Single Concept Research Articles

МЕТОД ФОРМАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЦЕСУ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ РІШЕННЯ ЩОДО ЗАПОБІГАННЯ НЕБЕЗПЕЧНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ В СИСТЕМІ E-NAVIGATION

The study aims to improve the safety of ship traffic by improving the methods of formalizing the decision-making process for preventing dangerous situations in a single e-navigation concept. The goal is achieved by a clear statement of the problem and the choice of appropriate approaches to its solution. The main stages of the decision-making cycle performed by the navigator in collision prevention are analysed. Particular attention is paid to the operations performed at the decisionmaking stage on the further movement of the vessel. The ship's movement plan is described by models of elementary behaviour, each of which consists of elementary actions represented by a set of fuzzy logic rules for performing a certain subtask. The structure of a system that implements the behavioural approach to decision-making by a navigator is proposed. Emphasis is placed on the need to coordinate vessels when deciding to plan a route based on models of elementary behaviours, and a method for coordinating the planning of the vessel's trajectory is developed. The sequence of stages of the method for coordinating the planning of the ship's trajectory is performed cyclically until the target point of the route is reached. At each stage of the vessel's movement, the navigation obstacles and other vessels entering the area of interest of the navigator are monitored and potential hazards from them are identified. A method for tracing the vessel's movement and existing vessels in the navigator’s interest area has been developed, which allows for predicting the location at subsequent moments and identifying the coordinates of the conflict site where a situation of dangerous proximity occurs. To formalize the areas dangerous for vessel traffic, a method for generating a map of navigational hazards and conflict situations in the navigator’s interest area has been developed, based on a modified method of potential fields. To formally describe the space, only the concept of a potential function is used to represent the space as a matrix of values. The most significant scientific result is the proposed approach to solving the problem of supporting the decision-making of a navigator based on a combination of methods using fuzzy logic and allowed domains, which allows obtaining options for actions that ensure the safety of ship movement in a dangerous situation. Keywords: ship, navigator, collision, navigation situation, navigation systems, e-navigation, tracing method, navigation hazard, navigation hazard map

Death as the Cessation of an Organism and the Moral Status Alternative.

The mainstream concept of death-the biological one-identifies death with the cessation of an organism. In this article, I challenge the mainstream position, showing that there is no single well-established concept of an organism and no universal concept of death in biological terms. Moreover, some of the biological views on death, if applied in the context of bedside decisions, might imply unacceptable consequences. I argue the moral concept of death-one similar to that of Robert Veatch-overcomes such difficulties. The moral view identifies death with the irreversible cessation of a patient's moral status, that is, a state when she can no longer be harmed or wronged. The death of a patient takes place when she is no longer capable of regaining her consciousness. In this regard, the proposal elaborated herein resembles that of Veatch yet differs from Veatch's original project since it is universal. In essence, it is applicable in the case of other living beings such as animals and plants, provided that they have some moral status.

Review of the Genesis of Plant Pathology and Its Relation to the Phytiatry as a Necessary Element in the Sustainable Development of Agronomy

The origin of plant pathology as a scientific discipline can be traced back to botany in the 18th century. In the following century, with the contributions of De Bary and Kühn, this discipline was able to identify the causes of diseases, learn about their development, and propose therapeutic measures, which is why these two researchers are considered to be the fathers of plant pathology. This account of its genesis is the one that appears in the histories currently published about it, but the discoveries of other authors who participated in its origin, whose work had not been taken into account, modify their knowledge. Among these authors are De Candolle and Blanco Fernández. The establishment of plant pathology, with a generalist, multidisciplinary, and integrative sense, as an academic discipline in the nineteenth century, disappeared together with some of the historical figures responsible for it, when other disciplines were born from it, and yet it is coincident with the current concept of phytiatry of the twenty-first century. The power to re-establish the characters and facts responsible for this historical moment allows us to review the current concept of phytiatry so that it fits with the greatest possible precision as a necessary tool for the sustainable development of agronomy as well as food security and is established as an indispensable part of a single global health concept.

Education of the Health Culture for Future Teacher's Personality

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the process of educating the health culture of a future teacher.
 Methodology. Among the theoretical research methods, the main ones were: conceptual and comparative analysis (study of pedagogical, philosophical and psychological literature, textbooks on the research topic); structural-system analysis (theoretical analysis of problems, modeling of the studied systems, comparative, comparative and retrospective analyzes, diagnostics and forecasting of initial approaches and research consequences).
 Results. The research model helps to improve the process of educating a future teacher's personality in terms of creating a health-preserving environment of higher education, is able apply to creatively acquired health-preserving knowledge, skills and abilities in practice as well as to find, process, analyze, use information independently, think nonlinearly, use modern content in future teacher's activities, methods of education, technologies, pedagogical techniques, acquire the necessary personal qualities, self-change and strive for continuous self-improvement.
 Conclusions. The education of a health culture for a future teacher’s personality is a purposeful, structures and managed system of ideas and principles, indicators, levels, criteria, guidelines and recommendations, as well as certain organizational and pedagogical conditions and tools, united by a single concept; it is aimed at individual creative development of a future specialist's personality in the structure of multilevel pedagogical education.

Semantic relations in the terminology field of marine engineering. Polysemy

The present article aims at analysing the cases of terminological polysemy in the field of marine engineering both in the English and the Bulgarian terminological systems. Although it has generally been assumed that a single term should correspond to a single concept, so that a clear and unambiguous communication is ensured, the research results prove that in practice this is far from being the case. The instances analysed are excerpted from corpus materials consisting of specialized and general language dictionaries as well as specialized scientific texts intended for students and professionals in the field. The comparative study results show that in both languages polysemantic terms can arise as a result of their interaction with words belonging to the general language or they can be motivated by a metonymic or metaphoric transfer within the given specialized language. A broad-based theoretical background has been presented and instantiations of all these types of polysemantic terms as well as their explanations have also been included in order to reveal a detailed account on the particularities of terminological polysemy in the field of marine engineering.

On the Issue of Evaluative Concepts in Criminal Law

Cruelty as a legal concept has legal significance in the context of several topics of criminal law (both General and Special parts). Autonomous and asystemic tendencies have formed in the law, in law enforcement, in doctrine in defining and disclosing the content of this single concept; there is not only terminological dissonance, but even methodological inconsistency in the interpretation and understanding of this term. Based on the systematic application of knowledge from philosophy, psychology, psychiatry, biochemistry, a comprehensive definition of the concept of cruelty is offered to the attention of readers.

Terminological synonymy in Western studies - Examples of concepts related to the lexical definition

Languages importing science and technology suffer from the multiplicity of terms for a single concept, but what about languages that export science? In this article, we try to trace some terms of lexicographic definition in a sample of Western studies to show some manifestations of terminological multiplicity, while trying to guess the reasons. To show that terminological synonymy is not a deficiency that characterizes some languages rather than others, but it is a general phenomenon, even if the reasons that lead to it are different: the extension of the meaning, adoption of a specific approach, or the lack of familiarity with previous studies are among the factors that have contributed to the phenomenon of terminological synonymy in Western studies

Scientific Information Literacy: Adaption of Concepts and an Investigation Into the Chinese Public

Many studies have developed the concepts and measurements of scientific and information literacy. However, the changes in the media environment, the complexity of scientific information, and low entry barriers have brought new challenges to scientific information communication. A single scientific or information literacy concept cannot provide a clear overview of the competencies and literacy required for individuals to access scientific information in new media contexts. This study aims to adapt the existing concepts and measurement frameworks related to information literacy in science communication and to investigate scientific information literacy and the demographic differences among the Chinese public through a cross-sectional survey (<em>N</em> = 2,983). The results showed that compared to self-directed information acquisition, accurate information filtering, and information sharing and dissemination, the Chinese public has relatively lower levels of information credibility assessment and opinion expression. Besides, the scientific literacy levels among the Chinese public had significant differences according to gender, age, and education. This study argues that adapting current information literacy concepts into science communication can promote public understanding of scientific information. The concept of scientific information literacy should be considered as a means of understanding the impact of new media on scientific information communication. The contribution of this study is that it adapts existing concepts into a novel context, further enriching the empirical research on scientific literacy and the research perspective on science communication.

Servant Leadership Model: Studi Kasus pada Dinas Kependudukan Provinsi Jawa Timur

This study aims to analyze and describe the servant leadership model that is applied in the work environment of the East Java Provincial Population Service. A qualitative case study design was chosen for this study. The reason for considering case studies is that servant leadership is a single concept to be explored as a process. Three types of qualitative data collection were carried out: in-depth interviews, open interviews, direct observation, and written documents. Based on the results described above, it can be concluded that the servant leadership that is applied to East Java dispenduk refers to the concept of Spears (2004) which adheres to 10 principles of leadership namely, 1) community building, (2) persuasion and (3) stewardship, (4) ) listening, (5) empathy, (6) healing, (7) awareness, (8) commitment to the growth of people, (9) foresight and (10) conceptualization. Servant leadership illustrates the belief that organizational goals will be achieved in the long term only by first facilitating the growth, development, and general well-being of the individuals who make up the organization. Therefore, servant leadership is a leadership style that must be embraced by today's organizations to increase employee loyalty, commitment, and performance.

Constitutional foundations of cross-border digital healthcare

The purpose of the research is to look at the issues of legal regulation of information healthcare, consider the positive experience of international legal regulation to overcome legal gaps in digital healthcare, improve the quality of life of the population and the systemic functioning of information biomedicine based on the principles of mutually beneficial cooperation between Russia and foreign countries. It examines the historical aspects and modern trends of cross-border digital healthcare in accordance with international standards, positive and negative consequences of the information biomedicine impact on basic constitutional human rights and freedoms. The research analyzes national and international legislation, the main directions of constitutional regulation of digital biomedicine and proposes to create an effective mechanism for implementing national legislation on digital healthcare, based on the positive experience of international legal regulation and protection of basic constitutional human rights in order to prevent the use of ethically unacceptable methods. The following scientific methods have been applied in the research: theoretical, historical, empirical, classification and comparative legal analysis. The study identified the urgent need for holistic approach to transnational digital healthcare, characterized by integration of law and biomedicine, and constitutional regulation of the biomedical research approbation. It is worth mentioning that the practical research activities of medical professionals and lawyers are interrelated and require constant interaction and analysis of biomedical results and their legal justification. Therefore, the function of law is to regulate the limits of human intervention in information biotechnologies, identify and exclude all possible risks of approbation of scientific research and their results in the sphere of digital healthcare. The author believes that development of information biomedicine involves interplay of various spheres of knowledge based on scientific synergy of medical, legal, and ethical aspects, integration of interrelated legal and non-legal sciences. Given the importance of integrating the constitutional foundations of cross-border digital healthcare, the author proposes to create a single extraterritorial Concept of Transnational eHealth. It is essential to consider international experience in order to ensure proper protection of human rights in the sphere of information healthcare.

Restoration of administrative justice in the French occupation zone of Germany and the western sectors of Berlin after 1945: historical and legal aspects

The article is devoted to the problem of restoring administrative justice in the French occupation zone of Germany and the western sectors of Berlin after 1945. In each of the four occupation zones, this process took place with its own characteristics. But in each case, the restoration of administrative justice in various occupation zones was facilitated by previous historical and legal experience. Even before the Weimar period, administrative courts actually existed in most of the lands of the German Reich, but administrative legal protection at that time was not guided by any single concept, but rather offered a mixed system of administrative justice. The subject of disputes was the problem of subordinating administrative justice to the current administration or the courts. Depending on the solution of this problem, the administrative justice of each of the lands showed certain features. On the basis of this experience, administrative justice was restored in the respective occupation zones of Germany after the seizure of power by the National Socialists on January 30, 1933 and their defeat in the Second World War.
 The French occupation zone was formed from parts of the American and British occupation zones, which included heterogeneous administrative units - the southern part of the former Prussian Rhineland, part of the Prussian province of Nassau, Rheinhessen, the Saar region, the former Bavarian Palatinate, Southern Baden, Southern Württemberg, Hohenzollern and of the Bavarian district of Lindau. The states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern were formed from them, and the Saar region, later Saarland, began to develop independently. The Bavarian district of Lindau, which rejoined Bavaria on September 1, 1955, was at that time autonomous and under the guardianship of Württemberg-Hohenzollern.
 The order of the General Administrator on the restoration of administrative justice in the French zone of July 23, 1946 provided for the restoration of the administrative courts of the states of Baden, Württemberg, Hesse-Pfalz and Rhineland-Hessen-Nassau. Regarding the composition of the courts, their jurisdiction and procedure, the provisions that were in force until January 30, 1935 were applied. In Saar, the creation of administrative courts was provided for by a separate order.

INNOVATION-ORIENTED STRATEGY FOR INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES

The development and implementation of an innovation-oriented strategy are essential for solving the problem of ensuring a consistently high competitive position of food industry enterprises. Taking this into account, they are faced with the need to choose the right strategy for increasing competitiveness, which should be based on using innovative and investment approaches to determine the development vector. The article aims to substantiate approaches to the choice of an innovation-oriented strategy for increasing the competitiveness of food industry enterprises. The research results obtained in the report are based on economic and systemic methods, methods of strategic analysis, and systematic and logical approaches. The article discusses approaches to developing and implementing an innovation-oriented strategy for increasing the competitiveness of food industry enterprises. The model of such a strategy, in general, should provide for the use of a systematic approach and hierarchical subordination of strategic goals, priorities, and objectives of the strategic plan. It has been substantiated that combining competitive and innovative aspects of development into a single concept provides for modifying basic strategies for a food company. The presence of a wide range of alternatives has been revealed, necessitating the development of systems that allow considering the formation of the strategy of food industry enterprises from two positions: the competitive position of the enterprise in the market and the level of development of its innovative potential. Based on the modification of the McKinsey / General Electric model, various combinations of the competitive position of food industry enterprises and their creative capabilities were obtained. The matrix method made it possible to identify alternative options for an innovation-oriented strategy for increasing competitiveness, depending on the positioning of individual subsectors for a different combination of these characteristics. The positions of individual subsectors of the food industry have been established to develop recommendations for choosing the optimal strategy option. Keywords: competitive potential, competitiveness, innovation potential, strategy, food industry enterprises.

Islamic Economy and Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis Using R

Using a literature review and bibliometric analysis, this research aims to analyse the relationship between the Islamic economy and sustainability. The study aimed to systematically document the intellectual structure, volume, tendencies of knowledge development, the author, and source impact. Using Microsoft Excel and R Studio, information is compiled from Scopus databases and analysed. We gathered a searchable database of the 76 most relevant papers from the last twenty-two years based on a vast amount of literature. Preliminary data suggests that between 2000 and 2022, there has been an increase in the number of works written on the Islamic economy. The bibliometric study using R identifies the subject’s most influential journals, authors, and papers. This study demonstrates that a new research topic can be derived by condensing the essential aspects of the Islamic economy and sustainability into a single concept, thereby opening up new research avenues in both the expansive field of the Islamic economy and the relatively new and hotly debated field of sustainability.

ПРЕДИКАТ«МОРАЛЬНОГОЗАКОНУ»ВДОКТРИНІПРАВЛЮДИНИ

The article explains the meaning of the "predicate of the moral law" construction and justifies theaccuracyofitsuseinthecontextofthehumanrightsdoctrine.Ithasbeeninvestigatedthattodayinthemoderndevelopedlegalsocietytherearenorationalwaystoagreeonwhatismoral.Inaddition,suchwaysarenotprovidedbecausethereis no single concept of establishing a clear hierarchy of moral requirements in the law, and modern trends in thetransformation of morality in society give rise to new theoretical constructs.

Optimalisasi Antrian Perawatan Mobil Ford Menggunakan Model Single Channel Single Phase (SCSP) (Studi Kasus Bengkel September Auto Service Bandar Lampung)

The September Auto Service (SAS) workshop has a problem, namely the process of queuing for ford car services and maintenance is done manually, so it has an impact on vehicles queuing, it is difficult to see the history of vehicles that have been repaired. In addition, providing information to customers can only be given orally, if there are customers who want to ask about the progress of vehicle repairs, they must be by telephone or come directly sometimes not always responded to because the customer population is so large and in making purchase reports, sales reports and service reports. the vehicle is still manually. Therefore, the SAS workshop should provide innovations to deal with these problems. In its development, the author uses the extreme programming method, as well as for the approach to making the system using an object-based programming paradigm, with a design using UML. a website-based queuing system can help overcome the difficulties of queuing and the vehicle repair/service process because of the application of the Single Channel Single Phase concept which plays a role when inspecting ford car vehicles, and this system can also manage the purchase and sale of ford car spare parts, assisting customers in monitoring the progress of repair work vehicles and provide faster and more accurate purchase, sales and service reports

Substance carve-out and function-risk analysis in the ATAD’s CFC rule as two sides of the same coin: Strengths and limits of a uniform concept of abuse

When the European Union lawmakers introduce two implementation options for a mandatory anti-abuse rule – as they have done under the controlled foreign company (CFC) rule of the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) – there is a real risk that these provisions will be attributed materially different abuse tests. This could call into question the assumption of a uniform EU concept of abuse materializing in the general principle of prohibition of abuse, and sow the seeds for additional forms of undesirable tax planning strategies. This article shows that the abuse tests of both implementation options of the ATAD’s CFC rule prescribe an identical abuse test and that beyond the limits of the harmonization effect, a single concept of abuse applies to all CFC situations as long as the scope of EU corporate tax law is affected. Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive, controlled foreign company rule, uniform concept of abuse

Association of sarcopenia with important health conditions among community-dwelling Asian women.

This study aimed to examine sarcopenia prevalence using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS) and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) definitions, and their associations with important health conditions affecting midlife Singaporean women. Muscle mass and function were objectively assessed in 1201 healthy community-dwelling subjects aged 45-69 years under the Integrated Women's Health Program (IWHP). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), handgrip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were measured, and the relationship between sarcopenia with hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), osteoporosis, depression/anxiety, and urinary incontinence were examined using binary logistic regression models. Sarcopenia prevalence was 18.0% and 7.7% by the AWGS and FNIH criteria respectively. Osteoporosis (aOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.94) and T2DM (aOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.42) was positively associated with AWGS- and FNIH-defined sarcopenia respectively, while hypertension was not, after adjustment for age, ethnicity, education levels and menopausal status. A negative percent agreement of 95.6% suggests good agreement between the criteria in the absence of sarcopenia. Even though they represent a single concept, sarcopenia by either criterion differed in their relationships with diabetes and osteoporosis, suggesting the need for further rationalization of diagnostic criteria.

Anti-slide pile structure development: New design concept and novel structure

The anti-slide pile is one of the most used measures in landslide control globally. Following its application, various structures have been developed. In this paper, we analyze the anti-slide pile structure development process and extract two development paths. One path is aimed at improving the applicability. The second path starts from an in-depth study of pile–soil interactions. However, these two paths share a single design concept: The anti-slide pile provides direct resistance to maintain landslide stability, that is, the anti-slide pile and the landslide body are thought to be confrontational sides. We here propose developing and utilizing the landslide body in anti-slide pile design. Accordingly, the confrontation relationship between the anti-slide pile and the landslide body can be changed while shifting away from the view that the landslide body is only a hazard. On this basis, we also design a novel structure: An arm-stretching-type anti-slide pile. The simulation verification results show that this novel structure works well in realizing the proposed design concept. Compared with the commonly used wholly buried pile, the safety factor of the landslide controlled by the novel structure is improved by 43.56%. This study promotes the design concept of anti-slide pile developing from the existing slide–resist single mode to the slide–self-stabilize–resist compound mode.

From politics for life to politics against life: “immunity” as modern logic of politics

ABSTRACT The concept of ‘immunity’ is the central notion in Roberto Esposito’s assessments of modern politics. Understanding modern politics from Esposito’s perspective is synonymous with understanding the concept of immunity. However, if one looks at modern political theory, one finds that a number of concepts such as social contract, state/sovereignty, person, property, and liberty stand out as central concepts rather than a single concept. This article argues that these concepts, which have different meanings, are part of one and the same logic, and that it is possible to conceptualise this logic around ‘immunity.’ For this reason, this article proposes, first, to consider the concept of ‘immunity’ as a concept that expresses the logic to which these concepts belong. Second, it argues that the concept of immunity allows us to see the continuity between modern politics and contemporary political tendencies. Based on this argument, the article claims that Esposito increases the explanatory power of Michel Foucault’s understanding of biopolitics, which is insufficient to explain the logic of the transition from life-protective to life-hostile activities in politics. The article concludes that ‘immunity’ provides a conceptual key to understanding the possibility of totalitarianism in biopolitical times from Nazism to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Controlling of the digital transformation oil and gas industry

The global challenges of the Russian oil and gas complex intensify the search for effective development directions both in the near and long term. One of these ways is digitalization. The development and implementation of digital technologies in technological processes and business processes helps to increase the competitiveness of oil and gas enterprises in the domestic and global energy markets. To increase the synergy effect and the rate of implementation of digital technologies, it is necessary to conduct development within a single concept and with optimal management of development and implementation processes within the entire oil and gas industry, and not locally for individual companies. The paper shows the features of digitalization of the oil and gas industry in Russia, analyzes the conditions for effective digital transformation, formulates the prospects for digital development of the oil and gas complex, taking into account breakthrough technologies, and develops a block diagram of a management system for the development and implementation of digital technologies.