testing in the form of Acidity resistance and Alkalinity resistance. The standards in this study refer to SNI 03-2105-2006 regarding Particle Boards, SNI 01-7201-2006 regarding Plywood and block boards with beautiful paper faces, and ASTM D543. The density test showed a value of 0.90 gr/cm3 in the average sample A and 0.75 gr/cm3 in the average sample A. The results of the ANOVA analysis on the Density test showed that there was a significant difference between each sample and each treatment. the results of the t-Test showed that the treatment of sample A did not meet the standard, while the treatment of sample B met the SNI 03-2105-2006 standard. The acidity and alkalinity resistance were tested visually with the results that the temperature at 130° was more susceptible to reaction than the temperature at 160° Objectives: To find out the result of Density test, Acidity, and Alkalinity resistance of HDPE Particle Board is it already fulfill the standard ; To determine the temperature that has the most significant impact on the performance of HDPE Particle Board. Method and results: 1) Process of making the Particle Board, the process are include material preparation, material weighing, shredding, cleaning, drying, and pressing. 2) Sample Testing, the treatment that used is about variation of temperature. Variable that be used in this study consist of Density, Acidity, &amp; Alkalinity. 3) Data Analysis, by using ANOVA Single Factor and t-Test. Conclusion: The results of Density test by t-Test analysis showed that the treatment of sample A did not meet the standard, while the treatment of sample B already fulfill the SNI 03-2105-2006. In Acidity and Alkalinity resistance there are indicators according to SNI 01-7201-2006 in the form of softening and open cracks in several samples. Density test results show the variable B (160°) is at 0.75 gr/cm3 and already fulfil the standard. Visual test results of Acidity and Alkalinity resistance show the variable B (160°) is more resistant to the effects of acids and bases. So that the optimal variable is at a temperature of 160°.

THREE LEVEL SECURITY AUTHENTICATION IN ONLINE BANKING

Authentication, security, and confidentiality are some of the most important topics of cyber security. There have been many solutions presented to users for strengthening the security of login password-based authentication methods. Primarily this has been through the use of two-factor authentication methods. Two-factor authentication is the combination of single factor authentication mechanisms. The growing popularity and acceptance of two-factor methods are driven by the increasing need for privacy and security in this technological age. The success and popularity of adapted security measures are largely dependent on their ease of implementation and convenience to the user. The focus of this research is to address and analyze the implications of using a three-factor authentication model for added security in websites and mobile apps. This paper will present an app we created which could provide a potential method for three-factor authentication that could potentially ensure added authentication assurances without loss of convenience.

German translation and validation of the complementary and alternative medicine health belief questionnaire (CHBQ)

BackgroundThe Complementary and Alternative Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) measures medical students’ attitudes towards Complementary Medicine (CM). The aim of the study was to examine the validity and reliability of the German translation of the CHBQ.MethodsData for the psychometric evaluation of the German translation were drawn from a study that investigated attitudes towards CM in (a sample of) medical students at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Construct validity was determined via an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability.ResultsThe CHBQ was returned by 278 students, and was fully completed by 260 students (mean age 23.7 years; ± 4.3 SD), 69.2% were female). EFA revealed a single factor solution for all 10 items of the scale. All items, except one, had good item discrimination (range: 0.5–0.8), acceptable mean inter-item-correlation (0.39) and similar median correlation (0.38). Reliability was very good (α = 0.86) and further confirmed by split-half reliability (0.91).ConclusionsThe German version of the CHBQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring students’ attitudes towards CM.

Health Care Waste Assessment in a Secondary Health Care Facility in Anambra State, Nigeria

Background: Proper management of waste generated in healthcare facilities is very important for patient safety, disease containment, and the general safety of healthcare workers in the facilities. It is important that healthcare workers have a good knowledge of healthcare waste management, develops good attitude towards healthcare waste management and practices standard health care waste management protocols as stipulated by the World Health Organization. Objectives: This study therefore assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of health care waste management among health care workers in Borromeo Hospital, Anambra State. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among healthcare workers selected using multistage sampling technique in 6 categories of healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, lab scientists/technicians, pharmacists/technicians, hospital attendants) in Borromeo Hospital, Onitsha, using a pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and associations and correlations between dependent and independent variables were tested at the bivariate level using Pearson Chi-square test and t-test as appropriate. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: A total of 73 healthcare workers were studied. Most of the respondents were female nurses with 0-5 years of working experience.58.9% of respondents had a very good knowledge of health care waste management and 37% had a relatively good knowledge. Majority of respondents (85%) agreed that HBV immunization prevents hospital transmission while 79.4% disagreed that containment of sharps does not help in safe management of hospital wastes.89% of the respondents adheres strictly to waste management regulations while only 2.7% of the respondents do not wear gloves in handling medical waste. Most of the respondents (83.6%) agreed that the number of patients in the facility was the single main factor .......

Controlling Corruption Crimes In Indonesian Public Officials Using Multiple Factor Approaches

The research aims to examine the control of corruption crimes in Indonesian public officials using multiple factor approaches. This research is qualitative research with primary data sources directly from the Corruption Eradication Commission with a period of 2028-2022 . The results of this research explain that corruption committed by public officials is a crime that involves exploiting power and authority to obtain personal economic gain. Corruption behavior becomes interesting to discuss by studying patterns so that we can predict future corruption behavior and find out how to prevent corruption crimes. This paper finds that corruption committed by public officials is a type of individual bureaucratic crime and governmental occupational crime. The individual type of bureaucratic crime is the type that most often occurs in corruption of public officials. There are 6 fields where corruption is carried out, where the field of development project licensing is the field where corruption occurs the most. The mode most often used in corruption of public officials is the abuse of authority followed by bribery behavior. Early theories of criminal behavior have been criticized because they emphasized one factor as the cause of crime. Factors such as inherited physical traits, biological inferiority, weak minds, emotional disorders, or poverty are described as the sole causes of crime. The multifactor approach in criminology grew out of differences in the single factor approach. Its adherents argue that crime must be understood in terms of the multiple contributions made by various factors. The assumption is that crime is the product of many biological, psychological, economic and social factors and that different crimes will be the result of different combinations of factors. Therefore, the 'correct' approach in criminology is an eclectic approach that emphasizes the identification and analysis of a variety of factors

Simulation and attribution analysis of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage of Hainan Island from 2015 to 2050

Terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage (TECS) could significantly affect the concentration of atmospheric CO2, which is critical for climate change prediction. Along these lines, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs model was employed to determine the TECS of Hainan Island (HN) from 2015 to 2050 accurately. Besides, the Future Land-use Simulation model combined with natural and anthropogenic factors was used to forecast the land-use types from 2025 to 2050 in HN by considering different Shared-socioeconomic pathway-Rrepresentative concentration pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios. Finally, the geographical detector explored the influence mechanism concerning the TECS. Under the SSP1-RCP1.9 scenario, the TECS of HN will be gradually increased to 388.10 million tons in 2050, mainly due to the increase in forest areas and the fact that the majority of grassland in the western part of HN is being converted into forest. Under different SSP-RCP scenarios except for SSP1-RCP1.9, HN's TECS is expected to gradually decrease from 2015 to 2050, mainly due to the loss of grassland and forest in coastal low-altitude areas. From the single/pair factor perspective influenced mechanism concerning the TECS, the elevation (DEM) and DEM∩Slope were found to be the dominant single/pair factor under the SSP1-RCP1.9, SSP1-RCP2.6 and SSP2-RCP4.5 scenarios. The least distance to residential area (LDP) and LDP∩LDR (i.e. LDP and least distance to roads or railways) were found to be the dominant factors under the SSP3-RCP7.0, SSP4-RCP3.4, SSP4-RCP6.0, SSP5-RCP3.4 and SSP5-RCP8.5 scenarios. Besides, the pair factors provided a higher determinant power for TECS than a single factor. Given the results of the TECS and the influence mechanism concerning the TECS under different SSP-RCP scenarios, we suggest reasonably planning the transportation network and limiting the disorderly expansion of construction land.

PEMBERIAN MOL KEONG MAS DAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KACANG NAGARA DI LAHAN GAMBUT

This research aims to examine the effect of the interaction of golden snail MOL with chicken manure on the growth and yield of nagara bean plants and to examine the best combination of golden snail MOL and chicken manure on the growth and yield of nagara bean plants. This research used a factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor of the MOL dose for golden snails consists of 4 levels, m1 = 5 ml L-1 : m2 = 10 ml L-1 : m3 = 15 ml L-1 : m4 = 20 ml L-1. The second factor of chicken manure dosage (K) consists of 4 levels, k0 = 0 t ha-1 :k1 = 5 t ha-1 :k2 = 10 t ha-1 :k3 = 15 t ha-1. The results of the study showed that there was no interaction between golden snail MOL and chicken manure on all observed parameters. The single factor of giving MOL golden snails had a significant effect on the variable height of plants aged 4, 7, 13, and 14 WAP. Providing higher concentrations of golden snail MOL (20 and 15 ml L-1) had a good effect on the growth of nagara bean plants. The single factor of giving chicken manure had a significant effect on the variables of plant height aged 11, 12, 13, and 14 WAP, weight of 100 seeds, seed yield per plant, and plant yield per hectare. Providing chicken manure at a rate of 15 t ha-1 had a good effect on plant height, number of seeds, weight of 100 seeds, seed yield, yield per plant, and yield per hectare.

Treatment of Monochlorobenzene from Polymers Process through Electrochemical Oxidation.

With the rapid development of the economy and the demands of people's lives, the usage amount of polymer materials is significantly increasing globally. Chlorobenzenes (CBS) are widely used in the industrial, agriculture and chemical industries, particularly as important chemical raw materials during polymers processes. CBS are difficult to remove due to their properties, such as being hydrophobic, volatile and persistent and biotoxic, and they have caused great harm to the ecological environment and human health. Electrochemical oxidation technology for the treatment of refractory pollutants has been widely used due to its high efficiency and easiness of operation. Thus, the electrochemical oxidation system was established for the efficient treatment of monochlorobenzene (MCB) waste gas. The effect of a single factor, such as anode materials, cathode materials, the electrolyte concentration, current density and electrode distance on the removal efficiency (RE) of MCB gas were first studied. The response-surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the relationships between different factors' conditions (current density, electrolyte concentration, electrode distance), and a prediction model was established using the Design-Expert 10.0.1 software to optimize the reaction conditions. The results of the one-factor experiments showed that when treating 2.90 g/m3 MCB gas with a 0.40 L/min flow rate, Ti/Ti4O7 as an anode, stainless steel wire mesh as a cathode, 0.15 mol/L NaCl electrolyte, 10.0 mA/cm2 current density and 4.0 cm electrode distance, the average removal efficiency (RE), efficiency capacity (EC) and energy consumption (Esp) were 57.99%, 20.18 g/(m3·h) and 190.2 (kW·h)/kg, respectively. The results of the RSM showed that the effects of the process parameters on the RE of MBC were as follows: current density > electrode distance > electrolyte concentration; the interactions effects on the RE of MBC were in the order of electrolyte concentration and current density > current density and electrode distance > electrolyte concentration and electrode distance; the optimal experimental conditions were as follows: the concentration of electrolyte was 0.149 mol/L, current density was 18.11 mA, electrode distance was 3.804 cm. Under these conditions, the RE achieved 66.43%. The response-surface variance analysis showed that the regression model reached a significant level, and the validation results were in agreement with the predicted results, which proved the feasibility of the model. The model can be applied to treat the CBS waste gas of polymer processes through electrochemical oxidation.

Evaluating the carbon total factor productivity of China: based on Cobb-Douglas production function.

This paper introduces a novel methodology for estimating carbon total factor productivity based on the Cobb-Douglas production function. The research method introduced in this article expands upon the framework for assessing total factor productivity through the Solow residual method. It unifies the conceptual and methodological aspects of carbon total factor productivity with those of single factor productivity. Utilizing panel data from various provinces between 2010 and 2021, we computed carbon total factor productivity to understand its implications for China in combating global climate change. We demonstrate that (i) we have introduced a method to handle negative coefficients in the Cobb-Douglas production function by incorporating productivity in lieu of input factors during calculations. (ii) Carbon total factor productivity, encapsulating the geometric weighted mean of labor, capital, and carbon productivity, holds notable economic relevance. Further, it serves as an integrative metric comprising carbon productivity intertwined with the mean labor and capital carbon factors. And (iii) the influence of carbon total factor productivity growth on economic progression remains relatively subdued, with escalating labor force growth posing detrimental effects on several provincial economies. Enhancing carbon total factor productivity emerges as an imperative to harmonize robust economic growth with strategic carbon curtailment. Our analytical framework provides nuanced perspectives on productivity determinants, accentuating the thrust towards sustainable evolution amidst climatic challenges. This investigation bears profound significance for policymakers endeavoring to sculpt a carbon-conscious economic paradigm in consonance with global climatic ambitions.

Exploring the critical success factors of information security management: a mixed-method approach

Purpose Effective information security management (ISM) contributes to building a healthy organizational digital ecology. However, few studies have built an analysis framework for critical influencing factors to discuss the combined influence mechanism of multiple factors on ISM performance (ISMP). This study aims to explore the critical success factors and understand how these factors contribute to ISMP. Design/methodology/approach This study used a mixed-method approach to achieve this study’s research goals. In Study 1, the authors conducted a qualitative analysis to take a series of International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission standard documents as the basis to refine the critical factors that may influence organizations’ ISMP. In Study 2, the authors built a research model based on the organizational control perspective and used the survey-based partial least squares-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach to understand the relationships between these factors in promoting ISMP. In Study 3, the authors used the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to empirically analyze the complex mechanisms of how the combinations of the factors affect ISMP. Findings The following three research findings are obtained. First, based on the text-based qualitative analysis, the authors refined the critical success factors that may increase ISMP, including information security policies (ISP), top management support (TMS), alignment (ALI), information security risk assessment (IRA), information security awareness (ISA) and information security culture (ISC). Second, the PLS-SEM testing results confirmed TMS is the antecedent variable motivating organization’s formation (ISP) and information control (ISC) approaches; these two types of organization control approaches increase IRA, ISA and ALI and then promote ISMP directly and indirectly. Third, the fsQCA testing results found two configurations that can achieve high ISMP and one driving path that leads to non-high ISMP. Originality/value This study extends knowledge by exploring configuration factors to improve or impede the performances of organizations’ ISM. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to explore the use of the fsQCA approach in information security studies, and the results not only revealed causal associations between single factors but also highlighted the critical role of configuration factors in developing organizational ISMP. This study calls attention to information security managers of an organization should highlight the combined effect between the factors and reasonably allocate organizational resources to achieve high ISMP.

The Pathological Factors Involved in Current In Vitro Atherosclerotic Models.

Cardiovascular disease stemmed from atherosclerosis (AS) is well recognized to be the predominant cause of global death. To comprehensively clarify the pathogenesis of AS, exploit effective drugs, as well as develop therapeutic solutions, various atherosclerotic models were constructed in vitro and widely utilized by the scientific community. Compared with animal models, the in vitro atherosclerotic models play a prominent role not only in the targeted research of single pathological factor related to AS in the human derived system, but also in the combined study on multipathological factors leading to AS, thereby contributing tremendously to the in-depth elucidation of atherosclerotic pathological process. In the current review, a variety of pathological factors incorporated into the existing atherosclerotic models in vitro are broadly elaborated, including the pathological mechanism, in vitro simulation approaches, and the desired improvement perspectives for reproducing each pathological factor. In addition, this review also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of current atherosclerotic models as well as their potential functionality. Finally, the promising aspects for future atherosclerotic models in vitro with potential advances are also discussed.

Exploring effective implementation pathways to become an excellent chief financial officer in public hospital: a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) from China

BackgroundHospital chief financial officer (CFO) contributes to improving health system performance. However, how to become an excellent hospital CFO has rarely been considered from a holistic perspective. This paper aims to identify competencies required by hospital CFO to fulfil the position’s responsibilities and explore effective implementation pathways to generate high performance and improve healthcare service.MethodsWe conducted 61 semi-structured interviews with individuals in key leadership positions in China’s hospitals and researchers focusing on healthcare system management to identify core competencies necessary for hospital CFO. Interviews were analysed through a multi-stage review process and modified via expert vetting using a national panel of 23 professors. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with 32 hospital CFOs from 14 provinces throughout September 2021 to May 2022. We scored the performance of 32 hospital CFOs in various aspects of competency and used the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the competency configurations of excellent CFOs.ResultsWe identify seven core competencies necessary for a hospital CFO to fulfil management practices, including personal morality, resource management, strategy management, learning ability, negotiating skill, leadership skill, and financial management. The findings indicate that a single competency factor is not a necessary condition to become an excellent hospital CFO. The results of qualitative comparative analysis then make it possible to propose four configurational paths, namely, supportive, interpersonal, all-around development, and technical, to become an excellent hospital CFO and achieve effective managerial performance.ConclusionsThe responsibilities of hospital CFOs are complex and varied, hence, a better understanding of competencies required by CFO is essential to implement their responsibilities effectively. The identification in this study of the four effective implementation pathways to becoming an excellent hospital CFO enriches the literature on hospital management and provides implications for China’s hospitals and their CFOs.

Experimental study and mechanism analysis of a pulsed laser cleaning aluminum alloy process.

A pulse laser with a wavelength of 1064nm and a pulse width of 1µs was used to experiment on the coating of a 2024 aluminum alloy surface. The removal performance of the pulse laser cleaning coating was explored by a single factor analysis and orthogonally conditions, and the effects of the laser power, scanning speed, and pulse frequency on the quality of laser coating removal were summarized. The mechanisms of pulse laser cleaning the coating were studied. The results show that the three parameters of the laser power, scanning speed, and pulse frequency have different effects on the quality of laser coating removal. Among them, with the increase of the scanning speed and pulse frequency, the quality of laser cleaning first increases and then decreases, respectively. With the increase in laser power, the quality of laser cleaning increases. A good laser cleaning quality can be achieved at the laser power of 16.5W, a scanning speed of 600mm/s, and a pulse frequency of 30kHz. The laser cleaning coating involves a variety of mechanisms such as combustion, explosion, gasification, thermal vibration stripping, and laser plasma impact. The result can provide practical references for a better searching of the paint removal.

Preparation of Novel Flaxseed Oil/Beeswax Oleogel Systems and Its Application in the Improvement of Sodium Alginate Films.

The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel kind of flaxseed oil (FO)/beeswax oleogel system and apply it to improve the properties of sodium alginate films. Three single factors, namely the ratio of beeswax/FO, the addition of oleogel, and the addition of glycerol, were optimized based on the comprehensive score of film characteristics: elongation at break (EAB), tensile strength (TS), hydroxyl radical clearance (HRC), and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film. When the ratio of beeswax/FO was 7.807%, the addition of oleogel was 4.829%, and the addition of glycerol was 31.088%, the comprehensive score of the film characteristics was maximum. Moreover, the Decapterus maruadsi preserved by the produced films were assessed for drip loss, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and fatty acids composition. In comparison to the control, the produced films incorporated with linseed oil/beeswax oleogel had a longer shelf-life than Decapterus maruadsi. In conclusion, the oleogel system prepared via linseed oil/beeswax had good stability and hydrophobicity, which can significantly improve the characteristics of the film and extend the shelf-life of Decapterus maruadsi.

The Effect of Applying Azolla Liquid Organic Fertilizer in the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings in Pre-Nursery

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The development and replanting of smallholder oil palm is rapid and massive; its success from the beginning is determined, among others, by sufficient quantities of seeds with good quality. Nutrient management is the highest priority in nurseries, and along with strengthening the application of sustainability principles in the palm oil industry, alternative sources of nutrients other than inorganic fertilizers are needed. This study aimed to determine the right concentration of Azolla liquid organic fertilizer to increase the growth of oil palm seedlings in pre-nursery. The study was a single factor arranged in a completely randomized design. The studied treatment of POC Azolla concentrations of 100, 85, 75, 65, 55, 45, 35, 25, 15%, plus compost treatment of Azolla solids, NPKMg (15-15-6-4) and urea with 8 repetitions. Required seedlings (9+3) x 8 = 96 polybags. The results showed that applying Azolla POC concentration of 15-35% and solid Azolla compost provided the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery, which tended to be better than inorganic fertilizers. POC in this concentration range also results in a better seedling root system, thus potentially increasing the adaptability of oil palm seedlings after being transplanted on permanent land&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of the green view index in urban areas based on street view images: A case study of Futian District, Shenzhen, China

Urban green space provides a variety of benefits, and the green view index (GVI) is regarded as an effective indicator to evaluate the quality of green spaces from a human perspective. To investigate the drivers of the spatial differentiation in GVI in urban areas, the GVI was calculated based on Baidu street view images and semantic segmentation in Futian District, Shenzhen, and its spatial variation characteristics were explored. The dominant influencing factors of GVI were analyzed and screened by applying the Pearson correlation coefficient and optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD). The results showed that the overall GVI was high in the study area, with an average value of approximately 28%. The scale effect of GVI was not obvious, but the spatial heterogeneity was distinct, and the hot spots and cold spots of GVI had an evident clustered distribution. The spatial variation of GVI was influenced by the vegetation cover, landscape pattern, built environment and socioeconomic factors. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was the most dominant factor affecting the spatial differentiation of GVI, followed by land cover, fractal dimension index, patch area, building density and proximity. Furthermore, the interaction of the influencing factors had a higher degree of explanation than a single factor. In highly urbanized areas, exploring the factors affecting the spatial differentiation of GVI can provide a basis for optimizing the layout and structure of green spaces, contributing to a better perception and quality of urban greening.