Single Factor Design Research Articles

Sponsored Influencer Vlogs and Young Viewers: When Sponsorship Disclosure Does not Enhance Advertising Literacy, and Parental Mediation Backfires

Using unique data from 609 parent–daughter (8–16 years of age) dyads, in an online experiment we studied two pivotal antecedents of young viewers’ cognitive advertising literacy: influencer-generated sponsorship disclosure (written and/or spoken) and parental mediation style (active or restrictive). A between-subjects, single-factor design was applied with three experimental conditions: written disclosure, spoken disclosure, and both written and spoken disclosure, and a control condition—no disclosure. Variance-based partial least squares structural equation modeling in Smart-PLS 3.0 shows that policy makers’ and parental measures to safeguard young consumers from negative consequences of sponsored vlogs can lead to unanticipated effects. While the combination of written and spoken sponsorship disclosure information as well as an active parental mediation style increase cognitive advertising literacy, restrictive parental mediation negatively affects cognitive advertising literacy. In addition, cognitive advertising literacy negatively affects young viewers’ evaluation of the vlogger and positively affects the attitude toward the sponsored brand. Our findings provide important insights for parents, practitioners, and regulators and contribute to the discussion of how to make influencer marketing more effective and ethical.

The Effectiveness of Spraying Nano Bone Ash and Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch Ash on Characteristics of Rice in Salibu System Plus Earthworms

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of spraying nano bone ash and palm oil emty fruit bunch ash on characteristics of rice in salibu system plus earthworms. This research was carried out in the Agricultural Experiment Grenn House of the Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta in January to June2021.This study uses a single factor design arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD), there are 4 treatm ents.Each tratments consisted of 6 plant samples with 3 replications namely: P1. Urea 250 kg/ha + SP-36 100 kg/ha + KCl 100 kg/ha + Earthworms, P2.Urea 250 kg/ha + SP-36 50 kg/ha + KCl 100 kg/ha + Nano Bone Ash concentration 0,2 % + Earthworms, P3. Urea 250 kg/ha + SP-36 100 kg/ha + KCl 50 kg/ha + Nano OPEFB concentration 0,3 %, P4.Urea 250 kg/ha + SP-36 50 kg/ha + KCl 50 kg/ha + Nano Bone Ash concentration 0,2 % and Nano OPEFB concentration 0,3 % + Earthworms. Plant of material obtained from previous rice planting. The results showed that the spraying particle of nano bone ash and palm oil empty fruit bunch ash in salibu system plus eart worms effect on the diversity of qualitative character :color leaf sheath (pale green; green and dark green), leaf blade (pale green and green) and colorof stem (yellowish green and green) and on the diversity of quantitative character : height of plant, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, weight of grainst per clump.

Reducing effect of biomass derived char on iron ore fines; a statistical investigation and regression modelling

India is an economically developing country. Country’s development and growth is largely interlinked with iron and steel industry as well as availability of energy and its utilization. Energy sector and iron and steel industry mainly consumes convectional and fossil fuel like coal and gas. Present coal reserves of India will last for about 30-40 years at present consumption rate. Consumption of conventional fuels is not economically feasible and environment friendly. Biomass can be an alternative source of fuel for numerous engineering and scientific applications. The char derived from biomass known as biochar can be utilized in the iron and steel-making processes. It can lessen the coke consumption rate and subsequently reduce pollution as well as cost economics. Utilization of low and lean grade iron ore is need of the hour. Removal of gangue impurities from lean and low-grade iron ore is difficult through convectional beneficiation process. The reduction roasting process can be adopted to counter these challenges. The present study focuses on the reduction behavior of iron ore using three various biochar derived from three biomass, viz; wood dust, sugarcane bagasse and coconut shell. A single factorial Design of Experiment with two levels and three variables was adopted and a first-order regression equation was generated to estimate the degree of reduction. The Student’s T-test and Fisher test were performed to validate the regression equation. The obtained results showed that the biochar can be used as a substitute reductant. However, the residence time and temperature play a vital role in the reduction process. The obtained regression equation also validates the effect of residence time and temperature on the reduction process.

Effects of maternal dietary energy restriction on laying performance, embryonic development, and lipid metabolism in broilers

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of maternal dietary energy restriction on lipid deposition in embryonic tissues during the medium laying period (37 to 39 weeks) in Arbor Acres (AA) broiler breeders.MethodsA single factor design was adopted, and 400 AA broiler breeders (20 weeks of age) with a similar weight were randomly allocated into four groups. The birds in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal based diet, and those in trial groups were fed diets with 80%, 70%, and 50% energy levels of the basal diet. Incubated eggs from the medium laying period were collected. Samples of developing embryos at various stages were prepared for composition analysis.ResultsThe embryo weight in the 80% energy group was higher than those of the other groups on embryonic day (E) 13, but at 21 E, they were significantly decreased with decreasing energy intake of the broiler breeders (p<0.05). Additionally, the levels of crude fat in tissues in the restriction groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The long axis and area of adipocytes in breast muscle, thigh muscle and the liver were significantly decreased (p<0.05) at 21 E in the 80%, 70%, and 50% energy groups.ConclusionThe effects of the 80% maternal dietary energy restriction energy affects egg production performance, egg quality, and nutrient deposition in egg weights, which then directly impacts on the developmental process of embryos, especially on fat utilization and deposition.

A green initiative for oiled sand cleanup using chitosan/rhamnolipid complex dispersion with pH-stimulus response

The released oil can affect the vulnerable shoreline environment if the oil spills happen in coastal waters. The stranded oil on shorelines is persistent, posing a long-term influence on the intertidal ecosystem after weathering. Therefore, shoreline cleanup techniques are required to remove the oil from the shoreline environment. In this study, a new shoreline cleanup initiative using chitosan/rhamnolipid (CS/RL) complex dispersion with pH-stimulus response was developed for oiled sand cleanup. The results of factorial and single-factor design revealed that the CS/RL complex dispersion maintained high removal efficiency for oiled sand with different levels of oil content in comparison to using rhamnolipid alone. However, the increase of salinity negatively affected the removal efficiency. The electrostatic screening effect of high ionic strength can hinder the formation of the CS/RL complex, and thus reduce removal efficiency. The pH-responsive characteristic of chitosan allows the easy separation of water and oil in washing effluent. The chitosan polyelectrolytes aggregated and precipitated due to the deprotonation of amino groups by adjusting the pH of the washing effluent to above 8. The microscope image demonstrated that the chitosan aggregates wrapped around the oil droplets and settled to the bottom together, thus achieving oil–water separation. Such pH-stimulus response may help achieve an easy oil-water separation after washing. These findings have important implications for developing the new strategies of oil spill response.

The Effect of The Proportion of Broccoli with Papaya, Pineaple, and Jackfruit on The Quality of Vegetable Leather

The aims of this research to determine effect the proportion of broccoli, papaya, pineapple, and jackfruit on vegetable leather quality. This research was conducted in laboratory of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo University from February until April 2019 was used Randomized Block Design single factor was proportion of broccoli: papaya (25%:75%), (50%:50%), (75%:25%), broccoli: pineapple (25%:75%), (50%:50%), (75%:25%), broccoli: jackfruit (25%:75%), (50%:50%), (75%:25%). Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (Anova) followed by BNJ 5%. The result showed the proportion of broccoli with papaya, pineapple, and jackfruit was significant affected on fiber content, water content, ash content, pH, yield, and color of vegetable leather. The best treatment was the proportion of broccoli with jackfruit (25%:75%) had fiber content 2,15%, water content 19,38%, ash content 1,17%, pH 4,63, color L*a*b 46,82*-5,08*9,84, yield 55,16% and hedonic test of color 5,43, aroma 4,93, texture 4,97, and taste 5,07.

Effect of test velocity on the tensile strength of high strength steels using the small punch test in a hydrogen environment

This study aims at evaluating the effect of test velocity associated with the Small Punch Test on the ultimate tensile strength. The velocity factor was investigated on two levels (1.0 μm/s and 0.1 μm/s) based on a single factor design. This design was applied to three high strength steels (AISI 4130 M, 4137 M and 4140) widely used in the oil and gas offshore industry. The tests were performed in a cathodic protection environment, which consisted of a 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution to simulate hydrogen embrittlement. For each material, one specimen in air at the conventional rate (0.02 mm/s) was also tested. An increasing trend was noted toward the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement when the test velocity was reduced from 1.0 μm/s to 0.1 μm/s. However, the Analysis of Variance showed that the test velocity factor caused statistically significant effects on the ultimate tensile strength only for 4137 M steel. The distinct behavior shown by the 4137 M, 4130 M and 4140 steels, under the experimental conditions investigated, was attributed to the combination of several factors: test velocity in the investigated H-charged environment; shape and volume fraction of non-metallic inclusion; calcium addition; tensile strength and hardness in air at the as-received condition.

Air curtain dust-collecting technology: Influence factors for air curtain performance

Air curtains are extensively used to isolate and control dust, heat, and smoke. Because of the high airflow velocity, columnar air curtains have several shortcomings, such as the nonuniform distribution of air, deviation from the axis, and the lack of a basis for determining the volume of the air curtain unit. Existing research cannot systematically explain the factors that directly influence these shortcomings. Therefore, this study employed a single factor design for investigating the effects of the spacing between guide vanes in the air curtain unit, cross sectionof the air curtain unit, and angle of the guide vanes on the air curtain uniformity, deviation, and volume of the air curtain unit, as well as the jet attenuation. The results show that the guide vanes can be used for shunting and diverting the airflow mechanically, the guide vanes with smaller spacing exhibit considerable mechanical diversion, which can lead the air flow out of the supply air slot in a timely manner, as well as reduce the downstream air flow and the overall static pressure difference of the air curtain unit to maintain a uniform air velocity. The cross section of the air curtain unit influences the uniformity of the air curtain. A wedge-shaped air curtain unit can ensure that the velocity of the internal airflow remains constant when the flow of air in the duct decreases gradually. This causes a drastic decrease in the pressure gradient in the air curtain unit, and an improvement in the overall uniformity of the air curtain unit. The deflection of the air curtain is affected directed by the angle of the guide vane, and the deflection is determined by the combined velocity direction of the mechanical deflection due to the guide vane and the non-mechanical air flow driven by the static pressure. The angle between the inside and outside of the symmetrically installed guide vane is 136°, and a jet of air curtain with a small inclination (≤8°) can be formed. The attenuation law of the air curtain jet may be approximately represented by a new correlation, and helps in the selection of air curtain velocity and range in different industrial applications.

The Ability of Edible Fungi Residue to Remove Lead in Wastewater

Lead (Pb)-contaminated wastewater is the most common source of heavy metal ion pollution. In this study, agricultural waste edible fungi residue (EFR) was used to adsorb Pb(II) ions in wastewater as a strategy to reduce environmental pollution and minimize poisoning by Pb. The influence of Pb(II) concentration, solution pH, and EFR concentration on the removal efficiency (R) of Pb(II) was investigated with single factor design and response surface analysis. The maximum predicted R for Pb(II) was 76.34% under optimal conditions of Pb(II) concentration of 483.83 mg/L, EFR concentration of 4.99 g/L, and pH of 5.89. The actual experimental value of R reached 76.97% under these conditions. The competition of Pb(II) ions for the available adsorption sites on EFR limited the maximum R. A comparison of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy before and after the adsorption of Pb(II), indicated that the functional groups of EFR significantly affected the effect of adsorption of heavy metals, and that the adsorption process was primarily affected by functional groups in the range of wavenumbers from 500 to 2,000 cm−1.

Preparation and evaluation of self‐healing microcapsules for asphalt based on response surface optimization

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the best preparation process of asphalt self‐healing microcapsules. Response surface design and single factor design were used to optimize the preparation process parameters of asphalt self‐healing microcapsules, and the prediction model of core content was established. The optimal preparation process was determined. The results of response surface design showed that the interaction among emulsifier concentration/reaction temperature, core‐shell ratio/reaction temperature, and pH/reaction temperature had significant effect on the core content of microcapsules; the microcapsules prepared by the optimal process were spherical with an average particle size of 90.19 μm. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and heating simulation test showed that the microcapsule can delay the damage of the core in high temperature environment; the results of nanoindentation test showed that the young's modulus and hardness of the microcapsules were about 2.50 and 0.28 GPa, respectively. Finally, the improvement mechanism of self‐healing performance of asphalt by microcapsules was revealed by fluorescence microscope.

Investigation of low-temperature lipase production and enzymatic properties of Aspergillus Niger

To obtain the optimum fermentation medium and circumstances for extracellular lipase construction (as an important biocatalyst and promising industrial enzyme) by Aspergillus Niger, the fermentation conditions of Aspergillus Niger were optimized by single factor and response surface design, the enzymatic properties of the crude enzyme were studied. The results displayed that the optimum fermentation medium was soluble starch 4%, (NH4)2SO4 0.1%, K2HPO4 0.1%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%, peptone 3%, olive oil 1.05% and initial pH 7. The optimal fermentation conditions were 30℃, the sample size was 26 mL/250 mL and the shaking speed was 213 r/min. The optimized lipase activity was 1.55 U/mL, which was 7.75 times of the pre-optimized lipase. It was found that when the pH value of lipase was 7.0, the activity of lipase reached its maximum value of 79.3±6.82%. When pH value was between 6.0 and 8.0, the activity of lipase could be kept above 60% and the stability was good. At the same time, through temperature stability of lipase, found that the lipase was stable at 25℃- 35℃, its activity could reach more than 70%. When activity of enzyme reaches to maximum 107.6±9.57%, the temperature was 30℃.

Uji Produktivitas Jamur Merang (Volvariella volvaceae) Bibit F4 Asal Cilamaya Dengan Berbagai Konsentrasi Media Tanam Substitusi Tongkol Jagung

The objective of this research was to get out the concentrations of the corn cob planting media that gives the highest result on the straw mushroom planting media. This research was conducted at plant Biotechnology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture University of Singaperbangsa Karawang and Pasir Mulya Village, Majalaya, Karawang. Used in June to October 2020. This research used experimental method was used randomized block design single factor with four replications. There was 6 treatments: A (Control), B ( 5% corncob + 95% straw, C (10% corncob + 90% straw), D ( 15% corncob + 85% straw), E (20% corncob + 80% straw), and F (25% corncob + 75% straw). The effect of treatment with analiyzed of variance and if the F test level 5% was significant, then it continued with DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at the level of 5% to find out the best treatment. The result showed that they were not significant effect on the length, diameter, and weight. Bused on average of amount production in each treatment, treatment B showed the highest production during 1 planting period, namely 2,230 kg

Interactivity Can Enhance the Effectiveness of Threat Appeals: Implications for Preventive Health Websites

ABSTRACT Interactive health websites where threat appeals are incorporated have become a popular strategy to engage users in preventive health behaviors. The current study examines how website interactivity enhances the effectiveness of threat appeals and thus encourages preventive health behaviors in the context of an anti-sugar campaign. A single factor design experiment (N = 109) with two conditions (high vs. low interactivity) was employed to investigate the effects of website interactivity on sugar control intentions. The results demonstrated that higher interactivity elicited greater fear and disgust, which then subsequently increased perceived threats of sugar intake. Perceived threats heightened by interactivity led to greater preventive behavioral intentions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Future Intention to disclose personal information via mobile apps

This study analyses the future intention to disclose personal information in order to use mobile applications (apps) and the framing effect in relation to privacy concerns. To test the effects, an experiment was conducted involving 405 participants, using a single-factor design with independent groups and covariates. The results indicate concern about privacy is negatively related to the future intention, confirming the effects of framing on future intention, with the effect being negative in relation to the negative framing of trust beliefs and positive in relation to the positive framing of risk beliefs, while the moderating effect was not confirmed. Thus, this paper contributes to two specific areas: 1) privacy, because it confirms the relationship between information privacy concerns and future intention (new proposed scale); and 2) decision-making, as it demonstrates the effects of framing on risk and trust beliefs in future intentions, which, as far as is known, has not previously been shown.

Development of a novel functionality for a highly efficient imidazole-based ionic liquid non-aqueous solvent system for the complete extraction of target alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Rupr. under ultrasound-assisted conditions

Solvent application in industrial processes is inevitable due to its required role in dissolving solutes, promoting mass and heat transfer, and facilitating separation and purification processes. Notably, woody plants have a high degree of fibrosis and lignification with a mass transfer barrier effect from their multi-scale structure and complex component effects, which makes it difficult for solvents to seep into these plant cells. An ultrasound-assisted complete extraction in ionic liquid non-aqueous solvent system (UACE-ILNAS) method was successfully designed and applied to achieve excellent extraction of five alkaloid components (berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine and phellodendrine) from the bark and leaves of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. From single-factor design and response surface methodology (RSM), the significant factors affecting the average yield of the alkaloids, the ionic liquid concentration, liquid-solid ratio and ultrasonic irradiation temperature, were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the average yields of the alkaloids from the bark and leaves of P. amurense were 4.22 ± 0.20 and 2.47 ± 0.12 mg/g, respectively, which were highly consistent with the response surface optimization and kinetics analysis results. The non-aqueous aprotic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was innovatively used as a co-solvent for the ionic liquid [C4mim][OAc]. The DMSO plays a positive role in promoting penetration, helping cell wall dissolve, reducing viscosity, etc. The proposed method overcomes the poor water solubility of isoquinoline alkaloids and the negative effects from the high viscosity of ionic liquids to effectively guarantee the alkaloid quality and yield. In addition, ultrasound plays a reinforcing role in achieving full extraction. Therefore, the developed method shows good application prospects for the separation of low-polarity constituents, especially those present in woody plants.

The Effect of Money Denomination on Prosocial Behavior: Through the Perspective of Metaphorical Cognitive Theory.

Based on metaphorical cognitive theory, this research did four experiments to examine whether and how one important feature of money, denomination, could influence prosocial behavior. Study 1 was an experiment with a sample size of 209 undergraduates (Mage = 18.97) showed that a larger denomination enhanced the probability of participants engaging in prosocial behavior rather than with a smaller denomination. Study 2 collecting data from 269 undergraduates (Mage = 18.50) further showed that larger denominations condition inspired more prosocial behavior than the control condition; and the small denominations condition produced similar levels of prosocial behavior to the control condition. Study 3 used single factor design with a sample size of 192 undergraduates (Mage = 20.49) repeated the results of Study 2. Furthermore, Study 3 excluded an important alternative explanation that the value rather than the denomination influenced prosocial behavior. Last, Study 4 applied a factorial design experiment with a sample size of 132 undergraduates (Mage = 20.92) which demonstrated that generosity mediated the effect of denomination on prosocial behavior; the effect of denomination on prosocial behavior did not depend on money priming methods. Finally, theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Residual Effect of Cow Dung Fertilizer to Corn (Zea mays L.) Growth and Yield in Planting Period II in Marginal Land

Aims: The research aimed to study the potential of cow dung fertilizer residue in increasing the growth and yield of corn plant in planting period II on marginal dry land.&#x0D; Study Design: Singel factor design in Randomized block design.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted for four months.&#x0D; Methodology: Single factor design in Randomized block design was used in the research. consists of 6 treatment levels of cow manure residue that have been applied in the previous planting period (planting period I), namely: without cow manure (R0), using cow manure 2.5 t ha-1 (R1), 5 t ha-1 (R2), 7.5 t ha-1 (R3), 10 t ha-1 (R4) and 12.5 t ha-1 (R5). Each treatment was placed in three groups so that there were 18 experimental units. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance and continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 95% confidence level.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that the vegetative growth of corn plant 30 day after planting (dap) and plant yield was affected by residual effect of cow dung that applicated in the planting periode I, thus with P uptake by plant and available P in planting medium. &#x0D; Conclusion: Plant productivity during planting period II more increased with the higher dose of cow manure applied during planting period I. The highest plant productivity (3.88 t ha-1) in planting period II was obtained by application of cow dung 12.5 t ha-1 during planting period I. While in the planting medium without cow dung, no seeds formation was found in plants.

Critical quality attribute assessment of big brand traditional Chinese medicine: quality control of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills in texture and sensory attributes

Texture sensory attributes are the key items in quality control of Chinese medicinal honeyed pills. The purpose of this study is to develop a quality control method for assessing the texture sensory attributes of Chinese medicinal honeyed pills based on real-world Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin pilular masses and finished products. First, parameters of texture profile analysis(TPA) were optimized through single factor and central composite design(CCD) experiments to establish a detection method for texture sensory attri-butes of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills. The results showed that the established detection method was stable and reliable, with the optimal parameters set up as follows: deformation percentage of 70%, detection speed at 30 mm·min~(-1), and interval time of 15 s. Furthermore, 540 data points yielded form six texture sensory attributes of pills from 30 batches were subjected to multivariate statistical process control(MSPC) with Hotelling T~2 and squared prediction error(SPE) control charts to establish the quality control method of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills. This study is expected to provide a reference for improving the quality control system of Chinese medicinal honeyed pills.

Extraction, purification, and biological activities of flavonoids from branches and leaves of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.

The optimal operational and process parameters were determined for the enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound-assisted extraction (EHUE) method of flavonoids extracted from Taxus cuspidata branches and leaves (TCBL), and the biological activity of obtained flavonoids was evaluated. According to single factor and central composite design experiments, the optimum key experimental parameters for EHUE were that pectinase enzyme concentration was 0.10 mg·mL-1, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 48 °C, and enzymolysis time was 39 min. The yield of flavonoids from TCBL under the optimized conditions was 5.23% ± 0.18%. Four purified flavonoid compounds from TCBL extract were identified as 1) (E)-1-methoxy-2-O-(p-coumaroyl)-myo-inositol, 2) catechin, 3) epicatechin, and 4) quercetin-3-O-glucoside. Among the 4 compounds, compounds 2 and 3 showed higher antioxidant capacities, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The statistical analysis showed that epicatechin and catechin were potent antioxidants and active agents for inhibiting type II diabetes. In addition, all 4 compounds exerted clear antitumor activity against MCF-7, Hela, and HepG2 cells. Especially, compound 4 had highest antitumor capacity against MCF-7 and Hela, while compound 1 was best at suppressing the proliferation of HepG2 cells.

Nutrient content and shelf life analysis of freshwater snail (Pila ampullacea) instant baby porridge

The quality of instant baby porridge leads to nutrient content, consumer’s acceptability and shelf life. The use of freshwater snail flour (Pila ampullacea) as a substitution in the product increases the product nutrition value. The study analyzed nutrients content, acceptability, and shelf life of instant baby porridge. An experimental study with a completely randomized single factor design by using the three ratios of freshwater snail flour KS 0 (0%), KS I (10%), and KS II (15%). The acceptability test (hedonic test) was held on 25 semi-trained panelists and Arrhenius for shelf life analysis. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, Krusskal wallis test, and Mann-Whitney. The substitution of freshwater snail flour could affect the nutrient content of carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, water, ash, iron, zinc, and calcium (p&lt;0.05). The substitution could affect the consumer’s acceptance properties include color, flavor, texture, and taste (p&lt;0.05). The shelf-life testing for 15 days obtained results, KS 0 formula in temperature 35oC, 45oC and 50oC is 7.13; 2.13 and 2.16 months respectively. KS I Formula in temperature 35oC, 45oC and 50oC is 39, 40, 41 days. KS II Formula in temperature 35oC, 45oC and 50oC is 6 years 7 months, 6 years 8 months, and 6 years 9 months. Based on nutrient content analysis, the substitution of freshwater snail flour could have enhanced protein, zinc, iron, calcium, and fat. KS I, the best formula obtained has 20 g contribution in one serving, fulfilled the energy adequacy of 14.41%, carbohydrates, 15.36%, protein 17.7%, fat 10.27%, fiber 1.7%, water 0.16%, iron 11.25%, zinc 10%, calcium 35.10% and the shelf life in temperature of 35oC is 39 days, 45oC has a shelf life of 40 days and 50oC has a shelf life of 41 days.