Single Economic System Research Articles

GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND ITS SUBJECTS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECT

In the context of ensuring the competitiveness and development of the national economy and its subjects, as a single economic system in the modern conditions of its functioning, the global competitiveness of Ukraine was investigated according to the rating of the "Global Competitiveness Index" for 2015-2021. It was proven that the methodology for assessing the global competitiveness of countries is constantly changes, which is objective, the evaluation according to the methodology of the World Economic Forum (WEF), which characterizes the competitiveness of the countries of the world and which are at different levels of their economic development, as well as research under the influence of the financial and economic crisis and the global process - the impact of the COVID crisis - was analyzed -19, and the 2020 global competitiveness rating developed by the Institute for Management Development (The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY).
 The article examines the competitiveness rating of Ukraine in 2021-2022. in the World Competitiveness Rankings (World Competitiveness Rankings) and leading countries, as well as analyzed factors influencing the change in the rating. A study of the types of economic transformations of national economies, as complex, multilevel and multifaceted processes, was conducted. The experience of individual countries whose economies underwent evolutionary or radical transformations was analyzed. It has been proven that economic transformation, depending on the level of its occurrence and the goals of its implementation (macro-, meso-, mini-, nano-levels), can be structured into state and private, and the development of an effective economic state transformation and its implementation should have a significant impact on directions of positive and effective development or corresponding changes in the activity of both the national economy as a whole and its subjects.
 It is substantiated that the private economic transformation of the activities of the subjects of the national economy, which takes into account the aspirations and ability of the economic system, not only to maintain an equilibrium state, but also to have the ability to develop and change in activity in the aggressive under the influence of environmental factors - persistent transformation of activity. On the basis of a well-founded methodological approach to the formation of the concept of ensuring the competitiveness of an important branch of the economy of Ukraine - the food industry, which is based on taking into account various forms of the influence of globalization processes and the hypothesis of the need for its persistent transformation to ensure competitiveness and efficiency of functioning, the following are given: object and method of evaluation; level of object research; the complexity of the assessment approach; the obtained evaluation result based on the criterion evaluation of such a transformation by its types.

ENSURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTITIES OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF AN INCLUSIVE ECONOMY

In the context of ensuring the development of the national economy and its subjects, as a single economic system in the modern conditions of its functioning, the definitions of such economic categories as: "inclusive development", "inclusive development of the agro-food sector", "the structure of subjects of the national economy", "subjects of the agricultural sector".
 It has been proven that the influence of economic crises and globalization processes on the development and effective functioning of the national economy, the formation of the activities of its economic subjects (industries, enterprises, their associations, etc.) can both contribute to their development and have a negative impact and the cessation of activity. The system of inclusive development of the agro-food sector has been studied - macro-, meso- and micro-contours, which make it possible to distribute the contributions and roles of the participants in the process of creation and implementation of the finished product, works, services, as well as the purpose of its creation.
 In order to ensure the efficiency of functioning, competitiveness and development of subjects of the agro-food industry of Ukraine, the aspects of their economic transformation in modern conditions are considered. It is proved that the main goal of such economic transformation is to increase the efficiency of the activities of enterprises or their associations, and the peculiarity of the development of approaches to the management of industrial entities in the conditions of transformation is determined by the goals and objectives of such a transformation process.
 A persistent economic transformation (private) is proposed for subjects of the agro-food industry, which can be structured depending on the level of its occurrence and the goals of its implementation (macro-, meso-, mini-, nano-levels) and is considered by us as soft, moderate or hard transformation of the subjects' own activity based on the analysis of the persistence of their activity and criterion evaluation.

Bitcoin and the Academy

Bitcoin emerged from an anonymous creator who brought together several different academic disciplines with history in academic research, such as economics, computer science, and mathematics. The genius of Bitcoin was combining these disciplines into a single economic system. Part of the reason the academy has resisted Bitcoin adoption is that it is unsuited to this kind of interdisciplinary innovation. Economists and computer scientists do not understand one another’s disciplines deeply enough to create something like Bitcoin. For future radical innovations, the academy must reorganize around interdisciplinary innovation by breaking down disciplinary barriers to allow mixing in novel ways.

Науково-теоретичні засади визначення місця потенціалу конкурентоспроможності в структурі економічного потенціалу аграрних підприємств

The article is devoted to the substantiation of methodological provisions regarding identifying the potential of competitiveness in the structure of the economic potential of agrarian enterprises. Identifying the potential of competitiveness is a strategic tool for managing an agrarian enterprise, which helps achieve sustainable success in the target market. The potential of business entities as a complex economic system is considered. The characteristics of the development of potentials, in particular their complexity, dynamism, and the impact of globalization, are substantiated. The attributes of economic systems, such as integrity, complexity, communicativeness, and hierarchy, are considered. Attention is focused on the need to study individual aspects of the potential using models, such as functional or economic-mathematical, depending on the purpose of the study and the available information base. It is determined that the development sources of economic potential, as a single economic system, can be the growth of investment and innovative attractiveness and activity, competition; various forms, methods, and ways of forming and implementing system processes. It is substantiated that the processes of forming the economic potential of business entities require a scientifically based approach and consideration of various aspects. At this, the following scientific approaches should be used: system, marketing, functional, innovative, regulatory, complex, integration, dynamic, optimization, administrative, behavioral, situational, and structural approaches. Applying these approaches allows enterprises to effectively use their potential to achieve strategic and tactical goals in the conditions of market competition. It is proved that, in turn, the following approaches are used in managing the competitiveness potential of agricultural enterprises: functional, instrumental, and process. The combination of these management approaches has helped to create a holistic conception aimed at developing the competitiveness of agrarian enterprises through innovative and investment tools.

Hypothesis of a two-level investment system and the prospects for the planned development of the socialist market economy

Purpose. To substantiate an alternative investment system that would meet the needs of the further development of the modern economy and at the same time solve the problem of combining the planned development of the economy with its market functioning. Methodology. The study is based on the methodology of modern postclassical science, represented primarily by synergy, the theory of complex systems and the theory of chaos, and tends to sharpen the opposition between equilibrium functioning and nonequilibrium development of complex systems. The use of analytical tools of the post-classical methodology for analyzing the potential opposite of the mechanism of functioning and the mechanism of development of the economy in the conditions of the transition to the socialist market economy. Findings. Theoretical substantiation of the possibility of combining opposite mechanisms of functioning and development in a single economic system in the transition to the socialist market economy. This study proposes a theoretical scheme for a new investment system that includes two levels as a closed cycle of circulation of systemic capital. At the top level, there is a systematically organized process of creating new enterprises. These enterprises are created with the aim of selling them and creating new enterprises in the respective market in order to increase competitive activity. Such an investment system is able to provide a deep technological modernization of the economy from above through the constant creation of more and more green and energy-saving enterprises. However, the creation of such an investment system requires special historical conditions, since its formation is historically inaccessible to either capitalism or socialism and the system can only be created under the conditions of the socialist market economy. Originality. The originality is associated with the substantiation of the hidden opposition of the mechanisms of functioning and development of the economy, as well as the formation of an investment system that includes two levels as a closed cycle of circulation of systemic capital in the conditions of the development of the socialist market economy. Practical value. The scientific contribution is associated with the ability to practically use the methods for forming a two-level investment system in a closed cycle of circulation of systemic capital.

RELATED DIVERSITY FEDERALISM IN THE ASYMMETRIC RUSSIAN ECONOMIC SPACE

The relevance of the research is conditioned by to construct a model of economic federalism that allows considering Russian specifics, since the existing approach to understanding federalism did not allow finding a comprehensive solution to all emerging economic problems of federal relations and eliminate asymmetry of regional development. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to substantiate a federalism model designed to connect Russian regions of various characteristics into a single economic system. The proposed model of related diversity federalism is built considering the variability of interregional comparison (asymmetry of regional development), the coherence of three types of spaces (territorial, governance, and production) and the connectivity of regions in all functional spheres of interaction of federation. The author proposes the use of both universal, uniform and differentiated, specific measures of state support for regions from their role in the socio-economic development of the country. The proposed model based on the trinity of spaces of economic federalism and the trinity of balancing determinants (centralization and decentralization, symmetry and asymmetry, universality, and specificity) allows preserving the uniqueness of each of the territorial subjects of federalism into a single space of economic federalism.

Some problems of Entrepreneurial (Economic) Law

The article summarizes the interim results of the development of the branch of Economic (Entrepreneurial) Law at the present stage. The article reveals the subject of Entrepreneurial Law - business (economic) relations horizontally and vertically that develop in the process of economic activity and its organization (regulation). The scientific and practical justification of the need to codify the current legislation on entrepreneurial activity, in particular, through the publication of the Entrepreneurial (Economic) Code. The characteristics are investigated of the subjects of Entrepreneurial Law, which include individual entrepreneurs, enterprises, other commercial organizations and other collective entities, are investigated. A rethinking of the concept of a legal entity is proposed. The unique features of a single production and economic complex formed by economic entities, which makes up a single economic system, which includes enterprises, organizations and the center of the system, are analyzed. The expediency of the law on holdings is argued. The author examines the application of a number of norms of business legislation and suggests ways of its development.

Трансформация экономики российских регионов в 2020-2022 гг. и возможности социально-экономического развития Донбасса в составе России

Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the processes of transformation of the economy of Russian regions, including the possibilities of socio-economic development of the territories that became part of the Russian Federation in 2022. The subject of the study is the main socio-economic indicators of the regions of the Russian Federation. Goals/objectives. Based on the analysis of the main socio-economic indicators of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, to identify current trends in the development of the economy of the country and regions, as well as to determine promising opportunities for social and economic development and economic integration of new territories into a single economic system of the Russian Federation. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article was formed by such methods as analysis, deduction, as well as event, expert and statistical analysis. Results. The article analyzes the key socio-economic indicators of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Based on an expert analysis of the identified trends in socio-economic processes for the period from 2020 to 2022. and relevant scientific publications, the authors have identified the main directions of the transformation of the economy of Russian regions and formulated promising opportunities for the socio-economic development of the territories of Donbass as part of the Russian Federation. Conclusions/relevance. The novelty consists in conducting a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic trends of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in recent years and determining the actual opportunities for integration and development of new territories. As a result of the study, the main opportunities and limitations for the development of the territories of Donbass as part of Russia were formulated, taking into account the socio-economic processes within the country and possible changes in the geopolitical situation. Application. The results of the study can be applied in practice when making managerial decisions by officials of public authorities on the implementation of economic policy.

Analysis and evaluation of the resource potential of a territory using the method of geocognitive modeling

The relevance of the study consists in the new subject matter and details of geospatial support for the procedure of strategic planning in the development of regions under conditions of digital transformation. The objective of the study is to present the ideas, new views, and innovative approaches to the use of geospatial data, information, and knowledge in evaluating territorial resources and in substantiating the possibility of applying the method of geocognitive modeling to analysis of the resource potential of territories with a view to strategic planning of their social and economic development. The issues of using geospatial knowledge about a territory, of revealing and presenting territorial characteristics influencing a territory’s evaluation, balanced and efficient use of the natural resources, material, technological, human and other potentials were investigated. Findings of the study: analysis of one of the main trends in territorial development over the recent years (intensive use of geoinformation, geoinformation systems, geospatial knowledge, and geospatial analytical data in planning and management of countries and regions) was made. Formal interpretation of the evaluation and use of territorial resources as objects of a single economic system is proposed. Based on formal logical analysis, a theoretical multiple presentation of the process of analyzing the value of a territory from the viewpoint of its industrial use and spatial opportunities is made. The concept of a geo-fragment is used as an elementary unit of geospace in which industrial and/or natural processes take place and interaction of the objects of different industrial fields occurs. Theoretical and practical meaning: a new geocognitive method of evaluating various properties of a territory is proposed, including the degree of development, knowledge, and being fit for comfortable living of people and other territorial aspects. The technological interpretation of the proposed method for assessing the economic value of regional resources is provided. Conclusion: geospatial activity in the territorial context is becoming an important factor in planning territorial development when optimizing the distribution (redistribution) of territorial resources by way of complex interaction of industries and clusters. The study opens up opportunities for further development of the methods, approaches and technologies of formation and use of geospatial knowledge and geocognitive technologies.

Educational development in a period of transition: the case of Kazakhstan

The development of education in the post-socialist space is one of the most interesting objects for comparative research. Countries that had similar or even identical education systems before the fall of the socialist regime can today serve as a research platform for testing modern theories of social development. According to modernization theory, the “underdeveloped” post-socialist countries had to catch up with their more “advanced” Western counterparts. Due to the fact that in all countries the goals of the reforms were similar, the expected result should have been more or less the same. However, despite the recommended reforms of Western consultants, different trajectories are observed in the educational system. Obviously, the prevailing tendencies in the educational system are divergence instead of convergence. According to the theory of dependence, the world is a single economic system, and countries, in turn, perform different roles and functions. On the example of Kazakhstan, we see that over 30 years of independence, the education system of independent Kazakhstan has received a worthy international recognition. During the years of Independence, a national model of education has been formed, aimed at improving the quality of training of human resources, meeting the needs of the individual, society and the state. A regulatory legal framework has been formed. The laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On education”, “On higher education”, “On science”, “On the rights of the child in the Republic of Kazakhstan”, “On the state educational accumulative system”, “On the commercialization of the results of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities “,” On the status of a teacher “and others. Key words: Post-socialism, educational transformations, transitory period, theories of modernization and dependency.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ КЛАСТЕР И КЛАСТЕРНЫЙ ПОДХОД В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКОЙ КООПЕРАЦИИ

The article provides a definition of an economic cluster, as well as outlines the characteristics of an economic cluster and aspects of the cluster approach in the activities of consumer cooperation organizations. The comparison of the economic cluster and consumer cooperation organizations is carried out. The socio-economic orientation of consumer cooperation activities is highlighted. The content of the types of organizations included in consumer cooperation is presented. The use of the cluster approach in the activities and development of consumer cooperation is presented as the basis of the mechanism for increasing their competitiveness. A diagram of a typical cooperative cluster is presented, containing the types of organizations included in it and their interrelationships. The cluster is considered as a single economic system. Clarified the need to define the boundaries of a cluster that determine its effectiveness. The influence of the cluster on competition is expressed. The comparison of cluster and sectoral approaches to the consideration of the economy is carried out. The importance of interpersonal relations within the cluster is indicated as a guarantee of its successful development.

SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN MILK AND DAIRY MARKET PARTICIPANTS OF UKRAINE

Introduction. Successful development of the national agro-product sector is impossible without improving the system of market relations between economic entities. The market of milk and dairy products today is one of the most promising markets for agricultural raw materials and food. The decrease in the actual level of the population provision in Ukraine with dairy products in recent years is relevant to studies that characterize the interaction of key elements of the market as part of a single economic system. Objective. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the composition of the system elements of economic relations between participants in the modern market of milk and dairy products in Ukraine and assess the current state of its development. Methods. Some methods and techniques of scientific knowledge have been used in the process of scientific research: abstract-logical (in forming the logical-structural scheme of the economic relations system of milk market participants and dairy products), monographic and economic-statistical (in assessing the current state of market development), methods of analysis and synthesis (in the formalization and evaluation of the factors effect on the development of market processes), the method of scientific comparison. Results. It is determined that the system of economic relations of milk market participants and dairy products is based on a set of levers of the market mechanism of management (demand, supply, price, competition) and the balance of economic interests of each of its subjects. Price is the main lever that balances the economic interests of dairy market players. The modern price mechanism of the market of milk and dairy products contributes to the profitable management of the dairy industry, however, do not provide food security and a sufficient level of consumption of dairy products by the population. The estimation of volumes of production and supply of milk, market balance, level of supply and consumption of dairy products by the population is carried out. The analysis of price tendencies of the market of milk and dairy products in the context of development of the world market of milk is also carried out. The main directions and volumes of state financial support of the dairy industry of Ukraine have been determined. The main problematic aspects of the development of the domestic market of milk and dairy products are: reduction of production of milk raw materials, low quality, low level of effective demand for dairy products by the population, intensification of competition in the market and increased participation of foreign dairy companies. Prospects. Prospects for further research are to identify and assess the economic benefits of the economic system of the market of milk and dairy products in Ukraine. Keywords: economic relations; market; system; milk and dairy products; agricultural production; dairy cattle breeding.

К вопросу развития туристической отрасли посредством реализации социально-экономического потенциала регионов России (на примере регионов зоны Арктики)

The tourism industry is one of the most dynamically developing and promising sectors of the global economy, but currently the tourism industry contributes less than 3.5% to Russia’s GDP, which cannot be recognized as corresponding to the huge tourist and recreational potential. The “Strategy for the Development of Tourism in the Russian Federation until 2035” formulates the tasks of increasing the efficiency of functioning. The importance of the tasks actualizes the study of all scientific and applied aspects of the development of gions of the Russian Federation, one of the key elements of which is the tourist and recreational potential. The article considers the management of tourist and recreational activities in the context of the socio-economic development of the subject of the Russian Federation. The results of studying world experience in the field of tourism are presented and the possibilities of using best practices in Russia are investigated. The mechanism of integration of tourist and recreational zones of the country into a single economic system is substantiated and a model of a virtual tourist and recreational cluster is proposed. The possibilities of implementing public-private partnership projects as a source of financing the tourism industry on the example of Arctic tourism are considered. The directions of development of the tourism industry through the implementation of the socio-economic potential of the regions of Russia are formulated.

ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes all stages of production of both raw materials and finished agricultural products common for the modern agricultural production in Ukraine. Both the external and internal factors influencing the primary and secondary production of agricultural products were studied. The markets for agricultural raw materials and finished products, namely, the national and international markets for agricultural products, were also considered. Based on the results of analysis, the economic-mathematical model of production and processing of agricultural products as a single economic system has been constructed . The model was built taking into account the most vital requirements of each of the selected stages,. Each of the five stages of production, that were distinguished, was described using mathematical formulas. For some of the steps, the Cobb-Douglas multiplicative production function, modernized for the specifics of agricultural production, was used. The function used includes the influence of the areal factor on the gross agricultural production, as well as classic labor and capital factors. The problem of increasing the efficiency of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy was formulated and solved Using this economic-mathematical model of production in the development of agricultural policy and macroeconomic planning will allow to consider changes in the economy of the agricultural and processing industry, to assess the possible consequences of new activities in state economic policy, implementation and monitoring of the long-term negative and positive trends of production and processing of agricultural products. Moreover, due to this model, it could be possible to increase the volume of earnings inforeign currency, which, in turn, can be used as investment not only in agricultural but also in other sectors of the national economy.

Theoretical components of intra-industry service development strategy

Presently, the globalization in trade and in capital markets forced service organizations to extend the range of service functions to meet globally accepted standards in a single economic system. However, not all service companies are the same. Globalization has different implications for different types of services and is affected by the nature of the process involved in creating and delivering a given service. The aim of this paper is to define strategies and enduring patterns of action for service sector entities such as: a set of reliable rules, means and reactions as well as to define new methods of performance through analysis and logical conclusions that arise from the laws and dependence between economic values. All the factors have significance in terms of the growth in services thus in the growth of the whole economy in general.

GLOBALISASI, NEO-LIBERALISME DAN ANCAMAN DEHUMANISASI

It is an interesting thing to explore globalization as an era of trade growth between nations and a massive single economic system that is universal today. The single system is called neo-liberalism, which is a system that promotes increasing profits by the way of the free market. This system is expected to eliminate economic disparities between continents, nations, races, ethnics and languages inshared prosperity. The negative effects of globalization and neo-liberalism are not local or regional issues, on the other hand, globalization and neo-liberalism 'monster' that are ready to exterminate anyone who gets in his desire. Nevertheless, the analysis of class conflict for today is increasingly unclear; however, the class war is shifted increasingly wider into State class. This is the urgency of the studies in this paper tries to analyse globalization, neo-liberalism and the threat of dehumanization of human life in this modem era.

International Expansion and Transition to the Network Structure of the Multinational Companies and Their Social Consequences

Economic globalization is associated with growing interconnectedness, interdependence and the integration of businesses into a single economic system, improving the competitiveness of businesses, and places new demands and requirements on firms. Companies that wanted to survive in a new, dynamic and competitive environment had to apply new development strategies, whose main motto was to reduce costs and to create greater flexibility on the global market. Many large companies managed huge cost reductions in the globalized economy through international expansion to the industrial periphery and semi-periphery countries (developing countries and Central and Eastern Europe) and through the transition from a pyramidal organizational structure to a network structure. The control centre of companies in a network organization deprives hierarchical and pyramidal corporate structures, rather temporarily joins a network of small suppliers, subcontractors and service providers. In the business environment networks are more flexible and adaptable than firms with a hierarchical structure. They are highly effective because they allow significant reductions in the operating costs of the company. On the other hand, the network structure of relations has a number of social consequences, such as the reduction in the number of employees, the rise in non-standard employment contracts and the abolition of responsibility.

Future of the shipping dialogue in UNCTAD

UNCAD has played a central role in the development of international shipping policies, particularly those of developing countries. While comprehensively addressing all shipping issues affecting both the industry and the maritime trade of developing countries. UNCTAD has concentrated its greatest efforts on policies designed to achieve those objectives. These policies also reflected the then existing international environment of confrontation. East/West ideological conflicts and the North/South divide. The results were far from satisfactory, although a number of international agreement were reached under the auspices of UNCTAD. The end of the cold war and the emergence of the single economic system (the market place) has brought about far-reaching changes in UNCTAD, its secretariat, its intergovernmental machinery and the substantive content of its secretariat, its intergovernmental machinery and the substantive content of its deliberations. It is expected that the shipping dialogue in UNCTAD in the 1990s will be significantly different in content and structure. This article attempts to point to possible courses of action that will be taken in UNCTAD fora in the area of shipping in the context of promoting a competitive services in developing countries.

Is Private Capital Possible within the Ownership Structure of Contemporary Soviet Society?

The interpretation of the crisis state of our society has occasioned numerous attempts to analyze its economic foundation—the nature, functions, and effectiveness of state ownership. The idea that various forms of ownership, private ownership included (e.g., in the form of a family farm), can compete within the single economic system of Soviet society is now no longer a novelty. A number of economists insist that share-holding ownership is a possible and effective form of public ownership. The purpose of the present article is to attempt to demonstrate the possibility and necessity of also permitting private capital within the structure of the emerging property relations in the Soviet economy.