Single Author Research Articles

A review of research progress and projection of future publication trend amongst the science stream academics of University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

An increase in emphasis on research productivity evaluation can be discerned commonly in higher educational institutions world over. As far as the Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna is concerned such an in depth study had not been done. This bibliometric study analyzed the research publications produced by the academics of Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna. The objective of this study is to empirically measure the research output during the time period of 2003 to 2018 to find out the department wise output, year wise publication output, authorship pattern and degree of collaboration, media of research communication, relative growth rate, doubling time and to forecast future publication trend of academics. The year wise publication output shows an increasing pattern. But the output growth is not uniform. Findings revealed that Faculty of Science has produced 1359 publications with an annual average of 85 and with the maximum of 139 during the study period. The highest number of publications is from the Department of Zoology (22%). The Department of Botany shows second highest number with 21% of the publications. The lowest number is from the Department of Fisheries (4%). The research output from departments of Physics, Mathematics and Statistics, and Chemistry are more or less the same. Mean value of the degree of collaboration of authors during the overall sixteen years is found to be 0.84. Single author publications are less (15%) than collaborative effort (85%). Abstract form of publications is more in number 836 (61%). Journal article is 501 (37%) and Book form is 22 (2%). A uniform dropping pattern was observed in the mean relative growth rate (RGR) from 0.439 to 0.122 considering four year blocks from 2003 to 2018. The mean doubling time showed an increasing tendency through each consecutive block of four year period. It ranged from 0.89 in the first block to 5.80 in the last block of a total of sixteen year time span. The forecast for 2025 based on least square estimate the number of publications should be 186 if status remains unchanged. Thus Faculty of Science has to endeavor and orient their research efforts more towards publishing journal articles than short communications and giving priority towards interdisciplinary research to obtain greater impacts with the vision of establishing excellence of the institution.

Research Contribution of the Oldest Seat of Higher Learning in Pakistan: A Bibliometric Analysis of University of the Punjab

Bibliometric methods are used to access various elements in any data set. Similarly, this study uses a bibliometric method to evaluate the research performance of the University of the Punjab (PU), the oldest university of Pakistan. A peer university from a neighboring country, India, has been selected in this study along with three state-owned universities of Pakistan. The research yield of selected universities was analyzed since their establishment until 2019. The data were retrieved from the Scopus database in February 2020. The guidelines of the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education were used to select the peer universities. It has been analyzed that steady progress in research productivity was observed during the 20th century and in the last few years of the 19th century. A focus shift was observed with the onset of the 21st century and a rapid increase in research publications was observed in Pakistani universities. Around 92% of research studies of the University of the Punjab were carried out during the first 20 years of the 21st century and it leads the compared peer universities in terms of the number of research publications and the citations. It is also analyzed that there is a tendency among the authors of studied universities to publish their research articles in subscription-based journals. The authors affiliated with the University of the Punjab are more inclined to publish their research in open access journals as compared to the researchers of other studied universities. It is also observed that publications with single authors received a low average of citations per document while the publications with six or more authors had the highest average citations. The study recommends collaborative efforts for carrying out research and publication in open access journals is encouraged because of greater visibility, access, and impact.

Is nerve sparing clitoroplasty really a nerve sparing?

BackgroundSurgery for clitoral reduction has been practised for over half a century. The aim of clitoral surgery is to achieve normal clitoral morphology without compromising sexual function. To achieve these purposes, many techniques were developed since Young first reported reduction clitoroplasty in 1937. As the importance of the neurovascular bundle was realized, attempts were made to preserve this structure aiming at preservation of the sensory supply to the clitoris to achieve sexual satisfaction.MethodsThe study was conducted on six patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, who were operated upon with reduction clitoroplasty with neurovascular bundle preservation as a part of the genital reconstruction; surgery was done by single author (first author). Whole surgically removed corporal bodies were processed. Examination of the sections was done for the presence of nerve bundles related to the anatomical location of the neurovascular bundle using S100 immunohistochemical staining.ResultsIn four cases, the presence of nerve fibers in the removed part of the corpus stained by S100 was high on the dorsal surface, with the presence of large nerve fibers (score 3–4), and low on the ventral surface with the presence of small nerve fibers (score 1). In the other two cases, it was low on both surfaces (score 1).ConclusionSubfacial clitoroplasty technique carries an inevitable risk of nerve injury and should be replaced by the subtunical technique.Level of evidenceIV. Type of study: case series with no comparison group.

The Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder (QoL.BD) questionnaire a decade on – A systematic review of the measurement of condition-specific aspects of quality of life in bipolar-disorder

BackgroundCondition-specific quality of life (QoL) instruments are more representative of the priorities of people with lived experience. As such, the development of the first and only bipolar disorder (BD) specific measurement instrument, the Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder (QoL.BD) questionnaire, marked an important step forward for the literature. The present systematic review aims to characterise applications of the QoL.BD in the BD literature and review empirical findings obtained from studies using this measure. MethodsA systematic search identified 37 peer-reviewed publications which reported original empirical data using the QoL.BD in a BD population. No restrictions were placed on language/study type. ResultsAdaptations to the QoL.BD displayed appropriate psychometric properties. Although clinical trials were typically underpowered, promising effect sizes for a number of treatment modalities were reported. QoL.BD scores were moderately correlated with depressive symptoms; a number of candidate predictors were identified. LimitationsDue to resource limitations, the present review used one database (Google Scholar), and a single author reviewed articles for eligibility. On balance the risks of missing relevant studies were deemed minimal. ConclusionA sizeable, international body of evidence now exists regarding the measurement, presentation, and treatment of condition-specific aspects of QoL in BD. Key avenues for future research include large scale, randomized control clinical trials using the QoL.BD as a primary outcome, and granular exploration of potential correlates of QoL.BD domain scores. Finally, longer follow-up periods are required to inform understanding of the dynamic relationship between clinical variables and condition-specific aspects of QoL in BD.

Novel Theory and Technology in Modernist Britain, by Heather Fielding; Modernist Soundscapes: Auditory Technology and the Novel, by Angela Frattarola

Novel Theory and Technology in Modernist Britain, by Heather Fielding; Modernist Soundscapes: Auditory Technology and the Novel, by Angela Frattarola

Author detection: Analyzing tweets by using a Naïve Bayes classifier

In the context of digital social media, where users have multiple ways to obtain information, it is important to have tools to detect the authorship within a corpus supposedly created by a single author. With the tremendous amount of information coming from social networks there is a lot of research concerning author profiling, but there is a lack of research about the authorship identification. In order to detect the author of a group of tweets, a Naïve Bayes classifier is proposed which is an automatic algorithm based on Bayes’ theorem. The main objective is to determine if a particular tweet was made by a specific user or not, based on its content. The data used correspond to a simple data set, obtained with the Twitter API, composed of four political accounts accompanied by their username and tweet identifier as it is mixed with multiple user tweets. To describe the performance of the classification model and interpret the obtained results, a confusion matrix is used as it contains values like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Kappa measure, the positive predictive and negative predictive value. These results show that the prediction model, after several cases of use, have acceptable values against the observed probabilities.

A Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Treatment Recommendations for Cancer Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably caused those involved in cancer care to change clinical practice in order to minimize the risk of infection while maintaining cancer treatment as a priority. General advice during the pandemic suggests that most patients continue with ongoing therapies or planned surgeries, while follow-up visits may instead be delayed until the resolution of the outbreak. We conducted a literature search using PubMed to identify articles published in English language that reported on care recommendations for cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic from its inception up to 1st June 2020, using the terms “(cancer or tumor) AND (COVID 19)”. Articles were selected for relevance and split into five categories: (1) personal recommendations of single or multiple authors, (2) recommendations of single authoritative centers, (3) recommendations of panels of experts or of multiple regional comprehensive centers, (4) recommendations of multicenter cooperative groups, (5) official guidelines or recommendations of health authorities. Of the 97 included studies, 10 were personal recommendations of single or multiple independent authors, 16 were practice recommendations of single authoritative cancer centers, 35 were recommendations provided by panel of experts or of multiple regional comprehensive centers, 19 were cooperative group position papers, and finally, 17 were official guidelines statements. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global emergency, and has rapidly modified our clinical practice. Delaying unnecessary treatment, minimizing toxicity, and identifying care priorities for surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies must be viewed as basic priorities in the COVID-19 era.

Female Authorship in Radiology: Trends in the Past Decade in CARJ.

To identify trends in female authorship in the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal (CARJ) from 2010 to 2019. We retrieved papers published in the CARJ over a 10-year period, and retrospectively reviewed 602 articles. All articles except editorials and advertisements were included. We categorized the names of the first and last position authors as female or male and excluded articles that had at least one author of which gender was not known. We compared the trends in the first and last position authors of the articles from 2010 to 2019. For statistical analysis, logistic regression was performed with reported odds ratios (ORs), and a P value of <.05 was defined as statistically significant. Five hundred thirteen articles met inclusion criteria. Among them, 23 articles with a single author were classified as having only a first author. 39.8% (204/513) of first authors were female and 26.9% (132/490) of last authors were female. There has been an overall temporal increase in the odds of both the first and last author being female in CARJ publications (OR: 1.11, P = .034). Similarly, the odds a CARJ publication's first author being female increased over time (OR: 1.07, P = .033). Female last author did not predict female first author (OR: 1.48, P = .056). There was no association identified between female last author and year of publication (OR: 1.04, P = .225). There has been an overall increase in engagement of female authorship in CARJ.

The Racialization of Print

AbstractThis essay reimagines the centuries-long process through which printed objects in the Anglophone world became powerfully associated with white supremacy and ideologies of racial hierarchy. It argues that the racialization of print was not inevitable but contingent, uneven, and always contested; that it continually shifted, varying widely from place to place; and that it occurred in relation to the medium’s changing associations with such other unstable social and ideological categories as class, gender, religion, and nation. The essay proposes two phases for this historical process: the establishment phase, during which the hyperelite medium of the printed codex acquired an association with white authorship in the early modern period; and the essentializing phase, during which, over the course of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, a printed book by a single author came to be understood as capable of representing the essential nature of an entire race of people. Samson Occom and Phillis Wheatley wrote during the shift between these two phases of print’s racialization. A comparative case study of Occom’s and Wheatley’s relationships to book publication suggests that early modern social and class hierarchies were more important to their navigation of the medium’s racialized dynamics than is commonly granted.

Publication rate of abstracts from presentations at the British Orthodontic Conference 2009-2014.

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the publication rate of scientific abstracts presented at the British Orthodontic Conference 2009-2014. Predictors of full-text publications after presentation of abstracts were explored. Cross-sectional study. Details of abstracts were retrieved from the conference programmes. Abstracts were screened and full-text publications identified by a single author with discrepancies discussed. Two electronic databases were searched to identify full-text publication of abstracts presented at the British Orthodontic Conference during 2009-2014. Study characteristics were recorded in a prespecified data collection sheet. Descriptive and correlation statistics were calculated. Multivariable Cox regression modelling was implemented in order to assess the effect of predictors on the instance of probability of publication. A total of 225 abstracts (148 poster presentations and 77 oral presentations) were identified. Observational studies were frequent (60%) and significant results were reported in 38.7% of abstracts. The rate of full-text publication after abstract presentation was 46.2% with a mean time to publication of 18.3 ± 18.7 months. Authors based at both university and hospitals (Hazard ratio: 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-5.47, P=0.01) had a higher instant probability of publication compared to university only, whereas diagnostic studies (Hazard ratio: 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.74, P=0.02) had lower instant probability of publication compared to systematic reviews. Over 50% of study abstracts presented at the British Orthodontic Conference during 2009-2014 remain unpublished. Author affiliation and study type appear to influence full text publication. In order to reduce publication bias within the literature, publication of full-text articles by authors of presented abstracts is encouraged.

IMetrics: the development of the discipline with many names

Different research traditions have developed over time to study the quantitative aspects of information and knowledge production, such as scientometrics, bibliometrics, librametrics, informetrics, cybermetrics, webometrics, or altmetrics. These information metrics, or iMetrics, as they were labeled by Milojevic and Leydesdorff in Scientometrics 95(1):141–157, 2013, are unified by the usage of quantitative data analysis, applying various statistical methods and techniques and are often used to supplement and complement each other. Representing different research traditions, they jointly form a common research field, a “discipline with many names”. In this article, we look at the development of iMetrics field and its evolution over time using bibliometric network analysis and identify its common basis, formed by the most important publications, journals, scholars and topics. The dataset consists of articles from the Web of Science database (26,414 records with complete descriptions). Analyzing the citation network, we evaluate the field’s growth and identify the most cited works. Using the Search path count (SPC) approach, we extract the Main path, Key routes paths, and Link islands in the citation network. The results show that in the last forty years the number of published papers increased, and it doubles every 8 years; the number of single author papers dropped from 50 to 10 %, and the number of papers authored by 3 or more authors is increasing. We make the conclusions about the field’s development and its current state. We also present the main authors, journals and keywords from the field, which form its common basis.

Unesco Gastronomi Kenti Afyonkarahisar Mutfağı Üzerine Yapılan Çalışmaların Bibliyometrisi

The purpose of this research is to examine the bibliometric studies of the Afyonkarahisar Cuisine, which is included in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network with the theme of gastronomy, and to create data for future studies. The universe of the research consists of books, book chapters, articles, papers, abstracts, theses and projects published about Afyonkarahisar Cuisine. The studies were examined by considering variables such as publication place, year, language, number of authors, theme and research methods. The first study on Afyonkarahisar Cuisine was the book study published in 1974. In this context, 43 studies were identified between 1974-2020 and subjected to analysis. The vast majority of the studies (19) consist of paper works. When the subject distributions are examined, it is seen that the studies are prepared on Afyonkarahisar dishes and local dishes. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that the studies on the field increased between 2018-2019, the study mostly was prepared as an article in Afyon Kocatepe University Institute of Social Sciences and an article in the Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Research. In terms of the number of authors, it has been determined that there are more studies with a single author. It is observed that Afyonkarahisar province, which has a strong culinary culture, is supported by the studies prepared.

Measuring growth pattern and publications trends of storm surges research during (1999-2019) : A scientometric study

In this paper, an attempt was made to evaluate and analyze the research output in the domain of Storm surges which were published and indexed in SCOPUS databases during 1999-2019. Detail analysis was made to understand the growth of literature, publication trends, authorship pattern, keywords, leading countries, and prominent institutes using scientometric methods in the subject domain of storm surges. It has been found that research output in this domain generally increased over the years with maximum publications in 2016. USA, followed by China, has significantly contributed towards the research growth. India holds 10th rank with (3.98%) share of papers along with total citations of (3363) and h-index 30. Top 15 journals were published about 1586 (22.30%) papers and received 30.51% (28915) of total citations. Relative Citation Impact value is highest for UK (1.99) closely followed by Netherland (1.60), France (1.55) and Italy (1.55).The value of RCI is less than the world average for India (0.89). Multi authors papers are predominant than a single author. National Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China. NOAA, NERC, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and European Commission are a prominent agency which provides funding support for the advancement of the storm surges research.

A bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence publications from 1991 to 2018

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of artificial intelligence-related publications in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIEXPANDED) from 1991 to 2018. The analyzed aspects covered distribution of annual publications, citations per publication, journals, Web of Science categories, countries, institutions, as well as research foci and their trends. A total of 13,251 artificial intelligence-related articles were found. Articles were published in a wide range of journals and Web of Science categories. The United States took the lead position in total, single country, international collaboration, and first, corresponding, and single author articles as well as citations per publication among 119 countries. Chinese Academy of Sciences in China, Islamic Azad University in Iran, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in USA were the three most productive institutions. MIT had higher citations per publication. An international collaborative article by authors from Canada, the United States, and Switzerland was the most frequently cited article with the most total citations from Web of Science Core Collection since publication through the end of 2018. Results from word cluster analysis showed that models, neural networks, learning, and prediction were the most popular topics and features, classification, and optimization might be focus in artificial intelligence research.

Multi-χ: Identifying Multiple Authors from Source Code Files

AbstractMost authorship identification schemes assume that code samples are written by a single author. However, real software projects are typically the result of a team effort, making it essential to consider a finegrained multi-author identification in a single code sample, which we address with Multi-χ. Multi-χ leverages a deep learning-based approach for multi-author identification in source code, is lightweight, uses a compact representation for efficiency, and does not require any code parsing, syntax tree extraction, nor feature selection. In Multi-χ, code samples are divided into small segments, which are then represented as a sequence ofn-dimensional term representations. The sequence is fed into an RNN-based verification model to assist a segment integration process which integrates positively verified segments, i.e., integrates segments that have a high probability of being written by one author. Finally, the resulting segments from the integration process are represented using word2vec or TF-IDF and fed into the identification model. We evaluate Multi-χ with several Github projects (Caffe, Facebook’s Folly, Tensor-Flow, etc.) and show remarkable accuracy. For example, Multi-χ achieves an authorship example-based accuracy (A-EBA) of 86.41% and per-segment authorship identification of 93.18% for identifying 562 programmers. We examine the performance against multiple dimensions and design choices, and demonstrate its effectiveness.

Upward mobility, betrayal, and the Black Papers on education

Upward mobility, betrayal, and the Black Papers on education

Freely and openly

In the autumn of 1990, I took a month off between the end of my postdoc at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in Sagamihara, Japan, and the start of my next job at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. During that sojourn I visited the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge University, where I had done my PhD.Among the new people I met there was Ian Stevens, who coincidentally had just finished a postdoc at Goddard. I no longer remember the circumstances of our encounter. Most likely it was during the 11:00am coffee break, when almost all of the institute’s members gather in the library to converse over freshly brewed coffee. However, I can’t forget the outcome. Stevens and I decided to work together. Our paper, “An x-ray excited wind in Centaurus X-3,” appeared just over two years later.11. C. S. R. Day, I. R. Stevens, Astrophys. J. 403, 322 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1086/172205Collaboration pervades scientific research. Of the 150 or so news stories I’ve written for Physics Today’s Search and Discovery department, just one was about a paper by a single author, Rodney Baxter (“Order parameter of the chiral Potts model succumbs at last to exact solution,” November 2005, page 19). Sometimes the work I reported on resulted from a collaboration among the members of a single group. Other times it resulted from a collaboration between groups.One of my favorite examples of intergroup collaboration is the first observation of the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) in a heterostructure made of a layer of mercury telluride of just the right thickness sandwiched between layers of mercury cadmium telluride (see Physics Today, January 2008, page 19).The intricate setting has an interesting back story. Condensed-matter theorists began investigating the QSHE in the early 2000s. It arises when an insulator’s band structure includes two spin-polarized edge states. Because of the states’ topology, the corresponding edge currents flow without dissipation. The QSHE is not only interesting; it also has potential applications. The effect proved difficult to measure. It was too puny in the first prospective material, graphene. A proposal to realize it in a mechanically strained semiconductor was experimentally infeasible.A hint of a way forward arrived when one of the theorists who elucidated the QSHE, Shoucheng Zhang of Stanford University, met one of the experimenters who eventually observed it, Laurens Molenkamp of the University of Würzburg, at a conference in South Korea. Molenkamp told Zhang about the narrow-bandgap semiconductor, HgTe. Spin-orbit coupling is so strong in HgTe that it splits the valence band and raises the higher of the split bands above what would otherwise be the conduction band. Could band inversion be a way to create the QSHE? the experimenter asked the theorist. When they met again a year later in Singapore, they agreed to collaborate.A crucial step was taken from a general search for the QSHE in HgTe to a specific one in a heterostructure of HgCdTe/HgTe/HgCdTe when Molenkamp gave Zhang an electronic copy of the doctoral thesis of Alexander Pfeuffer-Jeschke. In 2000 Pfeuffer-Jeschke had calculated the threshold thickness below which the bandgap of the HgTe layer becomes zero and then becomes positive under the increasingly strong influence of the HgCdTe layers. He wrote his thesis in German, a language that Zhang had acquired as an undergraduate at the Free University of Berlin. Zhang read the thesis on the flight back from Singapore.The story of the discovery of the QSHE is not only one of collaboration. It’s also one of the free movement of people and ideas between countries. Molenkamp works in Germany and is from the Netherlands. The experiment that he and his collaborators carried out was sketched out in a Science paper22. B. A. Bernevig, T. L. Hughes, S.-C. Zhang, Science 314, 1757 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1133734 written by Zhang and two of his then students, B. Andrei Bernevig, who is from Romania, and Taylor Hughes, who is from the US. Zhang grew up in Shanghai.I asked Molenkamp to fact-check the first draft of this editorial. His emailed reply closed with the observation that physics has been an international undertaking for a century. “There is just a rather limited number of professionals in the field,” he wrote. “And you really only get things done when you exchange ideas. Freely and openly. And respecting scientific discourse.”ReferencesSection:ChooseTop of pageReferences <<CITING ARTICLES1. C. S. R. Day, I. R. Stevens, Astrophys. J. 403, 322 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1086/172205, Google ScholarCrossref2. B. A. Bernevig, T. L. Hughes, S.-C. Zhang, Science 314, 1757 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1133734, Google ScholarCrossref© 2020 American Institute of Physics.

Richard Allen and Black Church Disciplines

ABSTRACTThis essay analyzes the 1817 Doctrines and Discipline of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, published by Richard Allen and Jacob Tapsico, to argue for the inclusion of church disciplines in American literary anthologies. Such anthologies currently privilege the genres of life writing and poetry when selecting African American literature. In contrast to this emphasis on works by a single author, the Doctrines and Discipline foregrounds a vibrant African American print culture, practices of collaborative authorship, and coalition-building in the early American republic. A close reading of the AME Doctrines and Discipline demonstrates both the political and the literary stakes of church disciplines. This particular church discipline enacts a revolutionary break with white institutions and constructs a new black national affiliation, and it also lays the foundation for black literary production through much of the nineteenth century.

A History of the African American NovelAfrican American Writing: A Literary Approach

A History of the African American NovelAfrican American Writing: A Literary Approach

"2001: Una odisea del espacio", paradigma del cine de lo sublime

Se analiza la caracterización del concepto de "lo sublime", en su origen y durante el siglo XVIII, definiendo con nitidez el núcleo duro de las ideas que lo componen y aquellas otras que, procedentes de un solo autor o secundarias, fueron perfilando su contorno. Posteriormente, se sintetiza la relación de este concepto con la película de Stanley Kubrick "2001: Una odisea del espacio" (1968), demostrando que es un paradigma cinematográfico de lo sublime.