Single Bond Universal Adhesive Research Articles

Impact of Resin Composite Viscosity and Fill-technique on Internal Gap in Class I Restorations: An OCT Evaluation.

The aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively evaluate the internal gap of resin composites of high-and low-viscosity used in single- and incremental-fill techniques in Class I cavities exposed to thermal cycling (TC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Cavities of 4-mm depth and 3-mm diameter were prepared in 36 third molars randomly distributed into four groups, according to viscosity of restorative resin-based composite (high or low viscosity, all from 3M Oral Care) and technique application (bulk or incremental fill) used (n=9): RC, high-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative); BF, high-viscosity, bulk-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek One Bulk Fill); LRC, lowviscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Flowable Universal Restorative); and LBF, low-viscosity, bulk-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Flowable Restorative). Single Bond Universal Adhesive system (3M Oral Care) was used in all the experimental groups. The incremental-fill technique was used for RC and LRC groups (2-mm increments), and a single-layer technique was used for BF and LBF groups, as recommended by the manufacturer. The internal adaptation of the resin at all dentin walls was evaluated before and after TC (5000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C) using OCT images. Five images of each restored tooth were obtained. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software that measured the entire length of the gaps at the dentin-restoration interface. The length of gaps (μm) was analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey tests (α=0.05). There was a significant interaction between material types and TC (p=0.006), and a significant difference among all material types (p<0.0001), before and after TC (p<0.0001). Increased internal gaps at the dentin-restoration interface were noticed after TC for all groups. RC presented the lowest value of internal gap before and after TC, while LBF showed the highest values of internal gap after TC. In conclusion, TC negatively affected the integrity of internal gap, whereas high-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite presented better performance in terms of internal adaptation than low-viscosity, bulk-fill materials in Class I cavities.

Comparing marginal microleakage in Class V cavities restored with flowable composite and Cention-N using confocal microscope-an in-vitro study.

Class V cavity presents a clinical challenge in the field of restorative dentistry as the margin placement is partially in enamel and partly in cementum, and the trouble associated with this design is the microleakage at the tooth restoration interface. To evaluate and compare marginal microleakage in Class V cavities when restored with flowable composite and Cention-N restorative material. This in-vitro study was performed on 30 human maxillary premolars, which were extracted for orthodontic reasons. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of each tooth. After application of seventh-generation bonding agent (3M ESPE, Single Bond Universal Adhesive), the teeth were divided into two groups of 15 each and restored with flowable composite (3M ESPE Filtek Z350 XT) and Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent) and were subjected to thermocycling. The teeth were then immersed in 0.1% Rhodamine B dye for 48 h. They were sectioned longitudinally into mesial and distal parts with the help of an isomet diamond saw. The sections were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's Chi-square test. The analysis showed statistically significant results among the groups. Cention-N showed lesser microleakage, which was statistically significant when compared to flowable composite (P = 0.005). Cention-N showed significantly lesser leakage and better adaptation than flowable composite.

Evaluation of bond strength of self-adhesive resin composite repairs

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the bond strength of repairs with the self-adhering flowable composite Vertise Flow (Kerr) and a conventional composite resin Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) subjected to different surface treatments. Methods: Forty specimens were divided into four groups: ZV (Filtek Z350 + Vertise Flow, without prior treatment); ZAV (Z350 + Vertise Flow with prior treatment with Single Bond Universal Adhesive System (3M ESPE)); ZAZ (Filtek Z350 + Filtek Z350 with prior treatment with Single Bond Universal Adhesive System (3M ESPE)); VV (Vertise Flow + Vertise Flow, without prior treatment). After 15 days of storage, the specimens were subjected to microtensile tests (Kratos IKCL3-USB, SP, Brazil), with speed of 0.5 mm/min and 20kg load. For statistical analysis, ANOVA with Tukey tests were used (p &lt; 5%). Results: The mean values of the bond strength were highest respectively in the groups: ZV (36.07 ± 37.63); ZAZ (24.04 ± 28.51); VV (19.39 ± 28.24) and ZAV (16.06 ± 15.66). The bond strength of the repairs between the groups presented satisfactory results. Conclusion: The self-adhesive composite resin Vertise Flow seems to be a viable and fast alternative for composite resins repairs.

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment enhances the effect of Alloy Primer on the bond strength between polymethyl methacrylate and stainless steels: application for retention of magnetic attachment to resin denture base

Magnetic attachment system is used to embed in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin denture base to improve denture stability. However, dislodgement of magnetic attachments from denture base is a major clinical problem. This study is to evaluate the bond strength between PMMA and stainless steel using metal primer and atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment. Stainless steel discs were treated with Single Bond Universal Adhesive; Palfique Universal Bond; Alloy Primer; heat treatment with Alloy Primer; and 10-s, 20-s, and 30-s APPJ treatment with Alloy Primer. The shear bond strength between PMMA and surface-treated stainless steel was measured using universal testing machine. The effects of N2 flow rate (60, 50, 40, 30 SLM), thermal cycling, and air quenching on shear bond strength were also investigated. The surface of each disc was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a goniometer. Finally, the temperature of plasma with various N2 flow rates was measured and the optical emission spectra of the plasma were measured using spectrometer. Alloy Primer produced the highest bond strength. APPJ treatment was effective at enhancing bond strength by cleaning the surface of contaminants. Moreover, APPJ treatment with air quenching increased surface O2-/OH- and Fe2O3/FeOOH ratios, reducing the negative influence of thermal cycling on bond strength. Alloy Primer with 20 s of APPJ treatment with a 50-SLM N2 flow rate and air quenching was the most effective at increasing bond strength.

An in vitro evaluation of microleakage of resin based composites bonded to chlorhexidine-pretreated dentin by different protocols of a universal adhesive system

PurposeThis study compared microleakage of different resin based composite (RBC) materials bonded to dentin, after chlorhexidine (CHX) application, by different adhesion protocols of a universal adhesive system. MethodsClass V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 40 premolar teeth. The “etch-and-rinse” technique of a universal bond adhesive system (Single Bond Universal Adhesive) was used on buccal preparations, while the “self-etch” protocol was used on the lingual surfaces. Two RBCs, one bulk fill (Filtek Bulk Fill [FBF]) and one conventional (Filtek Z350 XT [Z350XT]), were used. Teeth were divided into two groups of 20 teeth each, 10 per each RBC (n = 10): (1) control; and (2) pretreatment with 2% CHX. For FBF groups, teeth were restored with a single increment; however, for Z350XT, a layering technique was used. Teeth were aged by thermo-cycling and prepared for microleakage testing. Dye penetration was evaluated and scored from 0 to 4. Data were analyzed at a significance level of P < 0.05. ResultsThe highest microleakage mean scores were found in the control group of the etched margins for both RBCs (2.80 ± 1.033 FBF and 2.10 ± 1.370 Z350XT). The CHX-pretreated group showed significantly lower microleakage than the control for FBF only (P = 0.008). No significant difference was found between groups for the “self-etch” protocol (χ2 = 0.884, P = 0.08). No significant differences were found between FBF and Z350XT in all study groups (P > 0.2). ConclusionsWhen the “self-etch” protocol of the universal adhesive system was used, dentin microleakage was not affected by CHX-pretreatment when teeth were restored with bulk fill or conventional RBCs. In the “etch-and-rinse” protocol, CHX application improved the marginal seal before restoration with bulk fill material. However, in the absence of CHX, the “etch-and-rinse” protocol negatively affected marginal integrity.

Shear Bond Strength of a Contemporary Dental Adhesive System to Two Types of Zirconia

Aim: to evaluate the shear bond strength of an adhesive system (Single bond universal adhesive+ RelyX Ultimate cement) and Panavia F2.0 to two types of zirconia (conventional ZI zirconia and translucent TZI zirconia) after thermocycling. Materials & Methods: 10 square shaped large samples from Incoris ZI blocks , and 10 from Incoris TZI blocks were prepared with larger dimensions (12x12x2mm). Another 10 square shaped small samples from each type of zirconia blocks were with small dimensions (6x6x2mm). The surfaces of the large and small samples were air abraded with 110 µm AL2O3 particles, then each small sample was bonded to the large sample using two types of cements (RelyX Ultimate cement in combination with Single bond universal adhesive and Panavia F2.0 cement) under 3Kg load and light cured. After bonding, all specimens were thermocycled for 5000 cycles. The cement/zirconia interface for each subgroup was detected under scanning electron microscope and the shear bond strength was tested using a computerized universal testing machine. Results: No significant difference between shear bond strength of all subgroups tested. Conclusion: The shear bond strength of RelyX Ultimate+ Single bond universal adhesive to two types of zirconia was comparable to Panavia F2.0 , and the shear bond strength of translucent zirconia bonded with two types of cements was comparable to conventional zirconia. Keywords: Panavia F2.0, RelyX Ultimate, Sandblasting , Single Bond Universal Adhesive, Zirconia.

Influence of different surface treatments on resin nano ceramic-resin cement bond strength

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of resin nano ceramic to resin cement, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the improvement of clinical application. A total of 150 specimens (10 mm×10 mm×3 mm) were milled from resin nano ceramic blocks (Lava Ultimate) using computer-aided design/computer aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM) technology. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups according to the surface treatment performed, as follows: control, sandblasted, sandblasted+silane, hydrofluoric acid, and hydrofluoric acid+silane groups. After the corresponding surface treatment, the specimens were cemented using Single Bond Universal Adhesive and RelyXTM Ultimate ClickerTM adhesive resin cement. All cemented specimens were placed in distilled water for 24 h and 30 days and subjected to a shear bond strength test in a universal testing machine. The surface treatment and water storage periods showed significant effects on bond strength. Surface treatment with sandblasted+silane showed the highest shear strength values among all tested groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). A difference was observed between the control and hydrofluoric acid groups, and both had significantly difference compared with other groups (P<0.05). Sandblasted and hydrofluoric acid+silane groups were not statistically different, and both had significantly difference compared with other groups (P<0.05). The surface of resin nanoceramic treated by sand-blasted, sandblasted+silane, and hydrofluoric acid+silane can improve the bond strength. The sandblasted+silane group had the best the shear bond strength among the groups.

Influence of hydrophobic resin coating on micro-tensile bond strength of different adhesives: an in – vitro study

Recently, the etch-and-rinse and self-etching approaches are the two strategies of resin-based adhesive systems to accomplish the bonding to enamel and dentin. The increased amount of solvents and hydrophilic monomers in the adhesive formulations lead to greater amount of residual solvents entrapped in the adhesive layer. Consequently, the resulting polymers will be more susceptible to degradation over time. One of the methods for more durable bond includes the application of an additional layer of a hydrophobic resin coating over the polymerized simplified adhesive. The aim of this in –vitro study was to evaluate the influence of hydrophobic resin coating on micro-tensile bond strength of different adhesives Eighty freshly sound human molars were divided into three main groups according to method of bonding (A), where (A1) represents teeth bonded using Single Bond Universal Adhesive in total each approach, (A2) represents teeth bonded using Single Bond Universal Adhesive in self-etch approach while (A3) represents teeth bonded using Self Etch Future Single Bond DC Bonding System. Each (A) group will be then subdivided into two additional subgroups according to the addition of hydrophobic resin coating into (B1) which stands for teeth with additional hydrophobic resin coating and (B2) which stands for teeth without additional of hydrophobic resin coating. Each (AB) group will be finally subdivided into two smaller subgroups according to the effect of thermocycling, where (T1) denotes the teeth which were thermocycled, and (T2) denotes the teeth which were not thermocycled. The occlusal dentin surface of each molar was prepared on two levels: Superficial level (below the dentino enamel junction by 0.5 mm) and deep level (below the dentino enamel junction by 1.5 mm). For all specimens, after bonding procedures either total etch or self etch, a hydrophobic resin coating was added for the assigned groups. Resin composite was applied; thermo-cycling was done for the assigned groups. Teeth were sectioned into a series of 1 mm thick slabs and microtensile bond strength testing was done. Two representative specimens of each group were selected for Ultramorphological Examination. Mode of application, addition of adhesive layer and thermocycling had a significant effect on bond strength. Within the limits of this study, we concluded that regarding bonding efficacy to enamel and dentine, conventional 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesives are still not surpassed by the newer simplified self etch adhesive systems. Addition of the hydrophobic bonding resin coating improved bonding to dentine especially when used with all-in-one self-etch adhesive systems.

Postoperative sensitivity after placement of bulk-fill posterior restoration

The purpose of this observational retrospective clinical study was to assess the post-operative sensitivity reported by patients following the placement of bulk-fill composite restorations. Patient records of the seventy-two subjects with previously untreated teeth requiring restorations due to caries lesions were used. Seventy-two restorations that were radiographically judged to be located in neither middle nor inner one-third of dentin were included in the study. Two resin composites had been used: Group 1- bulk-fill posterior resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative); Group 2- conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250). The same resin adhesive system (Single Bond Universal Adhesive) had been used with both composites. Patients had been contacted on days 2, 7, 14 and 30 postoperatively and asked about any presence sensitivity, the stimuli that created the sensitivity, if any, the duration of any sensitivity, and the intensity of any sensitivity using a rating from none too severe. The chi-square test showed cavity deepness (p=0.003) significantly affected post-operative sensitivity, while no significances between the different resin composites (p=0.465), cavity sizes (p=0.702) were revealed at day 2, respectively. By day 2, 8.3% of restorations placed in the middle one-third, and 37.5% of restorations placed in the inner one-third of dentin were slightly sensitive. By day 14, there had been no sensitive tooth. Both composite types have potential post-operative sensitivity with limited duration following their placements. The use of bulk-fill posterior restorative for restoration of the deep carious lesion does not seem to affect postoperative sensitivity of composite restorations.

Comparative evaluation of microleakage around Class V cavities restored with alkasite restorative material with and without bonding agent and flowable composite resin: An in vitro study

Marginal adaptability of restorative material is one of the prime factors for success of a restoration. To evaluate microleakage at enamel restoration and dentin restoration interface of Class V cavities restored with new alkasite restorative material Cention-N, with and without using bonding agent and flowable composite resin. Thirty Class V tooth preparations were divided into three groups (n = 10): Group-I restored with Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent) without adhesive, Group-II was restored with Cention-N after application of eighth-generation bonding agent (3M ESPE, Single Bond Universal Adhesive), and Group-III was restored with flowable composite resin (Tetric-N-Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent). All samples were subjected to 200 thermocycles between temperature baths at 5°C and 55°C. All samples were cut longitudinally through the center of the restorations with the help of isomet diamond saw. The sections were then observed under binocular stereomicroscope at 20×. Two evaluators scored the depth of dye penetration independently at enamel and dentin margins. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis followed by Dunn's multiple comparison tests were done to evaluate differences among the experimental groups. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the difference between occlusal and gingival scores within each restoration. Microleakage seen in decreasing order: Cention-N without adhesive >Flowable composite >Cention-N with adhesive. Microleakage at enamel restoration interface was less than microleakage at dentin restoration interface of each group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Least microleakage was seen with Cention-N with adhesive followed by flowable composite. More microleakage was seen with Cention-N without adhesive.

Shear bond strength of composite resin to resin-modified glass ionomer cement using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-based and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-free adhesive system.

Background:Sandwich technique combines the properties of both composite resin and glass ionomer cement to make the most of the physical and esthetic properties of each material. Bonding agents improve the wettability of GIC surface and improves the bond between composite resin and GIC. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare shear bond strength of composite resin to resin modified glass ionomer cement using HEMA-based and HEMA-free adhesive systems. An in vitro study.Materials and Methods:Total 30 disc-shaped samples were prepared with resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). Samples were divided into three groups, each group containing 10 samples. Group I (n=10): Nano-hybrid composite resin (NHCR) was bonded to RMGIC without any adhesive system. Group II (n=10): NHCR was bonded to RMGIC using hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)-based adhesive system. Group III (n=10): NHCR was bonded to RMGIC using HEMA-free adhesive system. The shear bond strength was tested using Universal testing Machine and the results were calculated using one way ANOVA and Post-Hoc test.Results:Maximum shear bond strength was recorded in group III where HEMA-free adhesive used with a mean value of 6.13±1.859 MPa followed by group II where HEMA-based adhesive used with mean value of 4.38±1.533 MPa. The control group showed least shear bond strength.Conclusion:Application of HEMA-free adhesive (OptiBond All-In-One) resulted in greater shear bond strength between RMGIC and composite resin than HEMA-based adhesive (Single bond Universal Adhesive).

MICRO SHEAR BOND STRENGTH ASSESSMENT OF TWO DIFFERENT ADHESIVE SYSTEMS BONDED TO DIFFERENT DENTIN SUBSTRATES

This in-vitro study assessed micro shear bond strength of two different adhesive systems bonded on different dentin substrates. Fifteen freshly extracted human molars with coronal dentin caries were collected for this study. The roots were sectioned to expose the pulp chamber. The crown segment was then centrally glued using a cyanoacrylate adhesive to a circular Teflon plate of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The occlusal portion of crown segments were ground flat to expose flat dentin surface parallel to the occlusal plan. Caries detector dye was used to identify caries-infected, caries-affected (CAD) and normal dentin (ND). For further confirmation, dye permeability test was applied to detect CAD. Specimens were divided into two main groups (30 each) according to the type of the adhesive system used: A1 (Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive) control group and A2 (Universal adhesive system). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (15 specimens each) according to the type of dentin substrate used: D1 (ND) and D2 (CAD). Four resin composite microcylinders were built over each specimen in both substrates. A total of 60 composite microcylinders with prepared dentin surface containing both ND and CAD were used in the study. Each was polymerized using light curing unit. All specimens were subjected to micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) testing using a special universal testing machine (Model LRX-plus; Lloyd instruments Ltd., Ferham, UK). Data was then recorded, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Single bond Universal adhesive system (20.0 ± 96.7 MPa) showed statistically significantly lower mean μSBS than Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive systems (22.0 ± 10.4 MPa) (P=0.008). Micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) of ND substrate (24.3 ± 8.4 MPa) showed higher statistically significant values than that of CAD (19.4 ± 7.8 MPa) (P=0.001*). Two way ANOVA results showed statistical significant effect for the adhesive systems (Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose and Single bond Universal Adhesive) [p=0.008], dentin substrates (ND and CAD) [p<0.001] and the interaction between the variables had a statistically significant effect on the mean micro-shear bond strength. In conclusion, the type of substrate and bonding strategies affects the bonding performance and durability of restorations in dentistry

Effect of silane-containing universal adhesive on push-out bond strength of glass fiber post to composite resin and to resin cement/intraradicular dentin

This in vitro study aimed at evaluating the effect of glass-fiber post (GFP) surface treatment with a silane-containing universal adhesive and/or a silane coupling agent on push-out bond strength to dual cure resin cement/dentin (Experiment 1) and to resin composite (Experiment 2). Methods: For Experiment 1, sixty human premolar root canals were prepared to receive GFP cementation. Then an adhesive system was applied, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The GFPs (Reforpost no. 2, Angelus) were randomly divided into 2 groups, according to application or non-application of a silane coupling agent for 60 seconds (Prosil, FGM). Each group was further divided into 3 groups, according to the adhesive system to be applied to the GFP surface (n = 10): 1. SBU - silane-containing universal adhesive (Adper Single Bond Universal Adhesive, 3M ESPE); 2. ASB2 – etch-and-rinse adhesive system not containing silane in its composition (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE); 3. CG (control group) – no treatment. Cementation of GFPs to intraradicular dentin was performed with dual-cure conventional resin cement (Rely X ARC/ 3M ESPE). After 48 h, the roots were cross-sectioned at three different depths, resulting in serial slices corresponding to the cervical, middle and apical root thirds. For Experiment 2, surface-treated GFPs (n=10) were centered in a plastic matrix in which the resin composite (Filtek Z250 XT, 3M ESPE) was incrementally inserted and light-cured. Slices were obtained, as in Experiment 1. Push-out bond strength testing was performed on a universal machine (0.5 mm/min crosshead speed). Results: In Experiment 1, three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) indicated that the bond strength of GFP to resin cement/intraradicular dentin was not affected by use or nonuse of a silane coupling agent, by application or non-application of an adhesive layer or by the root canal depth (p > 0.05). For Experiment 2, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test showed that when the GFP received silane pretreatment, bond strength to resin composite was not affected by the application of an adhesive layer to the post. However, when the post was not pretreated with silane, the bond strength was higher for the universal adhesive (p = 0.021). The bond strength to post/resin cement/dentin was unaffected by post silanization or by the application of an adhesive system layer on the post. Bond strength of the post to resin composite was unaffected by adhesive system application, if the post was previously treated with a silane agent. In the absent of post silanization, a universal adhesive containing silane achieved higher bond strength of the post to resin composite.

Effect of One Year Brushing with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Modified Toothpaste on Surface Roughness and Micro-Shear Bond Strength of Enamel to Resin Composite Restoration Using Two Adhesive Systems: In vitro study

This study aimed at evaluating in vitro the effect of one year brushing with 10 wt. % nano- hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) modified toothpaste on surface roughness and micro-shear bond strength (µ-SBS) of enamel to resin composite restoration (Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative) using total-etch (TE), Adper Single Bond Plus Adhesive and self-etch (SE), Single Bond Universal Adhesive systems. Thirty human enamel/dentin slabs were prepared and divided according to the toothpaste into: control group (Signal Kids toothpaste) and test group (10 wt. % n-HAp ~20 nm modified Signal Kids toothpaste). Brushing was performed for one hour/day for 24 days. Roughness (Ra) was measured by the AFM for 10 brushed slabs. For μ-SBS evaluation, 20 brushed slabs were randomly subdivided into 2 subgroups/ group according to the adhesive system (control/TE, control/SE, test/TE and test/SE). Micro-cylinders of nano-filled resin composite were prepared. The μ-SBS test was performed by a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was evaluated by digital microscope and the morphological changes of the de-bonded surfaces were examined by the SE microscope. The data were statistically analyzed. The mean Ra (nm) values of the enamel brushed with unmodified toothpaste were not significantly different than those brushed with n-HAp modified toothpaste. Whereas, the mean μ-SBS (MPa) of the control (brushed with unmodified toothpaste) subgroups with either TE or SE were significantly lower than those of the test (brushed with n-HAp modified toothpaste) subgroups. Subgroups with SE adhesives exhibited predominantly adhesive failure mode, while predominance of mixed failures were detected for subgroups with TE adhesives. In conclusion, one year simulated brushing with 10 wt. % n-HAp modified toothpaste did not affect enamel roughness while it improved the bond strength to resin composite regardless of the adhesive system. However, the adhesive system type has an influential effect on the failure mode.

Influence of adhesive and bonding material on the bond strength of bracket to bovine tooth

Aim: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of adhesive and bonding materials on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic brackets bonded to bovine teeth. Methods: Bovine teeth were embedded with acrylic resin, etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 20 s, rinsed, dried for 20 s and divided into 8 groups (n=20), according to the bonding materials and adhesive: Groups 1 and 5 – Transbond XT; Groups 2 and 6 – Fill Magic; Groups 3 and 7 – Biofix; and, Groups 4 and 8 – Orthocem. One layer of adhesive 3 M Unitek (Group 1), and one layer of Single Bond Universal Adhesive (Groups 2, 3 and 4) were applied and light-cured with LED for 10 s. Brackets were bonded to the buccal surface with four bonding materials and light-cured with LED for 40 s. SBS was carried out after 24 h and thermocycling (7,000 cycles - 5°/55 °C). Data were submitted to two way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (α=0.05). The Adhesive Remaining Index (ARI) was evaluated at 8×. Results: The adhesive was effective in increasing the SBS for all bonding materials (p&lt;0.05). Significant difference (p&lt;0.05) on the SBS was observed between bonding materials with or without adhesive. The ARI showed a predominance of scores 0 for all groups. Conclusions: The adhesive improved significantly the SBS of the brackets to teeth. Different SBS values occurred among the bonding materials. ARI index showed predominance of score 0 for all groups.

Effect of Different Antioxidants on the Microtensile Bond Strength of an Adhesive System to Sodium Hypochlorite-treated Dentin.

To evaluate the effects of different antioxidant treatments on the microtensile bond strength of an adhesive system to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-treated dentin. Thirty extracted third molars were sectioned 3 mm below the occlusal surface and divided into six groups according to the antioxidant treatment received: control group: distilled water; NaOCl group: 5.25% NaOCl and distilled water; proanthocyanidin (PA) group: 5.25% NaOCl, 5% PA and distilled water; 1-week storage group: 5.25% NaOCl and storage for 1 week in distilled water; Accel group: 5.25% NaOCl, Accel, and distilled water; noni group: 5.25% NaOCl, noni fruit juice, and distilled water. NaOCl, PA, Accel, noni, and distilled water were administered for 30 s, 10 min, 30 s, 10 min, and 30 s, respectively. A self-etching adhesive system (Single Bond Universal Adhesive) was applied to each specimen and a resin composite (Filtek Z550) was built up to a height of 5 mm on the dentin surface. Each specimen was serially sectioned to obtain sticks with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm2, and their microtensile bond strength was determined. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane's T2 test. Microtensile bond strength in the NaOCl group was significantly lower than in all other groups. However, there were no significant differences in the bond strength between the groups treated with different antioxidants. NaOCl significantly reduced the microtensile bond strength of the adhesive system. The application of PA, Accel, and noni fruit juice to NaOCl-treated dentin significantly improved the microtensile bond strength.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Bonding Composite to Zirconia as a Repair Method

Chipping of the veneering porcelain is often reported in the literature. Intraoral repair of chipped veneering porcelain provides an option when the restoration cannot be removed and replaced. This in vitro study investigated the bond strength of two porcelain repair methods to the zirconia ceramic after different aging conditions. A total of 120 (Vita InCeram YZ) samples were divided into two main groups according to the different repair methods (n = 60). The first method was using a porcelain repair kit (Bisco), and the second method was repairing with a universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal Adhesive) and a composite resin (Z100). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 30) according to surface modification (with or without airborne particle abrasion). Each group was then divided into three subgroups (n = 10) depending on aging conditions. Shear bond strength tests were performed to measure the adhesion strength between composite and zirconia surfaces. Statistical analysis was performed with 3‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). Surface conditioning by airborne particle abrasion affected the strength values in the repair kit group compared with conventionally repaired group. Conventionally repaired group showed statistically significant higher bond strength values than repair kit group.

Effect of thermal cycling on micro-tensile bond strength of composite restorations bonded with multimode adhesive

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of thermal cycling on the micro-tensile bond strength (Mtbs) of multimode adhesive agents. Materials and methods: Eight freshly extracted caries-free human third molars were used. The flat dentin surfaces were prepared and polished with 600-grit SiC abrasive paper for standard smear layer formation. The teeth were restored using Single Bond Universal Adhesive [(total etch (G1, G2)/self etch (G3, G4)] + Filtek Z550 and All-Bond Universal Adhesive [(total etch (G5, G6)/self etch (G7, G8)] + Aelite all-purpose. The specimens in groups G1, G3, G5, and G7 were subjected to thermal cycling (1000 cycles at 5–55 °C, for a 30 s dwell time), while the specimens in other groups were not exposed to an aging procedure. The Mtbs test was determined in all procedures. Data were submitted to three-way ANOVA and post hoc tests. The significance level was set at = 0.05. Results: Group five was highly affected by the thermal cycling following the total etch procedure, while group one was not significantly affected. Group seven was highly affected by thermal cycling, while group three was not significantly affected after the self etch procedure. Group eight exhibited a higher mean Mtbs value after the thermal cycling procedure. Conclusion: The bond strength of multimode (universal) adhesives was found to be material dependent. The total etch procedure showed a higher Mtbs value than the self etch procedure.

Influence of acid-etching or double-curing time on dentin bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesive

Abstract This in vitro study was undertaken to investigate the effects of an optional etching step with 35% phosphoric acid or double curing time on the shear bond strength (SBS) of one-step self-etch adhesives to dentin. A significant improvement in shear bond strength was demonstrated when dentin was acid-etched with 35% phosphoric acid prior to the application of one-step self-etch adhesives. The use of curing time double that was recommended by the manufacturers of the respective adhesives was capable of increasing the bond strength of the Single Bond Universal Adhesive but not that of the other two adhesives (Xeno® V + and AdheSE®One F VivaPen), indicating that the bond strength is adhesive-dependent. Therefore, the use of phosphoric acid-etching on dentin is highly recommended, followed by one-step self-etch adhesives.

Effects of pre- and post-simulated home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on the shear bond strengths of different adhesives to enamel

Abstract Aim This in vitro study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pre- and post-simulated bleaching procedures with 10% carbamide peroxide on the shear bond strengths of different adhesives to enamel and to determine the failure modes of tested specimens. Materials and methods The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30) according to the sequence of bleaching and bonding procedures (control non-bleach, pre- and post-bleach groups). Each group was then subdivided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the three types of adhesives: OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr) and Single Bond Universal (3M-ESPE) used as etch-and-rinse and self-etch techniques. Resin composite cylinders were then placed with Filtek Z 250 (3M ESPE). The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 hours prior to being thermocycled for 1000 cycles (at 5 and 55 °C). The samples in the pre- and post-bleach groups were also immersed daily in artificial saliva at 37 °C, and for two weeks after completion of the bleaching process. Shear bond strengths were measured with a cross-head speeds of 0.5 mm/min. Failure modes of debonded specimens were determined by stereomicroscopy (30×). The interface margins of resin composite to the different enamel conditions were observed by scanning electron microscopy (1000×) before shear bond strength testing. Results There were no significant effects of different enamel conditions (control non-bleach, pre-bleach and post-bleach) on the shear bond strengths of OptiBond Solo Plus Adhesive Agent or etch-and-rinse Single Bond Universal Adhesive Agent. Pre- and post-simulated home bleaching of enamel with 10% carbamide peroxide had an adverse effect on the shear bond strengths of self-etch Single Bond Universal Adhesive Agent. Conclusion In enamel, an etch-and-rinse approach with phosphoric acid remains the procedure of choice, since it guarantees the most durable bond to enamel. Therefore, selective phosphoric-acid-etching of enamel is highly recommended, followed by self-etching.