Single Cylinder CI Engine Research Articles

Exergy and energy analysis of 4-stroke single cylinder CI engine using Pongamia-ethanol-butanol fuel blends

Depleting sources of fossil fuels and environmental issues like air pollution and harmful toxic emissions from the combustion of these fossil fuels have made the search for their potential substitutes essential. Biodiesel is found to be one such widely accepted viable option as seen from literature. In this work, Pongamia oil biodiesel, Bioethanol and Biobutanol have been selected for blending with diesel. The analysis of exergy and energy of varying proportions of Pongamia-Ethanol-Butanol blends and diesel as fuels for a 4-stroke, single-cylinder CI engine has been carried out. Further, based on the formed equations, a computer program has been written to obtain the final output characteristics. Four blends namely, D100 (neat diesel), P50E50 (50:50 Pongamia-Ethanol blend), P45E45Bu10 (45:45:10 Pongamia–Ethanol-Butanol blend), P40E40Bu20 (40:40:20 Pongamia-Ethanol-Butanol blend) have been considered for the analysis. P50E50 blend shows a significant decrease in heat loss due to exhaust gases, net energy loss, destructive availability, and increase in energy efficiency, exhaust availability, and available efficiency output characteristics as compared to neat diesel. Hence, it is concluded to be the best potential replacement for diesel fuel from all the considered blends.

Study of methane enrichment in a biogas fuelled HCCI engine

Biogas has been a promising alternative fuel for IC engines. However, its CO2 content reduces calorific value and ignitability. The CO2 fraction of raw biogas can be separated out by various techniques, which are collectively called methane enrichment. The present study explores the effect of methane enrichment on the output parameters of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. A single cylinder CI engine is altered for this purpose. Biogas (CH4 + CO2) is supplied along with air. Diethyl Ether (DEE) is used as the secondary fuel to initiate auto-ignition. The effects of injecting DEE at the inlet port and upstream in the intake manifold are also compared. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, equivalence ratio, HC, CO, CO2, NOx and smoke emissions, start and duration of combustion, in-cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate are compared for operation with raw biogas (50% methane) and methane enriched biogas (100% methane) for various biogas flow rates and engine torques. Results show that methane enrichment enhances brake thermal efficiency by up to 2% compared to raw biogas. Methane enrichment advances and speeds up combustion. HC, CO and CO2 emissions, maximum cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate are also improved with methane enrichment. Ultra-low NOx and smoke emissions can be obtained using raw biogas as well as methane enriched biogas. Low biogas flow rates provide better brake thermal efficiency and HC emissions. Manifold injection of DEE enhances brake thermal efficiency by up to 2% compared to port injection by virtue of greater mixture homogeneity.

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of various biodiesel blends

This experimentation explores the usage of three types of biodiesel consisting of palm, jatropha and cottonseed incorporated in a single-cylinder four-stroke CI engine to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion indices. The objective of this study is to prepare biodiesel blends of three types: (i) primary, (ii) binary and (iii) ternary, and investigate their behaviors to identify the optimal blends that produce the lowest emissions and adequate performance with no significant engine modifications. Experimental investigations carried out in this study indicate that by increasing biodiesel quantity in the blend, a rise in brake thermal efficiency and a marginal increase in brake specific fuel consumption were deduced. P30 blend was superior among the biodiesel blends, showing a maximum thermal efficiency of 36.83%. Biodiesel blends were reported to emit lower NOx emissions at higher loads and increased NOx at low loads compared to diesel. Culminated values of NOx were shown by CS30 (601 ppm); similarly, binary blend PJ30 showed a curtailed amount of NOx (497 ppm) at 20 N-m loading. Lower emissions of unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide are noticed for biodiesel blends with values lying in a range of 35–40 ppm and 0.04%, respectively, while the smoke emissions escalated for biodiesel blends reaching up to 76% for PJCS20. Among combustion indices, biodiesels showed lower heat release rate (HRR) and lower maximum pressure than diesel and increasing blend ratio resulted in lower HRR and higher pressure. P10 blend was observed to be providing better performance and emissions (lowered HC and CO) compared to all other blends.

Comparative study using RSM and ANN modelling for performance-emission prediction of CI engine fuelled with bio-diesohol blends: A fuzzy optimization approach

This present investigation focuses on prediction of engine responses of a single cylinder CI engine powered by bio-diesohol (diesel-palm biodiesel-ethanol) blends using RSM (response surface methodology) and ANN (artificial neural network) model. RSM combined with multi-level general full factorial design (FFD) is used for the prediction of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSEC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The engine experimental data is trained in ANN model using Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation training algorithm with logistic-sigmoid activation function. Different statistical measures are calculated to quantify the errors and correlations of the predicted models. Comparatively lower prediction error and higher correlation have been observed from the ANN model compared to RSM. The range of overall mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient are found (0.0003–0.00059) & (0.99403–0.998) and (0.00019–0.00035) & (0.99943–0.99971) from RSM and ANN model respectively. The range of overall mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) from ANN model (3.13–4.55%) is found lower compared to RSM model (3.97–6.6%). Thereafter, RSM and ANN predicted responses are introduced in fuzzy logic system for the optimization of engine operating parameters. At 100% load, the D75B20E5 (75% diesel + 20% palm biodiesel + 5% ethanol) blend has been found best for the optimization of BTE, BSEC and NOx emission. Finally, after the confirmation test, it has been revealed that the performance of D75B20E5 blend is as comparable to diesel.

WITHDRAWN: Experimental investigation of ethanol blended diesel fuel in single cylinder CI engine

Abstract Ethanol is one among the many available bio-fuel, which is made off natural fermentation of sugar or by products of petrochemicals is widely used as blend with fossil fuels in automotive and power generator engines. Ethanol is having energy of 21.2 MJ/L when compared to diesel and petrol 38.6 MJ/L and 45 MJ/L respectively. Ethanol contains 34% higher oxygen by weight and makes it as a low-cost oxygenator which in turn makes it as valuable player in fuel combustion and emission reduction. The present research work investigates durability and corrosion of a single cylinder compression ignition engine which uses ethanol blend with diesel in 20–80 ratio respectively and named as B20. It is mechanically durable for longer term when compare to the existing Diesel alone model. The present work also explored lubricant quality along with engine performance. A total of eight tests at 12.5 h of running per test at normal speed were carried out and the results showed engine performance remained at the same level for both blended and diesel only fuels, but lubricant was consequently diluted and contaminated due to the blending of Ethanol, these effects are measured in the form of components wear and carbon deposition after the end of experiment (100 Hrs. of test run). Viscosity and contamination tests are used for identifying the presence of carbon and other elements. The wear rate and presence of contamination were increased after each test run, Iron (Fe) presence in wear test showed an increase of 7% per test and sulphate (SO4-2) increased 8.7% per test in contamination. The investigation showed the effectiveness of B20 as a substitute for diesel and provides an interesting research space for refining itself.

AI-Based Prognostic Modeling and Performance Optimization of CI Engine Using Biodiesel-Diesel Blends

This article describes aspects of the development of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prognostic modeling and performance optimization of a single-cylinder CI engine powered by biodiesel-diesel blends. It is a tool based on gene expression programming (GEP) followed by response surface methodology (RSM). RSM is employed to establish an explicit mathematical relationship between input and outputs. A database of experimental data on a computerized engine test bench was collected for model development and its testing. The prognostic ability of the GEP model was verified by error analysis, where the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) varied marginally within the range of 0.979 ± 0.020 and 2.15 ± 0.25, respectively. The model captures adequate trends. Optimum input conditions of engine load, biodiesel-diesel blending ratio, fuel injection pressure, and fuel injection timing are observed to be 60.49 %, 14.32 %, 231.35 bar, and 23.7° bTDC, respectively, while optimized results of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and peak in-cylinder pressure (P max ) are found to be 24.28 %, 0.3135 kg/kWh, and 58.95 bar, respectively. GEP approach followed by RSM is observed to be a robust tool. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.13090127.2021.11.2.19.8

Influence of liquid additives on waste cooking oil biodiesel-isopropanol blend operated in CI engine

Abstract Liquid additives are influencing the performance and emission characteristics of an engine. In this work, a high-performance fluid blend with the constitutes as 60% Diesel + 20%Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel + 20% Propanol is prepared. Liquid additives namely Ethylene diamine (EDA), Diethyl ether (DEE) are added as additives to the blend in a proportion of 4% and 6% respectively. Total five blends were prepared for testing and their properties were measured according to ASTM Standards. The experiment is conducted on four stroke single cylinder CI engine. From the results, it can be revealed that the prepared blend without liquid additives showing better performance along with 6% of DEE blended fuel. Both these blends show lesser NOx emissions also. Ethylene diamine blended fuel shows reduced carbon emissions.

Combustion investigation of waste cooking oil (WCO) with varying compression ratio in a single cylinder CI engine

Biodiesel is a popular alternative fuel of mineral diesel which is normally produced by using straight vegetable oils (SVO). Since the conversion of edible oils into biodiesel may affect its supply/availability as a food item, it is desirable to use non-edible oils for biodiesel production for a long time. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one such non-edible oil, however superior in quality for biodiesel production through transesterification. The current study is mainly focused on the utilization of WCO as an alternative for mineral diesel in a typical agricultural compression ignition four stroke water-cooled engine. Effect of higher compression ratio (CR20) on various combustion and performance parameters such as in-cylinder pressure (P-θ), heat release rate (HRR), peak pressure (Pmax), maximum pressure rise rate (dP/dθ)max, combustion duration, combustion phasing etc. were investigated for WCO biodiesel and compared with mineral diesel. These experiments were performed for five different loading conditions (No load to full load) at 1500 rpm. Increase in compression ratio (CR) from 18 to 20 resulted in lower ignition delay for higher engine load condition which reduced by 6 CAD. Full load engine operation resulted in 32% brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for WCO biodiesel which was 18% higher than diesel. Peak in-cylinder pressures (Pmax) were observed similar for diesel and WCO biodiesel for same operating conditions except full load condition where it showed lower Pmax value. WCO biodiesel turned out to be more efficient with 6% lower BSFC for the full load operating conditions (CR20).

Effects of butanol blending ratio in biogas-biodiesel dual fuel engine

By the rise in population, the usage of non-renewable fuels is increasing. It led to the depletion of fossil fuels and other environmental issues. Reducing the usage of fossil fuel, enhancing performance and reducing emissions are the key areas in this research. In this experiment, a conventional single cylinder CI engine is used in dual fuel mode. In dual fuel mode, biogas is used as primary fuel and biodiesel (Palm oil) with various butanol blending ratios (10%, 20% and 30%) is used as pilot fuel. Various properties like flash and fire point, cloud and pour point, viscosity, density, calorific values are measured. Biogas flow rate and applied load are varied for each blending ratio. The effects of load, butanol blending ratio and biogas flow rate on BTE, BSFC, HC, CO and NOx emissions are analyzed and compared with diesel-only mode. Biodiesel with 30% butanol blend in dual fuel mode shows better brake thermal efficiency at 12 lpm flow rates. All test cases prove 12 lpm is better than 16 lpm biogas flow rates. Increase in biogas flow rate reduces NOx emissions. However, it increases HC and CO emissions. And this investigation proposes to intervene in the dual fuel biogas-biodiesel engine at 12 lpm biogas rate of flow.

Evaluating performance and emissions of a CI engine fueled with n-octanol/diesel and n-butanol/diesel blends under different injection strategies

Considering climate change and energy crisis, the high-carbon alcohol has become a popular substitute fuel for diesel engines. In this study, diesel (D100), n-octanol/diesel (D50O50), and n-butanol/diesel (D50B50) blends were tested in a single-cylinder CI engine to evaluate the effects of n-octanol and n-butanol on the engine combustion characteristics, performance, and emissions formation. During the testing, the engine was operated at two engine loads (30% and 50%) with two injection pressures (40 and 60 MPa) at 1200 rpm. Both single injection and split injection strategies were used. Experimental results suggest that D50O50 and D50B50could result in serious knocking combustion under certain conditions with the single injection strategy. In contrast, the split injection strategy can lower the peak pressure and peak heat release rate, and consequently mitigating the knocking tendency for D50O50 and D50B50. Besides, noticeable two-stage combustion was observed for D100 and D50O50 due to the NTC behavior of diesel and n-octanol. Generally, because of the lower fuel reactivity of n-octanol and n-butanol, the ignition delay periods of D50O50 and D50B50 were significantly extended with the single injection; however, the difference in ignition delay was not evident with split injection strategy. Moreover, D50O50 can exhibit the highest thermal efficiency with proper injection pressure, and combustion phasing, etc. NOx and black carbon can be simultaneously reduced by D50O50 with split injection at an injection pressure of 60 MPa. Nevertheless, adding n-octanol and n-butanol increased the HC emissions due to their lower fuel reactivity at all tested conditions.

Investigation on the effect of intake air pressure in a biogas-diesel fueled dual-fuel engine

ABSTRACT Using biogas in IC engines takes a toll on the engine performance due to low volumetric efficiency of the dual-fuel mode and low energy density of biogas, however, some engine modifications can be employed to compensate for this loss in performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of intake air pressure on the engine characteristics of a dual-fuel engine running on biogas and diesel. A single-cylinder four-stroke CI engine is used in dual-fuel mode to perform the tests at different biogas flow rates and different engine loads. A single-stage reciprocating compressor is used to serve as a supercharger to provide air at different pressures to the intake manifold. The results show that the brake thermal efficiency improves by around 2%, and the brake specific energy consumption reduces by 1–4.5% on increasing the intake air pressure. The HC and CO emissions are observed to decrease by around 12% and 15%, respectively. However, very high intake pressures are shown to have less improvement in the HC emissions. There is an increase in the NOx emissions of around 35% with the increase in intake air pressure, however, high air pressures reduce this increase by an amount of around 7%.

Parametric Optimization of Brake Power and Specific Fuel Consumption on A Single Cylinder VCR Engine By Taguchi Method Using Jatropha Biodiesel Derived From Jatropha Curcas Oil Conducting Experiments As Per IS 10000 Approach

The main purpose of this research work is to evaluate the predicted values for the corrected Brake power (BP) and corrected specific fuel consumption (SFC) of single cylinder VCR diesel engine operated on diesel and jatropha biodiesel blend (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) derived from jatropha curcas oil. Current research work concentrates on the performance parameters of engine 4 stroke single cylinder CI engine, carried out using ISO 10000 approach in which the brake power and specific fuel consumption are corrected via correction factors “α‟ & “β‟ respectively. Also examine combined effect of brake power at various blends and loads in order to find out optimal performance of CI engine by conducting experiments as per IS 10000 method. The experimental work will be used to find out load and blend ratio for optimal brake power and lower specific fuel consumption by using Taguchi’s approach using Minitab software. A set of experiments have been performed as suggested by the software. Engine variable such as loads and blend ratio (Diesel + % JBD) are the most significant variables for brake power at specific fuel consumptions. After experiments, it is reported that the optimized parameters for corrected BP (2.95 KW) are at 100% blend and 10 kg of engine load, and optimized parameter for corrected SFC (0.26 kg/KWh) are at 0% blend and 10 kg engine.

Effect of advanced intake valve closing on the thermo-chemical characteristics of the homogeneous combustion in a DME fueled HCCI engine

This numerical study was performed to analyze the thermo-chemical characteristics of homogeneous combustion on the effect of advanced intake valve closing timing in a DME fueled HCCI engine. To achieve this, the engine simulation was performed using the detailed chemical kinetic mechanism, including 453 reactions for dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), and the modified NOX mechanism was applied to analyze the NOX reaction pathway of the DME combustion. The experimental study was performed to validate the engine analysis using a single cylinder CI engine with the injection timing of BTDC 40 degree and IVC timing of BTDC 128 degree. The injection quantity and pressure were set to 8 mg and 50 MPa at 1500 RPM, respectively. The results of engine performance such as cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, heat release rate, and IMEP were decreased and the ISFC and ignition delay were increased when the IVC timing was advanced since the overall rates of a chemical reaction and the reaction rate of OH radicals are reduced. Especially, the reduction of CH2OCH2O2H radicals was a very important factor it affects the ignition delay in the low temperature reaction. Consequently, it influences the LTC and HTC reactions and makes a difference in the fuel oxidation rate and combustion reaction. Furthermore, the OH radicals also had the greatest effect to the CO oxidation and NOX production. The CO and NOX emissions were primarily occurred by the forward reactions of HCO + O2 → CO + HO2 and HO2 + NO → NO2 + OH during the combustion period, respectively. The chemical reactivity and CO oxidation reaction were reduced as the fuel mass fraction increased in the low combustion temperature. In addition, the reaction path of NOX emission related to the thermal NOX reaction did not occur due to the low combustion temperature. Thus, the thermo-chemical characteristics of the DME homogeneous combustion of this work suggest that the chemical reaction of fuel oxidation and exhaust emissions are limited as the effect of chemical oxidation rate, reaction rate, and the OH radical depending on the IVC timing changes.

Experimental Interpretation of Compression Ignition In-Cylinder Flow Structures

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Understanding and predicting in-cylinder flow structures that occur within compression-ignition engines is vital if further optimisation of combustion systems is to be achieved. To enable this prediction, fully validated computational models of the complex turbulent flow-fields generated during the intake and compression process are needed. However, generating, analysing and interpreting experimental data to achieve this validation remains a complex challenge due to the variability that occurs from cycle to cycle. The flow-velocity data gathered in this study, obtained from a single-cylinder CI engine with optical access using high-speed PIV, demonstrates that significantly different structures are generated over different cycles, resulting in the mean flow failing to adequately reflect the typical flow produced in-cylinder. Additionally, this high level of variability is shown by the work to impact the assessment of turbulence throughout the cycle, influencing the values often used to validate mathematical models. The original work in this paper analyses experimental PIV data from the single cylinder engine, to characterise the differences between individual cycles’ bulk flow structures and the resultant turbulent fields. The analysis approach presented uses proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and spatial filtering to interpret the progression of the flow structures and energy throughout compression, giving an understanding of the actual flow structures that are most likely to be produced in the engine. This analysis of the data provides a meaningful understanding of the nature of the bulk flow variations and how the turbulent field develops over a given cycle, from the intake stroke to the end of compression.</div></div>

Emission Characteristics of Single Cylinder CI Engine for Varying Nozzle Depth at Different Spray Angles

The present research is about the reduction of harmful gases from the exhaust of a diesel fuel operated diesel engine. A kirloskar single cylinder diesel engine (model –TV-1) is selected for the numerical simulation using commercially available software AVL FIRE. The operating and boundary condition of single cylinder diesel engine is referenced in the published articles. The hemispherical bowl piston geometry is generated and meshed in the software the research is further processed with the selection of three different spray angles like 120o , 140o , and 160o . Whereas 120 spray angle is the standard spray angle. Additionally to analyzed the effect of nozzle depth on the emission, combustion and performance parameters four nozzle depth values are also included in the research. The four nozzle depths are 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm and 2mm. whereas 1mm nozzle depth is standard nozzle depth. All four nozzle depths are examined under 120o , 140o , and 160o spray angle. The need of petroleum fuels is increasing everyday despite of their speculation regarding the depletion of petroleum fuels. The petroleum fuels are categorized as suspicious element for human being due to its well known major harmful effects on the environment. The concern is that the need of petroleum fuel is increasing simultaneously with its price in the market. The researchers around the world are focusing either on the reduction of harmful effects which produced from the petroleum fuel or finding another a batter substitute of the petroleum fuel.

Combustion analysis of single-cylinder CI engine fueled with S. Marginatum Macro algae biofuel - diesel blends

The current investigation of the work managed the overall performance attributes of a CI engine dealing with S. Marginatum macroalgae biodiesel diesel blends. The physical and chemical features of biodiesel diesel blends had been powered and compared to ASTM D6751. These types of mixes had been used for the testing on diesel engine at the different load that's low high and part load in a fixed rotational of 1500 rpm. It had been observed that biodiesel B20 blend perform more effective combustion at high load as well as part load in comparison of lower load condition.

Characteristics of 4-Stroke Single Cylinder Ci Engine using Cotton Seed Oil Blended With Diesel

In four different compositions a cotton oil methyl ester is prepared and combine with diesel, ranging from 5% to 20% in 5% stages Tests were performed at a constant speed of 1500 rpm in a single cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine. The highest thermal brake output and the lowest specific fuel consumption was observed for a compression ratio of 15 and 17 percent of the biodiesel blend. At a compression ratio of 17, the average emission of nitric oxide was 205 ppm and the total emission of diesel was 155 ppm. Significant decrease in emissions of smoke and carbon monoxide was observed in the maximum load range and compression ratio. For the prepared biodiesels, enhanced heat release characteristics have been noted. The results show that the biodiesels can be safely utilized without any modification of engine ..

Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single cylinder CI engine running on diesel-biodiesel-water emulsion with additive

ABSTRACT The various researches on biodiesel and its blends as a fuel in a CI engine resulted in higher NOx emissions compared to diesel operation. The main objective of this study is to overcome the negative aspect of significant NOx emission than HC and CO emissions in the biodiesel blended fuel by the addition of water. The water emulsion has been used in diesel engine combustion for a long time showed encouraging results, but the point of efficiency and NOx trade-off, which is a highly challenging task for diesel engines. The objective of this study was achieved through the new blend consists of diesel- biodiesel blend (80:20 by volume), water (5% by volume), span-80 surfactant (1% by volume) and Cetane enhancing additive of Di-tertiary butyl peroxide (0.5% by volume). The chosen blend was tried in this study is unexplored. The new blend is designated as B3. Neem oil biodiesel was prepared through transesterification process. This study is to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine running on B3 fuel. The results of B3 fuel were compared with diesel (D), diesel-biodiesel blend (B1) and diesel-biodiesel with water emulsion through surfactant (B2). The conclusion reveals that B3 fuel has shown better performance intern of 17% decrease in specific energy consumption and reduction in HC and CO emissions especially NOx emission was reduced up to 29% and 45% than diesel fuel and B1 fuel respectively.

Prediction of homogeneous combustion by modification of the fuel combustion mechanism in a DME fueled CI engine

This study was performed to predict numerically the homogeneous combustion characteristics where the fuel combustion mechanism was modified in a DME fueled CI engine. To achieve this, detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms were used for the prediction of homogeneous combustion of hydrocarbon fuels (diesel and DME). The results were compared in terms of cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and CO and NOX emissions. Calculations were performed using the detailed chemical kinetic mechanism, including 671 species and 2933 reactions for n-heptane (n-C7H16) and 96 species and 453 reactions for dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3). In addition, a modified NOX mechanism was added to investigate the accumulated results of NOX production. The engine experiments were conducted using a single cylinder CI engine with a common-rail injection system. The fuel injection quantity was set to 8 mg, and the injection pressure was maintained at 50 MPa at 1500 RPM. In this study, DME and diesel fuels were injected for inducing the homogeneous combustion at BTDC 60 and BTDC 40 degree. The modified mechanism hardly affected the overall chemical reactions, which was almost identical in comparison to the results of the conventional mechanism. In addition, the ignition delay was slightly faster in the calculation of the n-heptane mechanism because it showed that a high reaction rate was involved in the fuel oxidation and reaction of the NTC region. The combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of the homogeneous combustion simulation were in good agreement with the engine experimental results at BTDC 60 degree of injection timing, but the CO emission was over predicted when the n-heptane mechanism was employed in the DME combustion simulation. The chemical reactions of the DME combustion process were dominated by the forward reaction, which were CH3OCH3+O→CH3OCH2+OH and CH3OCH3+OH→CH3OCH2+H2O reactions. Furthermore, this study confirmed that an increase of OH radicals promotes the fuel oxidation reaction, and it can influence the combustion temperature, which also affected the processes of NOX production and CO oxidation reactions.

Emission study on the outcome of DMC on neem bio-diesel-ignited diesel engine

ABSTRACT This work aims to reduce the emissions of neem biodiesel in a single-cylinder CI engine. Ignition enhancement by blending di-methyl carbonate (DMC) at 5% to 10% (volumetric basis) with neem biodiesel is tested at different conditions at ambient conditions. DMC is blended at 5% and 10% on volume basis to neem biodiesel (BD100) and represented as DMC5BD95 and DMC10BD90. The complete emissions results were compared with diesel. Study revealed that the HC emissions from BD100, DMC5BD95, and DMC10BD90 are 7.3%, 8.1%, and 12.5% lower than diesel. Further, NO emissions from BD100, DMC5BD95, and DMC10BD90 are 9.81%, 8.43%, and 6.43% higher than diesel. However, upon adding DMC in DMC/BD blends result in better combustion and lower NO emission. Adding DMC (5-10%) to BD100 reduces the CO emissions by 4.1–12.7%. Additionally, the presence of DMC in DMC/BD blends produces an oxygen entertainment during combustion which lowers smoke opacity by 2.1–6.8%.