Single Doublet Research Articles

Magnetism in Two-leg Ladder Compound Ba6Fe8S15 with Mixed Oxidation State of Iron

The magnetic properties of two-leg ladder compound Ba6Fe8S15 were studied to clarify the magnetic state at low temperatures. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra above 120K indicate the existence of only a single quadrupole doublet, which is consistent with the evidence of one crystallographic Fe site. Below 120K, however, the spectra characterized by two kinds of magnetic hyperfine patterns were observed, indicating an existence of complicated magnetic order. These spectra observed down to 4.2K were analyzed using one-site model of iron where only the hyperfine field is different from each pattern.

Spectroscopic characterization of iron ores formed in different geological environments using FTIR, XPS, Mössbauer spectroscopy and thermoanalyses

Application of thermoanalyses, FTIR, XPS and Mössbauer spectroscopic methods can differentiate between iron ores formed in different geological environments. Two types of iron ore are formed in shallow marine environments in the Bahariya Depression, Egypt, yellowish brown ooidal ironstones (type 1) and black mud and fossiliferous ironstones (type 2). Both types were subjected to subaerial weathering, producing a dark brown lateritic (pedogenic) iron ore (type 3). Microscopic investigation indicates goethite is the main mineral in types 1 and 3, while hematite is the main mineral in type 2 and also occurs in type 3. Thermoanalyses indicated the dehydroxylation endothermic peak of goethite of type 1 occurs between 329 and 345°C, while in type 3 occurs between 284 and 330°C. This variation can be attributed to the nanocrystalline nature of the pedogenic goethite. The presence of an exothermic peak at 754°C in type 3 is probably attributed to goethite-hematite phase transformation. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that goethite of type 1 is characterized by the presence of the δ-OH band between 799 and 802cm−1, the γ-OH between 898 and 904cm−1 and the bulk hydroxyl stretch between 3124 and 3133cm−1. Goethite of type 3 is characterized by the absence of the bulk hydroxyl stretch band and the δ-OH and γ-OH are shifted to higher Wavenumbers that can attributed to a relative Al-for Fe-substitution. Hematite is identified by two IR bands; the first is between 464 and 475cm−1 and at the second is between 540 and 557cm−1. Quartz is identified in all iron ore types, nitrates are identified in types 1 and 2, but absent in type 3 and Kaolinite is identified in type 2. The Mössbauer spectrum of type 1 is fitted with one magnetic sextet corresponding to goethite with an isomer shift (IS)=0.374mms−1, a quadruple splitting (QS)=−0.27mms−1 and a hyperfine magnetic field (BHF)=∼37. The Mössbauer spectrum of type 2 is fitted with one magnetic sextet corresponding to hematite with IS=0.363mms−1, QS=−0.23mms−1 and BHF=∼50. The Mössbauer spectrum of type 3 is best fitted with a single doublet corresponding to ferrihydrite and one sextet corresponding to hematite. The XPS survey scans and the high resolution of the Fe 2p3/2 can differentiate between the yellowish-brown and green ooidal laminae of type 1. The XPS survey scans indicate the presence of Fe, O, C, N, Na, Cl, Ca and Si in all laminae, while S, Zn, Ti and P are only restricted to the green laminae. The high resolution of the Fe 2p3/2 indicates that Fe is linked to OH− ligand in the yellowish-brown laminae that correspond to goethite, while Fe is linked to SO42− ligand in the green laminae. The XPS survey scans of types 2 and 3 indicate that Fe is linked to O2− ligand that corresponds to hematite.

레이저 프로젝터의 스페클 저감을 위한 광학 소자 설계 및 제작

Laser projector has many advantages of high brightness, high resolution and small size, but the huge drawback of image degradation called speckle which generated by coherence of laser and roughness of surface interrupts their general use. There are many methods to reduce speckle pattern, but they need effective optical systems to realize display to the far field with huge volume. We designed speckle reduction element by using microlens with controlled curvature to reduce spatial coherence. Vibration element was also applied to reduce temporal coherence which considered response time of eye. Designed element was fabricated by simple reflow method and imprinting method. From the results, the fabricated element performed 48.33% of speckle reduction efficiency and 41.29% of optical efficiency with a single doublet lens.

Probing the Structure of NaYF4 Nanocrystals using Synchrotron-Based Energy-Dependent X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Understanding the structure and chemical speciation of the synthesized lanthanide-doped NaYF4 nanocrystals is of paramount importance to improve and optimize their physical and chemical properties. Hence in this work we employ synchrotron-based high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements to analyze lanthanide-doped and undoped NaYF4 nanocrystals. These measurements revealed that there are two doublets for the yttrium ions in the nanocrystal instead of the single doublet in case all Y3+ ions have the same chemical environment, generally observed around a binding energy of 160 eV (3d photoelectrons of Y3+). This second doublet (binding energy ∼ 157.5 eV) was convoluted with the first doublet (binding energy ∼ 160 eV), and the intensity of this doublet increased with a decrease in excitation X-ray energy. The second doublet was confirmed to belong to the yttrium ions as doped and undoped NaYF4 nanocrystals exhibit this second peak. The peaks were deconvoluted showing that the second p...

Alisertib added to rituximab and vincristine is synthetic lethal and potentially curative in mice with aggressive DLBCL co-overexpressing MYC and BCL2.

Pearson correlation coefficient for expression analysis of the Lymphoma/Leukemia Molecular Profiling Project (LLMPP) demonstrated Aurora A and B are highly correlated with MYC in DLBCL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), while both Auroras correlate with BCL2 only in DLBCL. Auroras are up-regulated by MYC dysregulation with associated aneuploidy and resistance to microtubule targeted agents such as vincristine. Myc and Bcl2 are differentially expressed in U-2932, TMD-8, OCI-Ly10 and Granta-519, but only U-2932 cells over-express mutated p53. Alisertib [MLN8237 or M], a highly selective small molecule inhibitor of Aurora A kinase, was synergistic with vincristine [VCR] and rituximab [R] for inhibition of cell proliferation, abrogation of cell cycle checkpoints and enhanced apoptosis versus single agent or doublet therapy. A DLBCL (U-2932) mouse model showed tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of ∼10–20% (p = 0.001) for M, VCR and M-VCR respectively, while R alone showed ∼50% TGI (p = 0.001). M-R and VCR-R led to tumor regression [TR], but relapsed 10 days after discontinuing therapy. In contrast, M-VCR-R demonstrated TR with no relapse >40 days after stopping therapy with a Kaplan-Meier survival of 100%. Genes that are modulated by M-VCR-R (CENP-C, Auroras) play a role in centromere-kinetochore function in an attempt to maintain mitosis in the presence of synthetic lethality. Together, our data suggest that the interaction between alisertib plus VCR plus rituximab is synergistic and synthetic lethal in Myc and Bcl-2 co-expressing DLBCL. Alisertib plus vincristine plus rituximab [M-VCR-R] may represent a new strategy for DLBCL therapy.

Charge quantization and the Standard Model from the [formula omitted] and [formula omitted] nonlinear σ-models

We investigate charge quantization in the Standard Model (SM) through a CP2 nonlinear sigma model (NLSM), SU(3)G/(SU(2)H×U(1)H), and a CP3 model, SU(4)G/(SU(3)H×U(1)H). We also generalize to any CPk model. Charge quantization follows from the consistency and dynamics of the NLSM, without a monopole or Grand Unified Theory, as shown in our earlier work on the CP1 model (arXiv:1309.0692). We find that representations of the matter fields under the unbroken non-abelian subgroup dictate their charge quantization under the U(1)H factor. In the CP2 model the unbroken group is identified with the weak and hypercharge groups of the SM, and the Nambu–Goldstone boson (NGB) has the quantum numbers of a SM Higgs. There is the intriguing possibility of a connection with the vanishing of the Higgs self-coupling at the Planck scale. Interestingly, with some minor assumptions (no vector-like matter and minimal representations) and starting with a single quark doublet, anomaly cancellation requires the matter structure of a generation in the SM. Similar analysis holds in the CP3 model, with the unbroken group identified with QCD and hypercharge, and the NGB having the up quark as a partner in a supersymmetric model. This can motivate solving the strong CP problem with a vanishing up quark mass.

Comparison of outcomes for the elderly patients treated with single agent versus doublet regimen as first-line chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer.

136 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a second leading cause of death in Korean elderly cancer patients. Palliative chemotherapy would be an option of treatment in inoperable elderly GC patients for gaining survival time. We analysed the differences between single and doublet first line palliative chemotherapy in elderly GC patients. Methods: More than 70-year-old GC patients treated in the hospitals of the Catholic university of Korea were analysed. Baseline characteristics, first-line chemotherapy regimen, treatment responses, toxicities, time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Results: From 2005 to 2012, 178 GC patients above 70 years had been treated with palliative chemotherapy with single or doublet regimen. The median age were 77 years (range 70-89) in single regimen group (SG, 70 patients) and 73 years (range 70-81) in doublet regimen group (DG, 108 patients). TS-1 or capecitabine was used in SG, and platinum combined with 5FU or taxane was the most common regimen in DG. The most common response in both group was stable disease. Median relative dose intensity was 92.4% (range 50~100%) in SG and 83.5% (range 43~100%) in DG. Median TTP in SG was 4.40 months (95% CI, 2.85-5.95) and 4.10 months in DG (95% CI, 2.62-5.57, P=0.295). Median OS was 6.90 months (95% CI, 4.20-9.59) in SG, 8.20 months (95% CI, 5.96-10.43, p=0.918) in DG. Hematologic (P=0.03) and non-hematologic toxicities (p=0.061) were more frequent in DG. The common causes to terminate chemotherapy were disease progression in SG and decreased performance status in DG. Conclusions: No significant differences were observed in TTP and OS in both groups, but treatment related hematologic toxicity of SG was less than DG. Single agent treatment would be considered as the option of first line palliative chemotherapy in the elderly more than 70 years.

Annealing effect on zinc nanoferrite particles synthesized by spray pyrolysis of polymer precursor

Nanosized zinc ferrite particles, prepared by spray pyrolysis method, were investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fe57 Mossbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The cubic crystalline phases were identified in all samples. The lattice parameter (a = 8.446 A) and the average particle size of all the samples were determined. The particle sizes increased as the annealing temperature increased from 250 °C to 550 °C. The variation in structural parameters and particle size estimated from X-ray diffraction patterns of heat-treated samples suggested that the synthesized sample was in a `metastable' state or a compositionally constrained state. The Mossbauer spectra of the annealed samples showed a single doublet, thereby indicating the presence of superparamagnetism. Magnetic studies using vibrating sample magnetometer also confirm the superparamagnetic nature of the material.

Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Substituted Manganese Ferrites Synthesized by Sol-gel Method

Nickel substituted manganese ferrites, Mn 1-x Ni x Fe₂O₄ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6), were fabricated by sol-gel method. The effects of sintering and substitution on their crystallographic and magnetic properties were studied. X-ray diffractometry of Mn 0.6 Ni 0.4 Fe₂O₄ ferrite sintered above 523 K indicated a spinel structure; particles increased in size with hotter sintering. The Mossbauer spectrum of this ferrite sintered at 523 K could be fitted as a single quadrupole doublet, indicative of a superparamagnetic phase. Sintering at 573 K led to spectrum fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets and a single quadrupole doublet, indicating both ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic phase. Sintering at 673 K and at 773 K led to spectra fitted as two Zeeman sextets due to a ferrimagnetic phase. The saturation magnetization and the coercivity of Mn 0.6 Ni 0.4 Fe₂O₄ ferrite sintered at 773 K were 53.05 emu/g and 142.08 Oe. In Mn 1-x Ni x Fe₂O₄ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) ferrites, sintering of any composition at 773 K led to a single spinel structure. Increased Ni substitution decreased the ferrites’ lattice constants and increased their particle sizes. The Mossbauer spectra could be fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and the octahedral sites of the Fe³? ions. The variations of saturation magnetization and coercivity with changing Ni content could be explained using the changes of particle size.

Properties of the static NMR response of a confined thin nematic film of 5CB-d2under crossed electric and magnetic fields: Theory and experiments

This work describes an investigation of the static (or quasistatic) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) response in a nematic liquid crystal confined between two planar conducting plates and subject to a magnetic field and an electric field produced by a difference of voltage applied on the plates. Deuterium NMR spectroscopy of 4-pentyl-d(2)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB-d(2)) under these conditions has revealed a voltage dependent inhomogeneous director distribution for a particular narrow range of voltages and for a fixed magnetic field (that of the spectrometer). In the ideal setup the two plates are assumed to be rigorously parallel, so that a difference of voltage applied on the plates leads to a constant electric field normal to them. When the magnetic field is parallel to the plates (orthogonal geometry) there exists a threshold value of the electric field for which the effect of both fields exactly compensate; moreover, for stronger electric field the director aligns with the electric field while for weaker electric field the director aligns with the magnetic field. If there is a lack of parallelism between the two plates, the electric field becomes inhomogeneous so that it may be larger than the threshold value in some region of the sample and smaller in the remaining part of the sample. In that case the director will adopt essentially two orientations within the sample, namely, parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field, and the position of the frontier between the two domains depends on the voltage. This feature is clearly shown by deuterium NMR spectra that exhibit a transfer of intensity between two quadrupolar doublets with increase in the applied voltage. The coexistence of two director populations occurs for a range of voltages that depends on the degree of nonparallelism; accordingly, an estimation of this range by NMR yields an experimental estimation of the lack of parallelism. A tiny tilt of the magnetic field (nonorthogonal geometry) entrains a notably different behavior since a single doublet with voltage dependent splitting is observed in this case. In a first stage (simple model) of this work, the main features observed for the orthogonal and nonorthogonal geometries are interpreted within the framework of Leslie-Ericksen theory by employing the concept of a single effective field replacing the two real fields. However, the spectra reveal an additional director distribution, especially for the orthogonal geometry, that cannot be interpreted by this simple approach. In a second stage (advanced model), these less clear features have been investigated by numerical simulations of a two-dimensional model which includes the effects of inversion walls and of the high relative dielectric anisotropy of 5CB.

Alisertib Added to Rituximab and Vincristine Is Synthetic Lethal and Curative of Double Hit Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Mice

Abstract 159 About one-third of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients develop relapsed/refractory disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Of DLBCL, 5% are double-hit lymphomas (DHLs) with translocations of MYC and BCL2 characterized by poor outcomes with R-CHOP. Auroras (A and B) are a family of mitotic oncogenic serine/threonine kinases required for high fidelity regulation of the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Aberrant over-expression of Auroras leads to genetic instability, polyploidy and resistance to microtubule targeted agents. Previously we showed Aurora inhibitor (MLN8237, alisertib) [M] plus vincristine [V] plus rituximab [R] is synthetic lethal and a potential curative therapy in a mantle cell lymphoma model (Granta-519) with several cell cycle genetic defects [t (11;14)], ATM (haploinsufficient), p16/p14 (Del)] but p53 (WT). We evaluated ABC-DLBCL cell lines TMD-8 and U-2932 where the BCR/NF-kB pathway is constitutively active. In TMD-8, CD79B is mutated and in U-2932, Bcl2 [3q27] and Bcl6 [18q21] are amplified, p53 (mutated) and c-Myc over-expressed [DHL]. Triple therapy with MVR abolished proliferation, disrupted cell cycle processes and induced apoptosis compared to single agent and doublet treatments. A Mouse xenograft model of U-2932 showed modest activity for M (30 mg kg, PO, QD, 3 weeks), V (0.375 mg/kg, IV, Q1Wx3) and MV with tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of ∼10% (p=0.01) respectively. However, R (10 mg/kg, IV, Q1Wx3) alone induced ∼ 50% TGI (p=0.01) due to effective targeting of Bcl2. Doublets MR and VR led to tumor regression (TR), but relapse soon after stopping therapy. In contrast, MVR demonstrated TR with no relapses >40 days after stopping therapy. All treatments were well tolerated (no weight loss) and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that mice treated with MR, VR and MVR had a statistically significant improvement in overall survival compared to control, M, V and MV (p<0.0001). Moreover, with MVR, OS was 100% (Figure 1). Gene expression profiling, RT-PCR, IHC and Western blotting of harvested tumors at the end of treatment (3 weeks) has been interrogated to ascertain the mechanistic role of Aurora inhibition when added to R [R Vs MR] and VR [VR Vs MVR]. Thus, addition of R to MV represents a novel therapeutic strategy that is currently under clinical trial evaluation in aggressive B-NHL including double hit lymphomas sponsored by Millennium Pharmaceuticals (C14011). Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Survival by Treatment: MLN8237 (M), Rituximab (R), Vincristine (V), MR, MV, VR, MVR in a U-2932 ABC-DLBCL SCID Mouse Xenograft Model Figure 1:. Kaplan-Meier Survival by Treatment: MLN8237 (M), Rituximab (R), Vincristine (V), MR, MV, VR, MVR in a U-2932 ABC-DLBCL SCID Mouse Xenograft Model Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Oxo-Bridged Trinuclear Fe(III) Complexes: Structural and Magnetic Properties

The crystal structure of (µ3-Oxo)-hexakis(µ2-cyanoacetato)-triaqua-tri-iron(III) nitrate pentahydrate shows that the trinuclear ferric complex has an equilateral molecular structure which is manifested in the 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum single doublet. The magnetic measurements reveal antiferromagnetic exchange interactions of –22.85 cm-1, between the metal centers, that compel the system to a total spin ground state of S = ½.

1181PD - Randomized Phase II Study of Adjuvant Chemotherapy with S-1 Versus CDDP + S-1 in Resected Stage II-IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (WJOG4107)

ABSTRACT Background Postoperative cisplatin doublet chemotherapy benefits patients with completely resected stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). S-1 is an oral fluorinated pyrimidine formulation that combines tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), and potassium oxonate in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1 and widely used by single agent or platinum doublet for advanced NSCLC in Japan. This phase II trial assessed the efficacy and safety of S-1 and cisplatin plus S-1 for adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods From September 2007 to Dec 2009, 200 patients with completely resected stage II and IIIA (exclude multi-station N2 cases) NSCLC were randomized to receive either oral S-1 (40 mg/m2 twice per day) for consecutive 2 weeks repeated every 3 weeks for 1 year or cisplatin (60 mg/m2 day1) plus oral S-1 (40 mg/m2 twice per day) for consecutive 2 weeks repeated every 3 weeks for 4 cycles within 8 weeks after surgery. Main inclusion criteria were no prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy, ECOG PS 0-1, an age of less than 75 years, and an adequate organ function. Stratification factors included histology, stage and institutions. Primary endpoint was relapse free survival rate on 2 years and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and toxicity. Results Patient demographics were well balanced between the arms in terms of sex, age, histologic type and stage. 52.6% of patients in S-1 arm and 76.7% in cisplatin plus S-1 arm were completed planned administration. Relapse free survival rate on 2 years was 65.6% (95% confidence interval, 55.3-74.0%) in the S-1 arm and 58.1% (95% confidence interval, 47.7-67.2%) in the cisplatin plus S-1 arm. OS were not matured in the both arms. Though the rates of leukopenia or neutropenia of grade 3/4, febrile neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting were more frequent in the cisplatin plus S-1 arm, there were no treatment related deaths in the both groups. Conclusion Both S-1 monotherapy and cisplatin plus S-1 are feasible as adjuvant chemotherapy for completed resected NSCLC. Disclosure I. Yoshino: Research Funds from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Masses of a fourth generation with two Higgs doublets

We use sampling techniques to find robust constraints on the masses of a possible fourth sequential fermion generation from electroweak oblique variables. We find that in the case of a light (115 GeV) Higgs from a single electroweak symmetry breaking doublet, inverted mass hierarchies are possible for both quarks and leptons, but a mass splitting more than M(W) in the quark sector is unlikely. We also find constraints in the case of a heavy (600 GeV) Higgs in a single doublet model. As recent data from the Large Hadron Collider hints at the existence of a resonance at 124.5 GeV and a single Higgs doublet at that mass is inconsistent with a fourth fermion generation, we examine a type II two Higgs doublet model. In this model, there are ranges of parameter space where the Higgs sector can potentially counteract the effects of the fourth generation. Even so, we find that such scenarios produce qualitatively similar fermion mass distributions.

Analysis of the efficacy and survival of third-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

背景与目的随着高效低毒药物的出现，越来越多的晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者有机会接受三线治疗，但目前三线的标准治疗除厄洛替尼外尚无其它选择方案。本研究旨在比较单药化疗、靶向药物与双药联合化疗在晚期NSCLC患者三线治疗中的疗效与安全性。方法回顾分析115例Ⅲb期/Ⅳ期接受三线治疗的NSCLC患者的疗效及生存状况。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线、Cox多因素生存分析模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果单药组、靶向治疗组与双药联合组中位无进展生存时间（progression free survival, PFS）分别为2.30个月、3.17个月和2.37个月（P=0.045），三线治疗后的中位生存时间（overall survival, OS）分别为8.00个月、10.40个月和7.87个月（P=0.110），Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度毒性反应发生率分别为33.3%、18.2%和68.8%（P < 0.001）。多因素分析显示体能状况（performance status, PS）评分（P < 0.001）是PFS的独立预后因素，既往无吸烟史（P=0.011）、PS评分0分-1分（P < 0.001）和一二线治疗疗效获得疾病控制（P=0.044）是三线治疗OS的独立预后因素。结论PS评分较好、既往不吸烟和一二线治疗疗效疾病控制的患者在三线治疗中更能获益，与化疗单药或双药相比靶向药物组PFS显示出优势。

The potential role of data-centres in enabling investment in geothermal energy

A techno-economic analysis is presented, of the potential for data-centres and fibre optic networks to drive investment in geothermal resources. The concept is attractive because of data-centres’ stable demand for electricity and refrigeration at a scale of <5MWe, corresponding to the output of a single well doublet; because the cost of establishing a fibre optic link is an order of magnitude less than augmenting an electricity transmission network; and because it offers an opportunity for geothermal systems to compete with the retail price of electricity. A comparison of energy delivery outcomes was performed for both engineered geothermal systems (EGS) and hot sedimentary aquifer (HSA) reservoirs to identify the minimum conditions that could make the concept economically attractive. For the high temperature EGS, a single and dual pressure binary organic Rankine cycle (EGS-ORC, EGS-2×ORC), a single stage flash (EGS-flash) and a hybrid flash-binary system (EGS-hybrid) were studied. The HSA system investigated the direct use (HSA-DU) of the geo-fluid in an absorption chiller for refrigeration and the use of coincidental natural gas resources to deliver electricity via an internal combustion engine. The technical performance of these systems was assessed for a range of well-head pressure (EGS only) and geo-fluid flow rate scenarios. The economic performance of the combined set of investments in optical fibre and energy infrastructure was examined by estimating the expected internal rate of return (E[IRR]). The HSA-DU option yielded an E[IRR] of 14%, following the installation of energy capacity equivalent to the output of one well-doublet assuming the displacement of the Australian retail price of electricity; and 12% for the US retail price. In comparison, the EGS-hybrid was found to have an E[IRR] of 8%, if the Australian retail price were displaced and 4% if the US retail price were displaced. The EGS-flash, ORC and 2×ORC scenarios were found to be progressively less attractive than the EGS-hybrid. To identify the conditions under which the concept could satisfy commercial hurdle rates, the sensitivity of the E[IRR] was investigated for the cost of an optical fibre link; the EGS resource depth; the retail price of electricity displaced; and a data-centres’ energy consumption profile. Credits for CO2 emissions abatement at $23/ton were found to have only a marginal influence on the economic performance of the EGS and HSA scenarios examined.

Temperature dependence of the quadrupole splitting of olivine and pyroxene from the Plains of Gusev Crater on Mars

In the present work, we report application of simultaneous fitting procedures to Mossbauer data acquired on the Plains of Gusev Crater by the MIMOS II spectrometer on board the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. Based on a quantitative measure of spectrum quality, the 34 best of the ∼126 spectra acquired on the Plains are grouped together for a single simultaneous fit with a common least-squares criterion. Fitted values for the quadrupole splitting (QS) of olivine (Ol) from 200 K to 260 K are shown to lie between reported trend lines for Fo50 and Fo30 olivine, with a temperature gradient of (−11.2 ± 1.2) × 10 − 4 mm/s/K, a nearly five-fold improvement in precision over the previously reported value, enabling extrapolation to QS(Ol) = (2.93 ± 0.01) mm/s at 295 K. QS of pyroxene fit as a single doublet exhibits a temperature gradient of (−7.3 ± 2.3) × 10 − 4 mm/s/K.

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Zn, Co and Ni Substituted Manganese Ferrite Powders by Sol-gel Method

The Zn, Co and Ni substituted manganese ferrite powders, <TEX>$Mn_{1-x}$</TEX>(Zn, Co, Ni)<TEX>$_xFe_2O_4$</TEX>, were fabricated by the solgel method, and their crystallographic and magnetic properties were studied. The Zn substituted manganese ferrite, <TEX>$Zn_{0.2}Mn_{0.8}Fe_2O_4$</TEX>, had a single spinel structure above <TEX>$400^{\circ}C$</TEX>, and the size of the particles of the ferrite powder increased when the annealing temperature was increased. Above <TEX>$500^{\circ}C$</TEX>, all the <TEX>$Mn_{1-x}$</TEX>(Zn, Co, Ni)<TEX>$_xFe_2O_4$</TEX> ferrite had a single spinel structure and the lattice constants decreased with an increasing substitution of Zn, Co, and Ni in <TEX>$Mn_{1-x}$</TEX>(Zn, Co, Ni)<TEX>$_xFe_2O_4$</TEX>. The Mossbauer spectra of <TEX>$Mn_{1-x}Zn_xFe_2O_4$</TEX> (0.0<TEX>$\leq$</TEX>x<TEX>$\leq$</TEX>0.4) could be fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the <TEX>$Fe^{3+}$</TEX> ions. For x = 0.6 and 0.8 they showed two Zeeman sextets and a single quadrupole doublet, which indicated they were ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic. And for x = 1.0 spectrum showed a doublet due to a paramagnetic phase. For the Co and Ni substituted manganese ferrite powders, all the Mossbauer spectra could be fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the <TEX>$Fe^{3+}$</TEX> ions. The variation of the Mossbauer parameters are also discussed with substituted Zn, Co and Ni ions. The increment of the saturation magnetization up to x = 0.6 in <TEX>$Mn_{1-x}Co_xFe_2O_4$</TEX> could be qualitatively explained using the site distribution and the spin magnetic moment of substituted ions. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the <TEX>$Mn_{1-x}$</TEX>(Zn, Co, Ni)<TEX>$_xFe_2O_4$</TEX> (x = 0.4) ferrite powders were also compared with pure <TEX>$MnFe_2O_4$</TEX>.

Properties of clinopyroxene LiFeGe2O6

The polycrystalline compound LiFeGe2O6 has been synthesized by the solid-phase reaction. The X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer, calorimetric, and magnetic investigations have been carried out. The Mossbauer spectrum at 300 K represents a single quadrupole doublet. The isomer shift with respect to the metal iron α-Fe is 0.40 mm/s, which is characteristic of the Fe3+ high-spin ion in the octahedral coordination. The quadrupole splitting of 0.42 mm/s indicates a distortion of the oxygen octahedron around the iron cation. The results of the measurement of the temperature dependence of the heat capacity in the range 2–300 K have shown the presence of the only anomaly with a maximum at T m ∼ 20.5 K, which indicates the occurrence of a magnetic phase transition in this point. The data of the measurement of the temperature dependence of the magnetization have confirmed that the magnetic order with the dominant antiferromagnetic interaction of magnetically active ions exists in LiFeGe2O6 at a temperature below 20.5 K. The investigation of the temperature dependence of the heat capacity in the magnetic field H up to 9 T has demonstrated that the external factor insignificantly changes the order-disorder transition point (at H = 9 T, there occurs a shift of ∼0.5 K toward the low-temperature range).

AEGIS: THE NATURE OF THE HOST GALAXIES OF LOW-IONIZATION OUTFLOWS ATz&lt; 0.6

We report on a S/N-limited search for low-ionization gas outflows in the spectra of the 0.11 < z < 0.54 objects in the EGS portion of the DEEP2 survey. Doppler shifts from the host galaxy redshifts are systematically searched for in the Na I 5890,96 doublet (Na D). Although the spectral resolution and S/N limit us to study the interstellar gas kinematics from fitting a single doublet component to each observed Na D profile, the typical outflow often seen in local luminous-infrared galaxies (LIRGs) should be detected at >~ 6 sigma in absorption equivalent width down to the survey limiting S/N (~ 5 per pixel) in the continuum around Na D. The detection rate of LIRG-like outflow clearly shows an increasing trend with star-forming activity and infrared luminosity. However, by virtue of not selecting our sample on star formation, we also find a majority of outflows in galaxies on the red sequence in the rest-frame (U-B, M_B) color-magnitude diagram. Most of these red-sequence outflows are of early-type morphology and show the sign of recent star formation in their UV-optical colors; some show enhanced Balmer H-beta absorption lines indicative of poststarburst as well as high dust extinction. These findings demonstrate that outflows outlive starbursts and suggest that galactic-scale outflows play a role in quenching star formation in the host galaxies on their way to the red sequence. The fate of relic winds, as well as the observational constraints on gaseous feedback models, may be studied in galaxies during their poststarburst phase. We also note the presence of inflow candidates in red, early-type galaxies, some with signs of AGNs/LINERs but little evidence for star formation.