Single-ended Primary Inductance Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL-SWITCHES BRIDGELESS PFC TOTEM-POLE SEPIC CONVERTER FOR LED DRIVER APPLICATION

This paper presents a Dual-Switch Bridgeless Power Factor Correction (DSBPFC) Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) with Totem-Pole circuit structure for LED Driver Application. The conventional Full-Bridge Rectifier (FBR) SEPIC converter has five diodes, four in the rectifier bridge and one in the SEPIC. In addition, the FBR SEPIC converter has several drawbacks, including low power factor (PF), high current harmonics (THDi), and high output voltage ripple, due to the combination of two operation circuits in a single converter structure. The proposed DSBPFC SEPIC converter with Totem-Pole method improves PF and reduces THDi and output voltage ripple compared to the conventional FBR SEPIC. Additionally, it only requires three diodes instead of five. The optimization parameter design minimizes the THDi and output voltage ripple. In addition, to improve the quality of the AC source, the inductors are designed to operate in DCM and CCM based on the ripple-balancing concept between input and output inductors. As to reduce output voltage ripple, a high capacitance of output capacitor is used. The simulation result of the THDi is 3.8% whereas the experimental result shows that the THDi is 23.5%; which can be attributed to the parasitic elements at the passive components. Furthermore, the experimental results of the output voltage ripple are 2 V with output capacitance of 3300 μF, compared to the output voltage ripple of 4.40 V for 470 μF. Therefore, the proposed converter's design is confirmed with an output power of approximately 14.4 W.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Emulation of a SEPIC Multiplier Converter in a Photovoltaic System

This article presents the development and execution of a Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter (SEPIC) multiplier within a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) emulation environment tailored for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Utilizing the advanced capabilities of the dSPACE 1104 platform, this work establishes a dynamic data exchange mechanism between a variable voltage power supply and the SEPIC multiplier converter, enhancing the efficiency of solar energy harnessing. The proposed emulation model was crafted to simulate real-world solar energy capture, facilitating the evaluation of control strategies under laboratory conditions. By emulating realistic operational scenarios, this approach significantly accelerates the innovation cycle for PV system technologies, enabling faster validation and refinement of emerging solutions. The SEPIC multiplier converter is a new topology based on the traditional SEPIC with the capability of producing a larger output voltage in a scalable manner. This initiative sets a new benchmark for conducting PV system research, offering a blend of precision and flexibility in testing supervisory strategies, thereby streamlining the path toward technological advancements in solar energy utilization.

Investigation of a power factor correction converter utilizing SEPIC topology with input current switching

The single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) is a popular converter topology that can be employed in diverse application fields where the needed output voltage is greater or lesser than the input voltage. The non-inverted output voltage of a SEPIC converter provides additional advantages when compared to a buck-boost or Ćuk converter. Furthermore, the position of the capacitor in the SEPIC converter provides inherent isolation and circuit safety. One drawback in the conventional bridge-diode SEPIC AC-DC converter is the lack of controllability which can be overcome by adding extra active switch(es) or by replacing the passive diode(s) with active switch(es). However, introducing more active switches increases the control complexity and may increase the requirement for additional driver circuits. To address this trade-off, this article proposes a single-phase AC to DC modified SEPIC converter with input current-switching capability without adding any extra active switch(es). The existing active switch of the DC-DC SEPIC converter was shifted towards the input side and thus no additional switch has been introduced. This allows the option of input-current switching without any additional complexity in the control or driver circuit. The circuit topology, principles of operation, and ideal voltage gain equations for the suggested circuit have been derived and included in this research work. The proposed circuit has been simulated in both open-loop conditions and closed-loop control with varying duty cycles and output load. Results from the simulation show that the proposed converter provides better efficiency (∼90 %) and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) (10 %) for varying duty cycles when compared to a conventional converter. The converter also shows good dynamic response. A low-power 15V hardware prototype has been built to experimentally validate the performance of the proposed converter. Experimental results illustrate that the suggested converter can improve the power factor by up to 0.968 while operating at an efficiency above 75 %. This converter topology can be suitable for applications where high output voltage gain, high power factor, and lower THD are needed without isolation requirements.

Approaches for Maximizing Maximum Power Point Tracking and Evaluating Operational Constraints in Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract: Optimization techniques have broad utility in multiple engineering fields, including activities such as modeling, system identification, parameter estimation, forecasting, and control of intricate systems. This innovation emphasizes the use of optimization approaches to control the performance of Photo-voltaic (PV) array systems. The main difficulty lies in the nonlinear correlation between current and voltage (I-V) characteristics of PV arrays, resulting in variations in the location of the Maximum Power Point under varied climatic circumstances. It is crucial to track this Maximum electricity Point efficiently in order to collect the highest amount of electricity possible from the photovoltaic devices. Maximum Power Point Tracking is a tracking procedure that optimizes power generation by dynamically altering the operating voltage to coincide with the MPP. In order to tackle this difficulty, the paper suggests a unique two-stage Maximum Power Point Tracking technique. The initial phase applies the Weightless Swarm Algorithm to evaluate the Maximum Power Point in an offline manner. The subsequent phase employs an online Adaptive Perturb & Observe technique to continuously track the MPP in real-time. In addition, an Approximate Single Diode Model is created to quickly assess the output power. In order to verify the suggested method, computer simulations are performed utilizing a Maximum Power Point Tracking system that is combined with a Single-Ended PrimaryInductor Converter

Intelligent MPPT control for SEPIC-Luo converter in grid tied photovoltaic system

Grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems are becoming more and more common due to steadily rising energy demand. The advantages of photovoltaic power generation, such as its eco-friendliness, low maintenance requirements, and lack of noise, are making it as a significant renewable energy source (RES). This framework presents the modeling and control design of PV grid tied system implemented with integrated single ended primary inductance (SEPIC) Luo converter. The main goal of this work includes investigating solar PV system behaviour and creating an effective grid connected solar power. Solar PV module tracks maximum power, with an aid of chaotic cascaded fuzzy a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has developed. The DC voltage obtained is fed to 1Φ voltage source inverter (VSI) for conversion of AC voltage. In comparison to typical PWM control, the spectrum performance of the examined voltages is improved by adjusting the nominal duty cycle of main switch of SEPIC-Luo converter. So that PV output impedance is equivalent to DC-DC converter's input resistance. Finally, the obtained AC voltage is supplied to 1Φ grid for further applications. With less THD, an efficiency of 96% is achieved when the implementation of the suggested system is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink.

Nonlinear controller for SEPIC with single variable to tune

This work proposes a systematic approach to designing a novel integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) for a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) with only one tunable parameter where the upper and lower bounds are derived. The designed surface results in minimal chattering behaviour at the output voltage as well as at the duty cycle and allows for operating the SEPIC at a fixed switching frequency. The proposed controller can withstand up to a 70% variation in the input voltage and 100% variation on the load side, in addition to superior performance for a cold start. The proposed controller and the corresponding mathematical formulation were simulated in a Simulink environment and experimentally tested via a scaled prototype. The proposed controller performance is also compared to Type II and integral Linear-Quadratic Regulators (LQR).

Enhancing MPPT performance for partially shaded photovoltaic arrays through backstepping control with Genetic Algorithm-optimized gains

As the significance and complexity of solar panel performance, particularly at their maximum power point (MPP), continue to grow, there is a demand for improved monitoring systems. The presence of variable weather conditions in Maroua, including potential partial shadowing caused by cloud cover or urban buildings, poses challenges to the efficiency of solar systems. This study introduces a new approach to tracking the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) in photovoltaic systems within the context of solar research conducted in Cameroon. The system utilizes Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Backstepping Controller (BSC) methodologies. The Backstepping Controller (BSC) dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) to align with the reference voltage of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) in Maroua’s dynamic environment. This environment, characterized by intermittent sunlight and the impact of local factors and urban shadowing, affects the production of energy. The Genetic Algorithm is employed to enhance the efficiency of BSC gains in Maroua’s solar environment. This optimization technique expedites the tracking process and minimizes oscillations in the GMPP. The adaptability of the learning algorithm to specific conditions improves energy generation, even in the challenging environment of Maroua. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic systems in Maroua, Cameroon, by tailoring them to the specific solar dynamics of the region. In terms of performance, our approach surpasses the INC-BSC, P&O-BSC, GA-BSC, and PSO-BSC methodologies. In practice, the stabilization period following shadowing typically requires fewer than three iterations. Additionally, our Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology is based on the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) methodology, contrasting with alternative technologies that prioritize the Local Maximum Power Point (LMPP). This differentiation is particularly relevant in areas with partial shading, such as Maroua, where the use of LMPP-based technologies can result in power losses. The proposed method demonstrates significant performance by achieving a minimum 33% reduction in power losses.

Analysis and circuit design of isolated forward SEPIC converter with minimum-phase stability

PurposeConventional isolated dc–dc converters offer an efficient solution for performing voltage conversion with a large improved voltage gain. However, the small-signal analysis of these converters shows that a right-half-plane (RHP) zero appears in their control-to-output transfer function, exhibiting a nonminimum-phase stability. This RHP zero can limit the frequency response and dynamic specifications of the converters; therefore, the output voltage response is sluggish. To overcome these problems, the purpose of this study is to analyze, model and design a new isolated forward single-ended primary-inductor converter (IFSEPIC) through RHP zero alleviation.Design/methodology/approachAt first, the normal operation of the suggested IFSEPIC is studied. Then, its average model and control-to-output transfer function are derived. Based on the obtained model and Routh–Hurwitz criterion, the components are suitably designed for the proposed IFSEPIC, such that the derived dynamic model can eliminate the RHP zero.FindingsThe advantages of the proposed IFSEPIC can be summarized as: This converter can provide conditions to achieve fast dynamic behavior and minimum-phase stability, owing to the RHP zero cancellation; with respect to conventional isolated converters, a larger gain can be realized using the proposed topology; thus, it is possible to attain a smaller operating duty cycle; for conventional isolated converters, transformer core saturation is a major concern, owing to a large magnetizing current. However, the average value of the magnetizing current becomes zero for the proposed IFSEPIC, thereby avoiding core saturation, particularly at high frequencies; and the input current of the proposed converter is continuous, reducing input current ripple.Originality/valueThe key benefits of the proposed IFSEPIC are shown via comparisons. To validate the design method and theoretical findings, a practical implementation is presented.

PID-Based control of sepic power stage with QS bacterial-based search algorithm for renewable energy applications

In response to the growing need for efficient power conversion in renewable energy applications, this study addresses the issue of harmonic distortion and low Power Factor (PF) values caused by non-linear loads, such as electronic devices. Low PF results in reduced efficiency, increased energy consumption, and higher costs for both consumers and utilities. Active correction, typically involving an active circuit implemented using a power converter, provides an optimal solution by offering high performance, precise regulation, and low harmonic distortion. This research proposes a Power Factor Correction (PFC) solution utilizing an Interleaved DC-DC Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) for the power stage and a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller for the control block, tuned by a Quorum Sensing (QS) bacterial-based search algorithm. The PID controller parameters are derived using a frequency-domain approach, which presents advantages such as reduced design complexity, improved stability margins, and enhanced SEPIC performance. Simulation results indicate reduced overshoot, settling time, rise time, and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) percentage, as well as increased efficiency and power factor nearing unity. The proposed scheme also demonstrates improved dynamic performance for variations in load, line, and reference voltage. Owing to its high efficiency, precise voltage regulation, and minimized impact on the electrical grid, this solution is well-suited for renewable energy applications, where optimizing energy conversion and ensuring stable operation are crucial for the overall performance of renewable energy systems.

Design of an integrated SEPIC and Buck Converter for High Step-down Applications

To overcome the issues related to special power supply called voltage regulator module (VRM) used for microprocessors, a special DC-DC converter will be designed in this work in which single-ended primary inductor (SEPIC) converter and the inverted form of buck converter are combine. As per available literature the problems associated with conventional VRM’s are slow transient response and narrow duty cycle. Other issue related to the voltage regulator module is the high voltage stress that occurs on switches of VRM. The solution to these problems is presented in the form of a new proposed dc-dc converter topology in which the single ended primary inductor is combined with the inverted form of buck converter. The proposed topology has the advantages of reducing the transient time at moderate duty cycle because of the parallel combination of the inductor. Similarly, the parallel combination of capacitor will step down the voltage from 12v to the appropriate voltage level required for the microprocessor. The steady state operation and transient state operation of the proposed VRM is discussed in this thesis. Various operating states of proposed converter are discussed and related equations for voltage gain, voltage stress and transient response have been derived. Output waveforms are plotted, and mathematical modeling is carried out. Simulation results for proposed and conventional VRM are obtained and from comparison of results, it is clear that proposed VRM is good in performances compared to conventional VRM’s.

Design of an integrated SEPIC and Buck Converter for High Step-down Applications

To overcome the issues related to special power supply called voltage regulator module (VRM) used for microprocessors, a special DC-DC converter will be designed in this work in which single-ended primary inductor (SEPIC) converter and the inverted form of buck converter are combine. As per available literature the problems associated with conventional VRM’s are slow transient response and narrow duty cycle. Other issue related to the voltage regulator module is the high voltage stress that occurs on switches of VRM. The solution to these problems is presented in the form of a new proposed dc-dc converter topology in which the single ended primary inductor is combined with the inverted form of buck converter. The proposed topology has the advantages of reducing the transient time at moderate duty cycle because of the parallel combination of the inductor. Similarly, the parallel combination of capacitor will step down the voltage from 12v to the appropriate voltage level required for the microprocessor. The steady state operation and transient state operation of the proposed VRM is discussed in this thesis. Various operating states of proposed converter are discussed and related equations for voltage gain, voltage stress and transient response have been derived. Output waveforms are plotted, and mathematical modeling is carried out. Simulation results for proposed and conventional VRM are obtained and from comparison of results, it is clear that proposed VRM is good in performances compared to conventional VRM’s.

Robust current-mode control of bridgeless single-switch SEPIC PFC converter

In this paper, the nonlinear model of the bridgeless single-switch ac-dc single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) in discontinuous conduction mode is derived. In addition, a robust control method is introduced to accommodate the variations in input voltage and load current. The current-mode controlled power converter is designed to operate in buck and boost modes. The proposed closed-loop SEPIC converter is simulated in MATLAB to validate the design approach. The current-mode control scheme is also compared with the conventional voltage-mode controller. It is confirmed that the proposed control scheme exhibits precise tracking performance and enhanced transient response under large disturbances.

High Gain Magnetically Coupled Single Switch Quadratic Modified SEPIC DC-DC Converter

This article proposes, analyzes, and tests an improved high voltage gain dc-dc converter based on a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC). The proposed magnetically coupled quadratic modified SEPIC converter (MCQ-MSC) employs a coupled transformer with an optimized design to obtain a high voltage boost factor by controlling the transformer's turn ratio along with the switching duty cycle. Thanks to the unique structure of the coupled transformer, high voltage gain is obtained at low turns ratio, which is highly desirable for high voltage applications and the compact size of the converter. In addition to the coupled transformer, a voltage-boosting module is utilized to achieve a very high output voltage for a low switching duty cycle. The proposed inverter has a single switch with a wide control range of duty cycle (0<D<1), causing low conducting losses and high efficiency. Furthermore, a clamping circuit is successfully designed to remove the leakage inductance effects of the coupled transformer on the power switch. The proposed MCQ-MSC drains a continuous current from the input dc source, which makes it a suitable choice for renewable energy sources (RES). The hardware prototype of the proposed converter is tested to verify the mathematical expressions and theoretical results.

Investigation and validation of PV fed reduced switch asymmetric multilevel inverter using optimization based selective harmonic elimination technique

Pulse width modulation for Selective Harmonics Elimination (SHE) is mostly employed in the reduction of lower order harmonics. The PV system in this research provides input voltage to the reduced switch 31-level inverter, which is based on the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. With a high gain DC-DC single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC), the PV panel output voltage is kept constant. The Grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) approach is used to get the most power out PV scheme. Multi Carrier modulation, a high-frequency modulation technology, is also used in this novel design of the inverter to reduce upper order harmonics. The suggested Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, harmonics is compared to a SHE technique based on a genetic algorithm. The hardware findings were confirmed using DSPIC30F2010 controller simulation, and the recommended system was validated using Matlab simulation.

An Artificial Neural Network for Solar Energy Prediction and Control Using Jaya-SMC

In recent years, researchers have focused on improving the efficiency of photovoltaic systems, as they have an extremely low efficiency compared to fossil fuels. An obvious issue associated with photovoltaic systems (PVS) is the interruption of power generation caused by changes in solar radiation and temperature. As a means of improving the energy efficiency performance of such a system, it is necessary to predict the meteorological conditions that affect PV modules. As part of the proposed research, artificial neural networks (ANNs) will be used for the purpose of predicting the PV system’s current and voltage by predicting the PV system’s operating temperature and radiation, as well as using JAYA-SMC hybrid control in the search for the MPP and duty cycle single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) that supplies a DC motor. Data sets of size 60538 were used to predict temperature and solar radiation. The data set had been collected from the Department of Systems Engineering and Automation at the Vitoria School of Engineering of the University of the Basque Country. Analyses and numerical simulations showed that the technique was highly effective. In combination with JAYA-SMC hybrid control, the proposed method enabled an accurate estimation of maximum power and robustness with reasonable generality and accuracy (regression (R) = 0.971, mean squared error (MSE) = 0.003). Consequently, this study provides support for energy monitoring and control.

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF HIGH GAIN SEPIC DC–DC CONVERTER

This paper proposes a new model of the converter, a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) type with a high gain voltage for clean energy sources. The suggested model is established by combining the traditional SEPIC DC-DC converter with two different circuits. The first circuit is a split-inductor circuit that is made of three diodes and two inductors, while the second circuit consists of two capacitors and two diodes. The suggested SEPIC DC-DC converter achieves a high voltage gain of 7.5 times the supply voltage when the duty cycle value is kept at 0.5 with only a unique controlled switch. The gain of the proposed converter is greatly increased while the ripple of output voltage and the input current is decreased for higher values of the duty cycle. In addition, the decreased value of the input current ripple results in limited switching stress. The suggested converter is analyzed in detail for continuous conduction mode (CCM). A MATLAB/ Simulink program is used to confirm the analysis of the suggested converter.

High Step-Up SEPIC-Based Trans-Inverse DC–DC Converter With Quasi-Resonance Operation for Renewable Energy Applications

This article proposes a new single switch trans-inverse high step-up converter applicable in sustainable sources of energies such as photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC). Through developing a single-ended primary-inductor converter by a three-winding built-in transformer (BIT) mixed with a switched-capacitor voltage multiplier cell, high voltage gains as well as low voltage stress across the <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mosfet</small> can be achieved to reduce the required duty cycle and the conduction losses. The third winding of the BIT acts in a trans-inverse manner whose turns ratio should be lower than unity. Hence, with a lower number of windings the voltage gain can also be improved. Furthermore, the quasi-resonance operation of the proposed converter, reduces the associated switching losses of the <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mosfet</small> and also guarantees zero current switching of diodes through the whole switching cycle. Meanwhile, low input current of the proposed converter serves as an interesting feature to maintain PV and FC lifetime. The detailed steady-state analysis of the proposed high-efficiency converter is presented with an extensive performance comparison to explore its advantages. Finally, a 200-W prototype with 20–250-V voltage conversion is developed in the laboratory to examine the carried steady-state analysis.

Recent Advances for DC-DC Converter Topology in Hybrid Renewable Energy System

The hybrid renewable energy systems are widely employed to meet the load demand at various critical times. This paper proposes the modelling, simulation, and conversion of energy using multiple power electronic based DC-DC converter topologies in Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) which consist of solar and wind turbine energy sources, for enhancing the system stability and efficiency. This work presents a novel high gain power electronic DC-DC known as Modified Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter with magnetic coupling for boosting voltage in HRES. Landsman converter is used to reach peak DC output voltage, improve power quality and voltage stability, reduce conversion of power stages, and decrease losses compared to the present power electronic converter coupled with HRES. Moreover, adaptive neuro fuzzy system controller is proposed in this research to gain peak power from photovoltaic system. The results are validated using SIMULINK/MATLAB software.

Analysis of Various Topologies and Control Circuit used in Single Phase EV Charger

Abstract: In remote electric vehicle charging frameworks utilizing inductive power transfer (IPT), power electronic converters assume a basic part in decreasing size and cost, as well as boosting the proficiency of the whole framework. As of late, analysts have led huge examination studies to work on the exhibition of power transformation frameworks, including power converter topologies and control plans. Incorporated On-Board Battery Chargers (OBC) have been acquainted as ideal arrangement with increase of electric vehicle (EV) market penetration and limit the general expense of EVs. OBCs are by and large arranged into triphasic and monophasic types with unidirectional or bidirectional power stream. Existing electric vehicle (EV) chargers utilize a hard-core non-linear diode bridge-rectifier (BR) to exploit the DC volt at the contribution of the DC converter and acquaint quality of the power is a counted as a problem with the AC input. These problems insist improvement in Power Quality for existing battery charger for this purpose the bridgeless Cuk Converter is used with the flyback converter. Cuk Converter used single diode and switch and provide additional advantage like reduction in the switch volt-stress and higher efficiency equated to the other conventional bridgeless (BL) converters. Similarly, bridgeless isolated Zeta-Luo converter with PF correction is also used. The Zeta and Luo is functioned for the half cycle of the supply individually and give the benefits of the both topologies. In this paper BL Zeta, BL Cuk, BL Buck-Boost, BL Luo, BL Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (BL SPIC), and Canonical Switched Cell (CSC) converters are reviewed.

Design and Implementation of Hybrid PV/Battery-Based Improved Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter-Fed Hybrid Electric Vehicle

In order to enhance the power transformation stage’s power transfer capabilities and efficiency, in this article, improved three-port two step-up single-ended primary-inductor converters (SEPIC) converter fed (Photovoltaic )PV- Hybrid Electric Vehicle was proposed. In comparison to the standard single-stage SEPIC, the proposed converter accepts a wider range of input voltages. The proposed three-port converter uses a multiple-winding high-frequency transformer (HFT) to integrate the dual sources and provide greater voltage gain with lesser elements. Furthermore, by predicting the drive torque need, the power management algorithm (PMA) included with the proposed PV-hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) minimizes the drive motor’s power consumption. An experimental model with a power output of 6 kW and a voltage range of 12 to 600 volts has been created and tested. The designed model has 94.11% efficiency.