Single Factor Analysis Of Variance Research Articles

Levels of Heavy Metals in Blood of Electronic Technicians in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

In human, blood is a body fluid that circulate over the body and transport nutrients and other substances like oxygen, hormones, waste products among others to the cells and organs. It is a dynamic component for the survival and functioning of living organisms. Thus, the levels of heavy metal in the blood of Electronic Technicians were investigated during the dry season of 2021. Forty (40) blood samples from Electronic Technicians were purposively collected with the aid of 5ml needle and syringes into EDTA bottles and placed in an ice-chest, and were taken into laboratory for further analysis of Lead (Pb), Mercy (Hg) and Arsenic (As) respectively. Non-experimental method like interview and observational technique (number of years, age and marital status) were also utilized. The Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), Descriptives Statistics, Single Factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SPSS version 23 were used for the organization of data. Result inter-alia reveals that the mean lead (Pb) of 0.64218 ±0.9245 (mg/L) is high. The working experience range of exposure for lead (Pb) revealed further that 11-20years has the highest bioaccumulation value of 12.41mg/L followed by 1-10years having 6.65mg/L respectively. The highest mercury value in the blood of Electronic Technician in this study was 4.45mg/L for an exposure-years of 1-10years working experience while the least mercury value in the blood of Electronic Technician in this study was 0.10mg/L for an exposure-years of 41-50years working experience. The value of arsenic in the blood of Electronic Technicians from 11-12years of experience had the highest value of bioaccumulation of 8.47mg/L followed by1-10years which recorded 3.02mg/L. These values of lead, mercury and arsenic as observed in this study serves as risks factors to the recipient’s health status since they are of higher values to the reference factor. Thus, electronic technician should undergo intensive medical attention to ascertain their health status with heavy metal. Both government and nongovernmental agencies should create sensitization and awareness campaign on the need for the utilization of personal protective devices at work environment no matter the nature of the small and medium-scale enterprises.

DEVELOPMENT OF DASMA INDAK - INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEO FOR ATHLETES AND COACHES IN DANCESPORT: A BASIS FOR INSTRUCTION

This descriptive quantitative research study was conducted to determine the level evaluations of the Dasma Indak- instructional video material to standard ballroom dancing of selected coaches and athletes of Dasmarinas City that serve as a basis of instruction in the training Dancesport particularly the level of evaluation of the video material in terms of visual clarity and appeal, audio, content, learning and its impact. There were 10 coaches and 46 athletes participated in this study, the information was gathered through survey questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test, single factor analysis of variance, and spearman rho correlation was used to analyze the data gathered from the coaches and athletes. The result of the study found that the instructional video material is significant, effective and indicated that the Dasma-Indak instructional video material has a major long-term impact. The null hypotheses was rejected except on the test of differences in the evaluation of the Dasma-Indak instructional video material, based on the coaches years of involvement in dance sports. This study recommends that the video material to be implemented in PE courses related to Dancesport or ballroom dancing where teacher and students can benefit as well. This could be incorporated also in a wider range of area, coaches, and athletes and not limited in the City of Dasmariñas. It is also possible to develop an instructional video material in Latin American Discipline of Dancesport since the material is only limited to standard ballroom dancing. Lastly, the support for future research would further help this investigation.

Examination of Mathematics Course Achievements of Students who Took the High School Entrance Exam in terms of Different Factors

The main purpose of this research is to examine the mathematics course achievement levels of students who take the high school entrance exam according to some variables. For this purpose, the data of the research were collected with the help of a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The descriptive survey model, which is a quantitative method, was used in the research. The research was carried out in the first semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 417 students studying in the 9th grade of different high schools in Tatvan central district of Bitlis province and taking the high school entrance exam. Data analysis was performed by t-test and single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). As a result of the analysis; It was determined that the mathematics course achievement levels of the students who took the high school entrance exam did not differ significantly according to the gender variable, but there were significant differences according to the school type, mother and father education level, monthly income level and whether there was a computer-internet at home. Some suggestions were made based on the research results.

Effects of stumping on fine root architecture, growth, and physiology of Hippophae rhamnoides.

Fine roots are vital to a plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients. Stumping is a practice that may encourage fine root growth and the rapid recovery of decaying Hippophae rhamnoides plants. However, the effect of stumping on the fine roots and physiological indices is still unknown. The differential indices between stumped forests and non-stumped forests must also be defined. We recorded the changes in the fine roots of structure H. rhamnoides one year after stumping. Using single factor analysis of variance and general linear models we comprehensively analyzed the number of root tips and the plant's growth and physiological indices in response to stumping. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to compare fine root growth and physiological indices with and without stumping in order to identify the differential indices. The proportion of root tips in the vertical layers at 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm and in the horizontal layers at 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm, increased after stumping by 1.85%, 2.60%, 1.96% and 4.32%, respectively. In the 0-50 cm soil layer, the fine root dry weight rose by 27.6% compared with the control, which was not significant. However, other indices were significantly different from the control. The proportions in the growth indices in the 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm layers increased after stumping. Stumping had a significant, negative effect on proline and malondialdehyde content, which dropped by 40.95% and 55.32%, respectively, indicating that the harms caused by these two chemicals was alleviated. Stumping had a significant positive effect on root activity and soluble sugar contents, which increased by 68.58% and 36.87%, respectively, and improved the growing ability of fine roots. PLS-DA revealed that malondialdehyde, soluble sugars, root density, and the number of root tips ranked from having the least to greatest effect on the classification of stumping and no-stumping. The process of stumping may promote fine roots growth in H. rhamnoides, and is favorable for their longitudinal development. The fine root growing indices of H. rhamnoides responded positively to this process. Stumping promotes root activity and the creation of soluble sugar to maintain the growth and development of fine roots. It also inhibits the negative effects of proline and malondialdehyde on fine roots. Our study showed that the differential physiological indices were more important for classification than the differential growing indices.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF WORKING POSITION ON MUSCLE FATIGUE DURING HEDGE PRUNING: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY BASED ON CHINESE GARDEN WORKERS

Occupational health is still in the developmental stage in China. There is a lack of focus on garden workers. Hedge pruning is one of garden workers’ main tasks, a common operation form in modern landscaping. Garden workers who operate the hedge trimmer generally suffer from work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study aims to demonstrate which working condition causes the most muscle fatigue, evaluate work fatigue accurately, and reduce WMSDs in garden workers. One hundred and twenty garden workers were studied during six hedge pruning conditions using surface electromyography (sEMG) and a motion capture system. The sEMG of the erector spinae, trapezius, biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscle, and kinematic parameters was measured during the operation. The average standardized sEMG values of upper-limb and trunk muscles in different working conditions were analyzed using single-factor analysis of variance. In the six working conditions, the trunk inclination angle was the largest (40–50∘) in horizontal pruning of short hedges, and the load of erector spinae (39.31–39.62%) was the highest in this condition. Operators’ arms were above shoulder height in high hedge pruning, the shoulder joint angle and the elbow joint angle were generally larger, the load of trapezius (49.33–55.65%), biceps brachii (46.50–52.35%) and right brachioradialis (52.35%) was the highest in horizontal pruning of high hedges, and the load of left brachioradialis (40.91%) was the highest in vertical pruning of high hedges. Awkward working postures can lead to problems such as overwork of upper-limb and trunk muscles, representing a risk that increases occupational illness, injuries and chronic diseases among garden workers. Preventive measures are required to reduce the occurrence of excessive local muscle load, and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Effects of heat exposure and vitamin C intervention on oxidative stress and blood pressure changes in treadmill rats

Objective: To investigate the effect of oxidative stress caused by heat exposure on the blood pressure increase of treadmill rats and the intervention of antioxidants. Methods: In June 2021, Twenty-four healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal temperature feeding, normal temperature treadmill, high temperature treadmill and high temperature treadmill supplementation with vitamin C groups, 6 rats in each group. The rats run on the platform in normal temperature or heat exposure environment for 30 min in the morning and in the afternoon daily, 6 days per week. The daily vitamin C supplement dose of high temperature treadmill supplementation with vitamin C group was 10 mg/kg. BP recordings were done at the end of the week. The rat vascular lipofuscin (LF) was detected by ELISA, the rat serum nitric oxide (NO) was detected by nitrate reductase method, the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected by thibabituric acid method, the serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by chemiluminescence method, and the serum catalase (CAT) was detected by ammonium molybdate method. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of serum was measured by iron reduction/antioxidant capacity method, and the content of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in vascular tissue was measured by Western blot. The intra-group mean was compared by repeated measurement analysis of variance, and the inter-group mean was compared by single-factor analysis of variance and post-event LSD-t test. Results: Compared with the previous time point, the systolic BP and diastolic BP of the high temperature treadmill group were significantly increased at 7, 14 and 21 d, and decreased at 28 d which were higher than the initial level (P<0.05), and the systolic BP and diastolic BP values at each experimental time point were significantly higher than those of normal temperature treadmill group (P<0.001). The changes of thickening of the artery wall, no smoothing of the endodermis and irregular arrangement of muscle cells in high temperature treadmill group were observed. Compared with the normal temperature treadmill group, the content of MDA in serum, and LF in vascular tissue were significantly increased, the activities of SOD, CAT, T-AOC, the content of NO in serum, and the expression of Nrf2 in vascular tissue were significantly decreased in high temperature treadmill group (P<0.05). Compared with the high temperature treadmill group, the systolic BP and diastolic BP values at 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, the content of serum MDA and LF in vascular tissue were significantly decreased, the activities of CAT and T-AOC, and the expression of Nrf2 in vascular tissue significantly increased (P<0.05), the histopathological changes of the artery wall improved in high temperature treadmill supplementation with vitamin C group. Conclusion: Heat exposure has effect on oxidative stress, which may be related to the increase of BP. Vitamin C as an anti-oxidative enhancer can prevent those negative effects, which could alleviate the pathological changes of vessel intima in heat-exposed rats. And the Nrf2 may be a regulated factor to vascular protection.

Study on Properties of Intercalated Melt-blown Nonwovens

Based on the intercalating melt-blown non-woven material performance control principle, through the single factor analysis of variance, two-factor variance analysis and typical correlation analysis, partial least-squares regression model is established, a multi-objective optimization model, structure parameters and performance parameters of the respectively as sample, using the typical correlation analysis between the two sample data, the paper analyses the inner link, The results show that product thickness has a strong positive correlation with filtration resistance.Then the Pearson correlation coefficients between structural variables and product performance were calculated respectively, and the correlation size was judged by the value of the correlation coefficient. It was concluded that the product thickness and porosity had a strong positive correlation.Finally to filter products of the highest efficiency as objective function and combined with multiple constraints, single objective optimization model is set up, using simulated annealing algorithm to optimization, then the product of the highest filter efficiency and minimum drag as the objective function, combination of conditions such as receiving distance and speed of hot air to multi-objective optimization model is established.Then, according to the priority order of constraints, the multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into two single-objective optimization problems, and the rationality of the results is tested according to the factors such as the initial gas flow rate and the number of superimposed layers. It is concluded that the filtration efficiency and filtration resistance solved in this paper are the optimal solutions.

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ ВУЗА КАК ОСНОВА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛА

Background. Psychological safety of educational organizations ensures the quality of training of professionals of a new formation, resistant to social and organizational changes, able to work in situations of varying degrees of uncertainty. Objective. Th e research had its purpose to study the dynamics of students’ perception of psychological safety of educational environment in the process of training in higher educational institutions, to reveal the relationship between the students’ level of professional competence and their perception of psychological safety of educational environment, and to develop practical recommendations for the heads of educational organizations based on the obtained results. Sample. Th e study involved 200 students aged 17 to 22 years of 1–4 courses of the training direction “Pedagogical education”, educating in the profi le “Primary education”. Methods. Th e study implemented the case method, which allows to determine the level of formation of pedagogical competencies (unformed, threshold, and advanced) and the modifi ed questionnaire “Safety Attitudes”, which allows for assessing the psychological safety of educational environment of a university in terms of “atmosphere of teamwork”, “atmosphere of safety”, “satisfaction with studies”, “recognition (understanding) of stress”, “perception of management/leadership (at the faculty, university level)”, “learning conditions”. Correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between the indicators of psychological safety of educational environment of a university and the level of formation of professional pedagogical competencies. Single-factor analysis of variance was used to determine the reliability of diff erences in the observed indicators between the students of diff erent courses. Results. Th e analysis of the data obtained demonstrated that students’ perception of the psychological safety of educational organization changes from year 1 to year 4: signifi cant diff erences are observed in the indicators “Atmosphere of teamwork”, “Atmosphere of safety”, “Recognition (understanding) of stress”, “Perception of management / leadership at the faculty level”. Th e study revealed the interrelation between the 4th year students’ level of professional competence and their perception of psychological safety of educational environment on the indicators of “atmosphere of teamwork”, “atmosphere of safety”, “management/leadership at the faculty level”. Conclusion. Th e results of the study give grounds to consider the psychological safety of educational environment of a university as an important factor in the successful formation of a professional. Increasing the level of psychological safety of an educational organization is based on three actions: measurement, intervention, and prevention. Th e developed practical recommendations allow an educational organization to carry out psychological diagnostics according to proposed algorithm, to determine the target points in perception of psychological safety of a university environment (according to the scales of the questionnaire), to assist the students in their educational and extracurricular activities, and to implement a set of preventive measures.

Исходные формы земляники садовой для селекции на продуктивност ь и качество плодов

The world assortment of strawberries includes about 15 thousand varieties, lines and shapes. Breeding work continues in various directions, but the priority remains the creation of varieties characterised by high productivity, large-fruited and marketable fruits that meet the requirements of industrial cultivation. It is possible to increase the efficiency of breeding in this direction by finding and using new sources and donors of valuable traits. The aim of the research was to study the characters of productivity and quality of strawberry fruit in order to identify new breeding sources. The research was carried out at the strawberry genetic collection located in the Moscow region, at the Department of Genetics and Breeding of Garden Crops of the Federal Horticultural Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The subjects of the study were strawberry plants of 33 varieties of different genetic and geographical origin recommended in the scientific literature for industrial cultivation. The variety samples were studied according to the Program and methodology of variety studies of fruit, berry and nut crops. Microsoft Excel was used for statistical data processing by single-factor analysis of variance and grouping of varieties based on NSR0.5. When studying strawberry varieties grown under field conditions using traditional technology, the highest productivity was noted in the varieties: ‘Rozana Kievskaya’ (431.5 g/bush), ‘Troitskaya’ (392.7 g/bush), ‘Al’fa’ (322.4 g/bush), ‘Irma’ (318.2 g/bush), ‘Kokinskaya Pozdnyaya’ (300.2 g/bush). The sources of large fruit are identified in the varieties: ‘Kokinskaya Pozdnyaya’, ‘Festival’naya Romashka’, ‘Irma’, ‘Arosa’, ‘Troitskaya’, ‘Florence’, ‘Jemma’, ‘Vima Kimberly’, ‘Tsaritsa’, ‘Nelly’, ‘Vityaz’’, ‘Asia’, ‘Selekta’, ‘Сlery’, ‘Vima Zanta’, ‘Urozhaynaya TsGL’, ‘Rozana Kievskaya’, ‘Al’fa’, ‘Alba’, ‘Venta’, ‘Tsarskosel’skaya’, ‘Bryanich’, ‘Borovitskaya’, ‘Tago’. The highest hardness of fruits was observed in the varieties ‘Arosa’ and ‘Vima Kimberly’ varieties. The varieties ‘Kubata’, ‘Nelly’, ‘Florence’, ‘Asia’, ‘Alba’, ‘Irma’, ‘Tago’, and ‘Lakomaya’ showed a high level of the trait. As a result of the study, sources of high potential productivity (“large fruit” and “number of ovaries per bush”) were identified: ‘Rozana Kievskaya’, ‘Troitskaya’, ‘Al’fa’. The varieties ‘Florence’, ‘Vima Kimberly’, ‘Asia’, ‘Arosa’, ‘Irma’, ‘Nelly’ are recommended as sources for fruit quality (“large fruit” and “fruit hardness”).

АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРЫ МИКРОТРАВМИРОВАНИЯ РАБОТНИКОВ ПРИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИИ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ

The article considers the problem of forecasting and operational assessment of the distribution of the probability of occurrence of micro-injuries of workers. Experimental data were obtained as a result of approbation of the “System for improving labor safety for recording, analyzing and predicting micro-injuries ” based on software in construction organizations in the Belgorod region. Single-factor analysis of variance was used in the processing of experimental data to identify the most significant indicators that affect the likelihood of a microinjury to an employee. Models of the distribution of micro-injuries by gender, age, length of service and type of micro-injuries of workers are presented. The boundaries of "vulnerable" categories of workers are determined, for which it is necessary to develop effective measures to optimize the functioning of the occupational health and safety management system and injury prevention. A model for accounting and assessing micro injury has been developed based on the analysis of variance of the database registered through the software package of the digital platform implemented in construction organizations.

EXAMINATION OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: ISKENDERUN SAMPLE

In this study, it was aimed to determine the degree of participation of teachers working in high schools in the practices made in organizational culture and its sub-dimensions, and to determine the current state of school culture; In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and motivation perceptions. Based on the perceptions of the teachers, it was examined to what extent the schools they work in showed the organizational culture characteristics. The sample of the research consists of 443 teachers working in Hatay Province Iskenderun District in the 2022-2023 academic year. Personal Information Form, "Organizational Culture Scale" developed by İpek (1999) and "Teacher Motivation Scale" developed by Uçar (2015) were used as data collection tools. The demographic information, frequency and percentage distributions of the teachers in the study group were extracted. For the first sub-problem, arithmetic mean and standard deviation scores of organizational culture and learning organization scales were calculated. For the second sub-problem, independent sample t-test analysis was used to determine the change in organizational culture and learning organization perceptions according to gender and branch variable. A single factor analysis of variance was used for the unrelated sample in order to determine the changes according to age and professional seniority. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the organizational culture perceptions of the teachers were at the "High" level and the learning organization perceptions were at the "Moderate" level. In the study, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in the perceptions of teachers' organizational culture and learning organization in terms of gender, branch, age and professional seniority. In the research, it was concluded that there is a positive "moderate" relationship between teachers' organizational culture (in all dimensions) and learning organization perceptions (in all dimensions). Keywords: Learning Organization, Organizational Culture, Professional Culture, High School

Influence of the Scalpel Finishing Technique on Marginal Gap Formation in Class II Resin Composite Restorations.

Modern adhesives and composites allow the restoration of deep defects. In such cases, the matrix technique is particularly challenging, and excess composite is a common problem. Removing such overhangs with a scalpel has already been described as a substance preserving or selective finishing technique. Clinically, restoration margins may appear as a white line after scalpel finishing, and it is unclear whether this line represents a marginal gap and/or whether scalpel finishing promotes marginal gap formation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of scalpel finishing of deep Class II composite restorations on marginal gap formation. Standardized mesioocclusal-distal (MOD) cavities were prepared and restored in 60 human molars randomly divided into six finishing protocol groups: G1, scalpels (SC); G2, oscillating files (OF); G3, finishing strips (FS); G4, scalpels and finishing strips (SC+FS); G5, scalpels and polishing discs (SC+PD); G6, polishing discs alone (PD, controls). The groups were additionally assigned to finishing and polishing in a phantom head (groups 1-4) or hand-held setting (groups 5-6) to simulate clinical and in-vitro research conditions, respectively. After restoration, artificial aging was performed by thermocycling (5-55°C, 2500 cycles) and mechanical loading (50 newtons (N) with 500,000 cycles) prior to scanning electron microscopy analysis of proximal restoration margin quality on the mesial and distal surfaces (n=120) of each tooth. Outcomes (perfect margin, marginal gap, overhang, marginal fracture) were statistically analyzed by t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, single-factor analysis of variance, post-hoc t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni correction for multiple group comparisons. Cohen's effect size d(Cohen) was calculated to show the strength of the relationship between variables. Overall, marginal quality was significantly better in the hand-held setting (SC+PD and PD) than the phantom head setting (SC, OF, FS, SC+FS). The best marginal quality was achieved with oscillating files in the phantom head setting and with scalpels plus polishing discs in the hand-held setting. Marginal gaps occurred significantly more often with scalpels, but the proportion of gaps was very low and clinically insignificant. Finishing strips were the least effective instruments for removing overhangs but performed better in combination with scalpels. Scalpel finishing can effectively and gently remove overhangs from enamel. However, blades should be used with caution as they can cut the dentin and cementum. Scalpel finishing does not lead to a clinically relevant increase in marginal gaps, but should be followed by polishing, whenever possible, to eliminate any marginal fractures that might be present.

The effect of the ryanodine receptor gene on the reproductive traits of Welsh sows

The reproductive performance of sows largely determines the efficiency of the entire pig farming industry. The purpose of our work is the evaluation of polymorphism of the ryanodine receptor gene and its impact on the reproductive traits of sows of the Welsh breed of pigs. For this study, 148 pigs of the Welsh breed were used. The reproductive traits of sows were evaluated in two adjacent generations. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the reproductive ability of sows using the SIRQS (selection index of reproductive qualities of sows), determined phenotypic consolidation coefficients and assessed the genetic potential of the animals’ productivity. The polymorphism of the RYR1 gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). Data processing was performed using single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Polymorphism of the ryanodine receptor gene in sows of the Welsh pig breed was evaluated. 8.0% of the animals were identified as carriers of the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene. However, no homozygous RYR1-nn animals were found. Pigs of the maternal generation carrying the homozygous NN genotype had better reproductive performance in all indicators. Sows that were carriers of the mutant allele were characterized by lower values of the genetic productivity potential compared with the entire estimated population for all productive traits. Sows which were free of the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene were characterized by large values of the SIRQS index. The values of the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of the number of live born piglets in sows without the mutant allele were lower than in sows with the mutant allele n. Better performance of sows free of the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene was established over sows carrying it in all evaluated traits of reproductive capacity (for different traits P ranged from 0.021 to 1.0*10–4), except for number of piglets born alive per sow in the daughter generation. Sows with the NN genotype had better selection index values by 15.7% in the maternal generation and by 10.2% in the daughter generation. In order to increase the reproductive ability of sows in the studied population of Welsh pigs and achieve similar results in other herds of this breed, animals free from the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene should be selected for further reproduction in the process of breeding, while on the contrary, carriers of this gene should be gradually eliminated from the herd. To carry out breeding work, further research is needed on the entire population of Welsh pigs for the RYR1 gene.

Dynamic analysis of the ulnar nerve and cubital tunnel morphology using ultrasonography: a cadaveric study.

The causes of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow are unclear. The authors hypothesized that the humeral trochlea protrudes into the cubital tunnel during elbow flexion and causes a dynamic morphologic change of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel. An ultrasonic probe was fixed to the ulnar shafts of 10 fresh cadavers with an external fixator, and dynamic morphology of the cubital tunnel and ulnar nerve was observed. The distance from the Osborne band to the trochlea (OTD), distance from ulnar nerve center to the trochlea (UTD), and the short- and long-axis diameters of the nerve at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of elbow flexion were recorded. We compared the OTD, UTD, and the flattening of the ulnar nerve at the different angles of flexion using single-factor analysis of variance. Correlation between the ulnar nerve flattering, OTD, and UTD was examined using Spearman correlation coefficient. A P value less than .05 was used to denote statistical significance. Flattening of the ulnar nerve progressed with increasing elbow flexion and was significantly different between 0° and 60°, 90°, and 120° (P=.03 at 60°, P<.01 at 90° and 120°). OTD decreased with elbow flexion, and there was a significant difference at all elbow flexion angles (all P<.01). UTD decreased significantly from 0° flexion to 90° flexion (P=.03). Flattening of the nerve was significantly correlated with the OTD (r=0.66, P<.01). A positive correlation was found between the protrusion of the humeral trochlea into the cubital tunnel during elbow flexion and ulnar nerve flattening using cadaveric elbow and ultrasonography.

The Relationship Between Problem Solving Skills, Burnout Levels and Self Efficacy Beliefs of School Principals

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between school principals' problem solving skills, burnout levels and self-efficacy beliefs. Quantitative relational design was used in the study. The sample of the research consists of 224 school principals working in Balıkesir. In the research, “Problem Solving Inventory”, “Freidman School Principals Burnout Scale” and “School Principals' Efficacy Perceptions Scale” were used as the data collection tools. Data were analyzed by T-test, Single-factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and structural equation modeling. In the research, it was found that the problem solving skills of the school principals were at a high level and they almost never experienced burnout and their self-efficacy perceptions were at a high level. The results of the study revealed that there was no significant difference in the school principals' problem solving skills, burnout levels and self-efficacy beliefs, and variables such as gender, educational status, experience of principalship and school level. In the study, there was also a low and negative correlation between school principals' problem solving skills and self-efficacy beliefs, self-efficacy beliefs and burnout levels and there was a positive and low level relationship between problem solving skills and burnout levels of the school principals.

Switchable-hydrophilicity solvent liquid-liquid microextraction combined with smartphone digital image colorimetry for the determination of palladium in catalytic converters.

Switchable-hydrophilicity solvent liquid-liquid microextractionwas coupled with smartphone digital image colorimetry for the determination of palladium as its metal chelate with N,N-diethyl-N'-benzoylthiourea. Images of the colored extract were captured in a homemade colorimetric box, which were split into their red-green-blue channels. The blue channel was used to determine the concentration of palladium. Optimum extraction conditions were achieved using 600 μL of triethylamine as the extraction solvent and 4.0mL of 10M sodium hydroxide as the hydrophilicity-switching trigger within 1.0min extraction time. Optimum complexation conditions were obtained at a sample pH of 4.50, andmetal/ligand mole ratio of 1:2 within 3.0min. Optimum detection conditions were achieved at a distance of 7.0cm between the sample solution and the detection camera, a region of interest of 175.0 px2 at a detection wavelength of 480.0nm and 30.0% brightness of the monochromatic light source. Limits of detection and quantitation were found to be less than 0.7 and 1.8µgg-1, respectively. A good linearity with coefficients of determination above 0.9974 was obtained. Accuracy was checked via a single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) test by comparing the results with the ones obtained using flame-atomic absorption spectrometry and the results were statistically in a good agreement (P > 0.05). The proposed method was applied for the determination of palladium in catalytic converters with percentage relative recoveries ranging between 95.7 and 103.7% and percentage relative standard deviations below 4.0%.

Assessment of postpartum haemorrhage for placenta accreta: Is measurement of myometrium thickness and dark intraplacental bands using MRI helpful?

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the predictive values of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) myometrial thickness grading and dark intraplacental band (DIB) volumetry for blood loss in patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).MethodsImages and clinical data were acquired from patients who underwent placenta MRI examinations and were diagnosed with PAS from March 2015 to January 2021. Two radiologists jointly diagnosed, processed, and analysed the MR images of each patient. The analysis included MRI-based determination of placental attachment, as well as myometrial thickness grading and DIB volumetry. The patients included in the study were divided into three groups according to the estimated blood loss volume: in the general blood loss (GBL) group, the estimated blood loss volume was < 1000 ml; in the massive blood loss (MBL) group, the estimated blood loss volume was ≥ 1000 ml and < 2000 ml; and in the extremely massive blood loss (ex-MBL) group, the estimated blood loss volume was ≥ 2000 ml. The categorical, normally distributed, and non-normally distributed data were respectively analysed by the Chi-square, single-factor analysis of variance, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, respectively. The verification of correlation was completed by Spearman correlation analysis. The evaluation capabilities of indicators were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsAmong 75 patients, 25 were included in the GBL group, 26 in the MBL group, and 24 in the ex-MBL group. A significant negative correlation was observed between the grade of myometrial thickness and the estimated blood loss (P < 0.001, ρ = − 0.604). There was a significant positive correlation between the volume of the DIB and the estimated blood loss (P < 0.001, ρ = 0.653). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the two MRI features for predicting blood loss ≥ 2000 ml were 0.776 and 0.897, respectively.ConclusionsThe grading and volumetric MRI features, myometrial thickness, and volume of DIB, can be used as good prediction indicators of the risk of postpartum haemorrhage in patients with PAS.

ANALISIS COVERAGE AREA JARINGAN 4G LTE TELKOMSEL, XL AXIATA DAN INDOSAT OOREDOO DI KECAMATAN BAYUNG LENCIR, KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN, PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN.

The research is to analyze the coverage area of ​​the 4G LTE network of telecommunications operators Telkomsel, XL Axiata, and Indosat Ooredo in Bayung Lencir District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The information obtained by the result of this research is expected to be useful for the public to determine and choose a telecommunications operator that has the widest coverage area and is a catalyst for improvement for telecommunications operators whose coverage area is not yet wide. This study will analyze the parameters of the 4G LTE network coverage area, namely: Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SINR), on the 4G LTE network. The aim of this study to analyze the coverage area of ​​the 4G LTE network of Telkomsel, XL Axiata and Indosat Ooredoo in Bayung Lencir District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province using the G-NetTrack Pro application. The study was conducted in 9 villages/kelurahan in Bayung Lencir District, Musi Banyuasin District, South Sumatra Province. The results of the measurement of the coverage area parameters using the G-NetTrack Pro software were then analyzed statistically with the Single Factor Analysis of Variance. The results of the study, that find RSRP and SINR parameters for cellular operators Telkomsel, XL Axiata, and Indosat Ooredoo, it was found that statistically the RSRP value between operators was not significantly different, which means that the RSRP values ​​for Telkomsel, XL Axiata, and Indosat Ooredoo were considered the same and the SINR parameter for operators Telkomsel, XL Axiata, and Indosat Ooredoo are statistically different where the SINR value of Telkomsel is the highest, followed by Indosat Ooredo at position number 2, and XL Axiata at position 3.

Relationship between body mass index and physical fitness of children and adolescents in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundXinjiang is an economically underdeveloped area in China, but the obesity rate of children and adolescents is increasing year by year. Physical fitness and body mass index (BMI) are very important factors for healthy development, whereas few studies focus on the relationship between them in this region. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical fitness and BMI of children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 in Xinjiang.MethodA total of 17,356 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years were involved. BMI was divided into five levels by percentiles, from very low to very high. Physical fitness was evaluated by five indicators: grip strength, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 50 m dash, and endurance running. Single-factor analysis of variance was used to compare the Z-scores of the five physical fitness indicators among different BMI levels for the four age groups by gender. A nonlinear quadratic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between BMI and each indicator in the four age groups.ResultThere is a significant correlation between the five health-related indicators (grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, endurance run) at two age groups (13-15 yrs., 16-18 yrs) of children and adolescents in Xinjiang, China. The range of the Pearson coefficient is 0.048 ~ 0.744. For the other two age groups (7-9 yrs., 10-12 yrs.,) significant correlations are found only in some indicators, and the Pearson coefficient ranges from 0.002 to 0.589. The relationship between BMI and physical fitness presents an U-shaped or inverted U-shaped curve in most age groups(R2 ranges from − 0.001 to 0.182. Children and adolescents with normal BMI score higher on physical fitness tests, and boys (R2 ranges from − 0.001 to 0.182) are more pronounced than girls (R2 ranges from 0.001 to 0.031).ConclusionChildren and adolescents with a BMI above or below the normal ranges have lower physical fitness than those with normal BMI. BMI and physical fitness have an U-shaped or inverted U-shaped curve relationship, and the impact is more evident in boys than girls. Targeted actions such as improving the quality of physical education classes, advocating students to keep a balanced diet and physical exercise should be taken designedly.

Interlaboratory comparison for determination of lead in drinking water

To analyze and evaluate the testing capability of lead in drinking water in the laboratories of the provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention across the country by implementing the interlaboratory comparison project. The preparation method of the secondary standard materials were used as the reference for the sample preparation in the interlaboratory comparison project. The homogeneity and stability of the samples and short-term stability for simulated transportation were tested by single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA) and mean consistency test(t test). On top of using the kernel density estimation to test the distribution of laboratory test result, we adopted a robust statistical method to analyze the laboratory test result and used Z-score to evaluate the testing ability of each participating laboratory. A total of 448 laboratories throughout the country participated in the proficiency testing program.341 laboratories(76.1%) of participating laboratories, obtained satisfactory result. Results provided by 28 laboratories(6.3%) of total participating laboratories, were found suspicious in their capacities. Finally, there were 79 laboratories(17.6%) of total participating laboratories, with result found to be outliers. The statistical result of the interlaboratory comparison project show that the testing capability of lead in drinking water has been ranked as satisfactory in the laboratories of the provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention across the country, and the testing capability of a small number of laboratories requires further improvement.