Sinensis Plant Research Articles

Determination of the GC–MS analysis of seed oil and assessment of pharmacokinetics of leaf extract of Camellia sinensis L.

ObjectiveHistory of the utilization of various parts of Camellia sinensis such as seed oil in different folklore medicaments and plants leaves for preparing green tea is very old. Pharmacokinetics (PK) plays a key role in the drug discovery stage by channelizing the medicinal chemist in the optimization process of chemical sequences and lends a hand to pharmacologists to invent in vivo studies. The objectives of the present study were to elaborate quantitative determination of phytochemicals and nutritional assessment of C. sinensis especially on the composition of seed oil of the local C. sinensis plant and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of leaves extract in healthy volunteers. MethodDetermination of secondary metabolites and nutritional assessment of C. sinensis were carried out. The composition of seed oil was elaborated with the help of GC–MS analysis for its potential significance and evidence-based household uses as folklore but also for industrial applications. Pharmacokinetics of water extract of C. sinensis leaves was compared in 9 healthy human volunteers and divided into three groups (n = 3, in each) fasting, fed and fed with coke. Plasma concentrations were noted in each group and were quantified using a validated HPLC method. ResultsPhytochemical analysis and proximate analysis of C. sinensis suggests the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins sterols; and protein, lipids fiber and carbohydrate respectively. GC–MS of the C. sinensis seed oil shows the presence of linoleic acid 100%, palmitic acid 33.55%, stearic acid 21.96, caffeine 21.72 and vitamin E 14.49%. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that in the fasting group, higher plasma concentration was found among all the volunteers. ConclusionThe phytochemical analysis of green tea suggests that it is a good source of secondary metabolites full of important nutrients. GC–MS of seed oil reveals that seed of C. sinensis is a rich source of fatty acid, and can be used to fulfill the pharmaceutical need. Pharmacokinetic studies may help to develop the biomarkers for the green tea utilization and also would help to design the dose and dose frequency for achieving the significant absorption level. PK and PD also help to determine its plasma concentration and therapeutic efficacy.

Nonaqueous fractionation and overexpression of fluorescent-tagged enzymes reveals the subcellular sites of L-theanine biosynthesis in tea.

Summary l‐Theanine is a specialized metabolite in the tea (Camellia sinensis) plant which can constitute over 50% of the total amino acids. This makes an important contribution to tea functionality and quality, but the subcellular location and mechanism of biosynthesis of l‐theanine are unclear. Here, we identified five distinct genes potentially capable of synthesizing l‐theanine in tea. Using a nonaqueous fractionation method, we determined the subcellular distribution of l‐theanine in tea shoots and roots and used transient expression in Nicotiana or Arabidopsis to investigate in vivo functions of l‐theanine synthetase and also to determine the subcellular localization of fluorescent‐tagged proteins by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In tea root tissue, the cytosol was the main site of l‐theanine biosynthesis, and cytosol‐located CsTSI was the key l‐theanine synthase. In tea shoot tissue, l‐theanine biosynthesis occurred mainly in the cytosol and chloroplasts and CsGS1.1 and CsGS2 were most likely the key l‐theanine synthases. In addition, l‐theanine content and distribution were affected by light in leaf tissue. These results enhance our knowledge of biochemistry and molecular biology of the biosynthesis of functional tea compounds.

Optimization of tea extracts composition to dye cotton. Time and temperature influence

<div data-canvas-width="583.1287199999997">The last few years natural dyes rose in value. Some synthetics dyes are proven to be environmentally harmful and can cause negative effects. Due to the eco awareness the natural dyes were again wildly used. Tea extracts from the Camellia sinensis plant were used. Tea has a large range of phytoconstituents and some can be transferred onto the cotton fabric. The optimal time and temperature to obtain as many phytoconstituents as possible had to be established. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction process from tea so as to apply the maximum concentration of phytoconstituents onto the textile fibers and improve the cotton functionalization (Ultra violet protection for example) once it is dyed with the extract. Results demonstrate time and temperature had a great influence on the optimization of the tea extracts. We could conclude that after 2 hours the most polyphenols, hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins are obtained and increasing the time didn’t add any value. The temperature was a really important factor because the polyphenols derived around 70 °C so both the extraction temperature and dyeing treatment should be below 70 °C. Wastewater were characterized in order to determine the phytoconstituents were in the cotton fibres.</div>

Viruses representing two new genomovirus species identified in citrus from Tunisia.

Using a high-throughput sequencing approach, we identified four genomoviruses (family Genomoviridae) associated with a sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) plant collected in Tunisia. The ssDNA genomes of these genomoviruses, which were amplified, cloned and Sangersequenced, range in size from 2156 to 2191 nt. Three of these viruses share > 99% full-genome pairwisesequence identity and are referred to as citrus Tunisia genomovirus 1 (CTNGmV-1). The CTNGmV-1 isolates share < 62% genome-wide pairwisenucleotide sequence identity with other genomoviruses and belong to the genus Gemykolovirus. The genome of the fourth virus, which was called CTNGmV-2, shares < 68% nucleotide sequence identity with other genomoviruses and belongs to the genus Gemycircularvirus. Based on the species demarcation criteria for members of the family Genomoviridae, CTNGmV-1 and -2 would each represent a new species. Although found associated with Citrus sp. plants, it is likely that these viruses infect fungi or other organisms associated with the plants.

Characterization of tea leaf metabolites dependent on tea (Camellia sinensis) plant age through 1H NMR-based metabolomics

The chemical or metabolic compositions of tea (Camellia sinensis) varies according to numerous factors, such as geographical origin, cultivar, climate, plucking position, and horticultural practices. However, how the age of tea plants affects the metabolite compositions of tea leaves has not been reported yet. Therefore, we extended the metabolomic approach to the investigation of the age-related differences of tea leaf metabolites in the fresh leaves collected from tea plants aged 8 and 25 years. Multivariate statistical analysis with comprehensive metabolite profiles analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy showed the clear metabolic differentiation between the fresh tea leaves from different ages of the tea plants. Of the various tea leaf metabolites varied according to the age of the tea plants, theanine, glutamine, catechin, and gallocatechin were uniquely dependent on the age of tea plants, demonstrating a difference of theanine metabolism between young and old tea plants. These results suggest that leaves from 25-year-old tea plants would still be worthy as a functional ingredient for the production in the food or cosmetic industry rather than quality-enhanced tea infusions for human consumption.

First genome sequence of an isolate of hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus from the Western hemisphere

For the first time, the near-complete genome sequence of the betacarmovirus, hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV) isolated from the Americas is disclosed. High throughput sequencing of the total RNA extract from a Hibiscus-rosa sinensis (L.) plant collected in Sao Paulo state, Brazil, revealed the genome sequence of HCRSV isolate SBO1, which is 3945 nucleotides long and shows 93.1% nucleotide sequence identity with HCRSV_Singapore (X86448), considered the type member of the species. These two viruses display a similar genomic organization and potentially encode seven open reading frames (ORFs). In addition, a phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment with 557 nts of p38, the coat protein gene, from a cohort of 14 samples collected in Brazil revealed a no clearly defined segregation of South American isolates from those previously detected in geographical areas outside this continent. The practical consequences of the use of p38 ORF-derived amplicons for detection and variability studies of HCRSV are concisely discussed.

Disinfecting technology of Camellia sinensis L inoculants through in vitro culture

Leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant is a very economically valuable commodity and can be applied to various fields. Such as in the fields of agriculture, food and beverage and medicine. The problem that is found in the land area is the presence of plants that are more than tens of years old that need to be plant rejuvenated. Rejuvenation with grafting and cutting techniques is strongly influenced by the climate and extensive agricultural land. To overcome this problem, in vitro culture techniques are applied as an effort to conserving/producing plant seeds that are free of disease pests, controlled environments and with narrow land or laboratory scale. This research aimed to determine the inoculant of Camellia sinensis which gave the best results on the disinfecting through in vitro culture technique. The method used in the research was using two types of inoculants, they are shoot buds and young shoots in the disinfecting process, and each process was repeated fifteen times. The results obtained were that the disinfecting of Camellia sinensis plants with shoot bud inoculants showed the lowest level of contamination with the number of growing inoculants close to 85 percent in twelve weeks of inoculant harvesting.

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM MEMAKSIMALKAN PENJUALAN TEH DI INDONESIA

Tea is one of the leading agricultural commodities in Indonesia as the seventh largest tea producer in the world. Today's drinks are still consumed by many people as a refreshing drink or medicine. An infusion made by brewing leaves, shoots, or leaf stems dried from the Camellia sinensis plant with hot water. The purpose of this study is to build a sales application that is able to maximize tea sales so as to preserve tea production in the agricultural sector in Indonesia. In building the system the method of approach used is the waterfall method. Data collection methods by interview, observation and library methods. Using PIECES analysis and flowchart design, data Flow Diagrams and Entity Relationship Diagrams using java script, html, and php technology. The results of this research are making a tea-selling application on mobile-based yellow gambyong tea that can make it easier for people to make product purchases in the internet era and make it easier for tea businesses to manage and develop their businesses.

Suchethana SwaroopBeyond East and West: A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics by N. S. Raghavan

By story’s end, our characters’ lives amazingly , but not unbelievably, intertwine, skillfully arranged by Moskovich. A native of the former Soviet Union, Yelena Moskovich immigrated to the US as a child. She studied theater in Boston and Paris. Her plays have been widely published and performed. Despite not being a native English speaker, Moskovich penned her two novels in impeccable, polished prose. Virginia Parobek Lancaster, Ohio Henrietta Lovell Infused: Adventures in Tea London. Faber & Faber. 2019. 239 pages. “WHAT IS NORMAL tea?” Henrietta Lovell, the founder of the Rare Tea Company, wants you to reflect on this question . Hers is a white silver tip from China, a delicate creamy-leaning white tea. If the only tea you are familiar with involves steeping tea bags, this book is for you. Lovell’s epicurean quest to bring artisan tea closer to a Western audience is masterfully achieved in Infused: Adventures in Tea. Her book narrates a poetic stroll through countries, terroirs, cultures, and encounters, to (re)discover the leaves in the bag. Loose leaves. She laments how consumers have mostly experienced tea in its bitter and overly astringent form, having to sprinkle all kinds of enhancements to round its taste, an unchallenged relic from World War II rationing. Just as granular instant coffee may never compare with the third-wave specialty coffee movement, there is an infinite hiatus between the “fannings ,” the low-grade dust from the camellia sinensis plant, and artisan tea. The book is not a scholarly treatise nor an exhaustive catalog. You may reach for the classic Tea: History, Terroirs, Varieties, by Kevin Gascoyne, François Marchand , Jasmin Desharnais, and Hugo Americi, for a deeper dive. Yet Infused: Adventures in Tea is both refreshingly accessible and personal. It exposes Lovell’s story with tea, her interaction with the plant and the astonishing world it opened, from Hollywood to Malawian tea farms, and more. Lovell shares her passion with incredible love and generosity . “I never un-love,” she says, and it is contagious . The readers are bound to develop a different and mindful appreciation for the cup. The author leaned on tea to overcome the most difficult moments of her life, recalled in moving pages. Her homage is one of endless curiosity and gratitude for the people behind the transnational beverage, pluckers to masters, crafters of artistic renditions . The same cup can never be drunk twice for it relies on a myriad of interdependent elements and steps. It is perhaps this richness that ought to be the book’s main resonance. Raising a cup (or two) to an ebullient and gourmand read. Farah Abdessamad New York Suchethana Swaroop Beyond East and West:A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics Trans. N. S. Raghavan. Abingdon, UK. Routledge. 2019. 293 pages. BEYOND EAST AND WEST: A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics, by Suchethana Swaroop, is an attempt to shed light on the evolution of civilizations through the literary epics of India and the West. The twenty-two chapters of the monograph weave a comparative approach between European and Indian culture to analyze how epics have markedly reflected the development of their time and pushed forward future transitions. Textual examples are presented to editors Nathalie Teitler and Nii Ayikwei Parkes, and by Flipped Eye in general , shows a conscious commitment to helping literary artists advance in their careers—a commitment that is necessary if underrepresented writers are to continue living from their work. In this practical sense, Un Nuevo Sol is a collection that seeks to do right by its writers as well as its readers. Nathalie Teitler writes in her introduction , “To be British Latinx is to live the experience of constantly translating yourself on all levels; to be accustomed to people addressing a version of you that bears little resemblance to your actual identity. It is to know what it means to be both present and invisible .” Throughout this collection, writers from a wide range of backgrounds and experiences put this self-translation into practice, this time not to fit in but to reveal their true identities. They present the invisible parts of themselves in their own unpredictable, heterogeneous , unapologetic ways, making language their own. Un Nuevo Sol...

Henrietta LovellInfused: Adventures in Tea

By story’s end, our characters’ lives amazingly , but not unbelievably, intertwine, skillfully arranged by Moskovich. A native of the former Soviet Union, Yelena Moskovich immigrated to the US as a child. She studied theater in Boston and Paris. Her plays have been widely published and performed. Despite not being a native English speaker, Moskovich penned her two novels in impeccable, polished prose. Virginia Parobek Lancaster, Ohio Henrietta Lovell Infused: Adventures in Tea London. Faber & Faber. 2019. 239 pages. “WHAT IS NORMAL tea?” Henrietta Lovell, the founder of the Rare Tea Company, wants you to reflect on this question . Hers is a white silver tip from China, a delicate creamy-leaning white tea. If the only tea you are familiar with involves steeping tea bags, this book is for you. Lovell’s epicurean quest to bring artisan tea closer to a Western audience is masterfully achieved in Infused: Adventures in Tea. Her book narrates a poetic stroll through countries, terroirs, cultures, and encounters, to (re)discover the leaves in the bag. Loose leaves. She laments how consumers have mostly experienced tea in its bitter and overly astringent form, having to sprinkle all kinds of enhancements to round its taste, an unchallenged relic from World War II rationing. Just as granular instant coffee may never compare with the third-wave specialty coffee movement, there is an infinite hiatus between the “fannings ,” the low-grade dust from the camellia sinensis plant, and artisan tea. The book is not a scholarly treatise nor an exhaustive catalog. You may reach for the classic Tea: History, Terroirs, Varieties, by Kevin Gascoyne, François Marchand , Jasmin Desharnais, and Hugo Americi, for a deeper dive. Yet Infused: Adventures in Tea is both refreshingly accessible and personal. It exposes Lovell’s story with tea, her interaction with the plant and the astonishing world it opened, from Hollywood to Malawian tea farms, and more. Lovell shares her passion with incredible love and generosity . “I never un-love,” she says, and it is contagious . The readers are bound to develop a different and mindful appreciation for the cup. The author leaned on tea to overcome the most difficult moments of her life, recalled in moving pages. Her homage is one of endless curiosity and gratitude for the people behind the transnational beverage, pluckers to masters, crafters of artistic renditions . The same cup can never be drunk twice for it relies on a myriad of interdependent elements and steps. It is perhaps this richness that ought to be the book’s main resonance. Raising a cup (or two) to an ebullient and gourmand read. Farah Abdessamad New York Suchethana Swaroop Beyond East and West:A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics Trans. N. S. Raghavan. Abingdon, UK. Routledge. 2019. 293 pages. BEYOND EAST AND WEST: A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics, by Suchethana Swaroop, is an attempt to shed light on the evolution of civilizations through the literary epics of India and the West. The twenty-two chapters of the monograph weave a comparative approach between European and Indian culture to analyze how epics have markedly reflected the development of their time and pushed forward future transitions. Textual examples are presented to editors Nathalie Teitler and Nii Ayikwei Parkes, and by Flipped Eye in general , shows a conscious commitment to helping literary artists advance in their careers—a commitment that is necessary if underrepresented writers are to continue living from their work. In this practical sense, Un Nuevo Sol is a collection that seeks to do right by its writers as well as its readers. Nathalie Teitler writes in her introduction , “To be British Latinx is to live the experience of constantly translating yourself on all levels; to be accustomed to people addressing a version of you that bears little resemblance to your actual identity. It is to know what it means to be both present and invisible .” Throughout this collection, writers from a wide range of backgrounds and experiences put this self-translation into practice, this time not to fit in but to reveal their true identities. They present the invisible parts of themselves in their own unpredictable, heterogeneous , unapologetic ways, making language their own. Un Nuevo Sol...

P.768 Does the Camellia sinensis plant have an therapeutic effect on cognitive deficits in diabetes-induced Alzheimer?

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on myocardial metabolism and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression/activity in obese rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with a normal or a high fat (HF) diet (42% fat) for 10 weeks. Half of the HF fed rats were treated with a single dose of E2 while the other half were placebo-treated. 24 h after treatment animals were sacrificed. E2 reduced cardiac free fatty acid (FFA) (p < 0.05), L-arginine (p < 0.01), iNOS mRNA (p < 0.01), and protein (p < 0.05) levels and translocation of the FFA transporter (CD36) (p < 0.01) to the plasma membrane (PM) in HF fed rats. In contrast, Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 (p < 0.05) and translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 (p < 0.05) to the PM increased after E2 treatment in HF rats. Our results indicate that E2 acts via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway to partially protect myocardial metabolism by attenuating the detrimental effects of increased iNOS expression/activity in HF fed rats.

Detection of pest species with different ratios in tea plant based on electronic nose

It is highly possible that tea (Camellia sinensis) plant is attacked by more than one pest species at the same time, and the determination of their proportion is of great significance to the management of tea plants. However, there are no literatures focusing on it previously. In this work, two pest species (Ectropis obliqua and Ectropis grisescens) in six different ratios (10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8 and 0:10) were applied to attack tea plants and electronic nose (E‐nose) was employed to detect them, labelled as group 10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8 and 0:10, respectively. Two prediction methods were applied to predict the ratio of E. obliqua and E. grisescens attacking tea plant and their performances were compared. The first method employed regression algorithm for prediction analysis based on the whole E‐nose data directly. The second method classified tea plants into three main classes (the first class contained group 10:0, the second class contained groups 8:2, 6:4, 4:6 and 2:8, and the third class contained group 0:10) first, then regression algorithm was applied to deal with the second class for prediction analysis. The results showed that the second method had a better performance. Its discrimination results showed 100% of the correct classification rate for training set and 93.75% for testing set. Meanwhile, its prediction results showed 0.0005 of root mean square error (RMSE) for calibration set, 0.0064 for validation set and 99.07% of fitting correlation coefficients (R2) for calibration set, 91.22% for validation set, which were acceptable for prediction analysis and proved that E‐nose was a feasible technique for pests' ratio prediction.

Tea polyphenols protect gingival keratinocytes against TNF-α-induced tight junction barrier dysfunction and attenuate the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages

Tea, an aromatic beverage prepared with the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, is well known to contain bioactive polyphenols. Green tea contains mainly catechins such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), while black tea is characterized by the presence of theaflavins. TNF-α, which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates the endogenous inflammatory cascade, plays a key role in periodontitis. In the present study, we investigated the ability of tea compounds to attenuate TNF-α-mediated activation of the host inflammatory response in monocytes/macrophages as well as the protective effect of green and black tea polyphenols on gingival keratinocyte barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-α. Tea compounds inhibited both the activation of NF-κB and caspase-1 as well as IL-1β secretion by monocytes/macrophages. TNF-α time-dependently damaged keratinocyte tight junction barrier integrity, as determined by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance and FITC-dextran transport. Green tea extract, EGCG, theaflavins, and to a lesser extent, black tea extract protected keratinocytes against the TNF-α-mediated breakdown of barrier integrity. The treatment of keratinocytes with tea polyphenols markedly mitigated the morphological changes of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1 and occludin compared to cells exposed only to TNF-α, as determined by immunofluorescence. Tea polyphenols also time-dependently decreased the paracellular flux of TNF-α-treated keratinocytes. In conclusion, the ability of tea polyphenols to exert an anti-inflammatory effect and to attenuate the gingival epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-α supports their potential for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.

The Influence of Water Composition on Flavor and Nutrient Extraction in Green and Black Tea.

Tea is made from the processed leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, which is a tropical and subtropical evergreen plant native to Asia. Behind water, tea is the most consumed beverage in the world. Factors that affect tea brewing include brewing temperature, vessel, and time, water-to-leaf ratio, and, in some reports, the composition of the water used. In this project, we tested if the water used to brew tea was sufficient to influence perceived flavor to the everyday tea drinker. Black and green tea were brewed with bottled, tap, and deionized water, with brewing temperature, vessel, time, and the water-to-leaf ratio matched. The samples were analyzed with a human consumer sensory panel, as well as instrumentally for color, turbidity, and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) content. Results showed that the type of water used to brew tea drastically affected sensory properties of green tea (and mildly also for black tea), which was likely driven by a much greater degree of extraction of bitter catechins in teas brewed with more purified bottled or deionized water. For the everyday tea drinker who drinks green tea for health, the capability to double the EGCG content in tea by simply brewing with bottled or deionized water represents a clear advantage. Conversely, those drinking tea for flavor may benefit from instead brewing tea with tap water.

Morphological characterization of 15 Toona sinensis populations in the 12-year-old conservation area

Abstract. Jayusman, Fiani A. 2019. Morphological characterization of 15 Toona sinensis populations in the 12-year-old conservation area. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 442-448. This research aims to study and characterize the morphology of Toona sinensis plant in ex situ conservation area as well as study diversity between populations based on morphological characteristics. A total of 15 surian populations, originating from West Java (5 populations), Central Java (8 populations), and East Java (2 populations), were planted in ex situ conservation area at the age of 12 years. Characterization was carried out using IPGRI guidelines (The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) and the National Commission on Genetic Resources with observational variables including quantitative properties including total plant height, free height of branches, stem diameter, leaf edge, leaf surface, and angle branching. Qualitative traits tested include the shape, color, and surface of the bark, leaf edges, leaf surface, canopy shapes and leaf aroma. The data obtained are presented descriptively and grouping between populations using cluster analysis, then the analysis results are presented in the form of a dendrogram. Based on characterization analysis using ten quantitative characters and 43 quantitative sub-characters, obtained results of cross-population grouping from various geographical sources of provinces with high morphological similarity (78-99%), grouping with ten qualitative characters with 27 qualitative sub-characters shows a cross-grouping population of provincial geographical sources with morphological similarity 80-99%. The use of qualitative and quantitative sub-characters simultaneously is only able to group two populations from the Province of East Java in one cluster, while the population of Central Java and West Java are scattered in several sub-clusters with morphological similarities between 82-99%. Three quantitative characters that contribute to morphological diversity are total plant height, the free height of branches, and surface or stem diameter, while the two qualitative characters that contribute to high morphological diversity are stem shape and canopy shape. Efforts to search for morphological characters and sub-characters that can be used as the main characteristic of populations, such as flower shapes, fruit shapes, and seed shapes, need to be involved in subsequent studies to facilitate efforts to characterize populations and use them to support selection activities in T. sinensis plant breeding program.

Potential Health Effects of Tea

Brewed tea (from the Camellia sinensis plant) is the second most commonly consumed beverage in the world, and its consumption has been associated with several human health benefits. Tea polyphenols are absorbed in the intestine following consumption and metabolized by both human and microbial systems to yield a mixture of complex metabolites that can be found in circulation and throughout the body. Identification of tea phenolic constituents and their metabolites has served to strengthen the association between tea consumption and specific health benefits, as well as to measure potential differences between tea product forms. The current state of research suggests that long-term consumption of tea and tea polyphenols may provide distinct health benefits, with the strongest associations being the promotion of cardiovascular health, as well as antidiabetic and antiobesity effects. However, much regarding tea and health remains to be discovered. This includes development of a better understanding of the role of abundant oxidized polyphenol forms in oolong and black tea, whose bioavailability and specific role in health benefits remain unknown. This technical summary focuses on tea polyphenol bioaccessibility/bioavailability, discusses potential bioactivity, and highlights studies that link tea consumption and health.

Effect of different pruning operations on the incidence and severity of various diseases of tea plant

To analyze the effect of different pruning operation on the incidence and severity of different diseases of tea (Camellia sinensis) plant. An experiment was carried out at the Bilashchara Experimental Farm of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal. Three places of the sections were selected randomly that received LP (Light Prune), DSK (deep skiff), MSK (medium skiff) and LSK (light skiff) operations. Every bush was critically observed before and after pruning operations and all infected diseases were recorded. Disease severity was expressed as percent disease index (PDI). MSTAT program was used for statistical snalysis. After pruning operation, maximum incidence 33.33% and severity 8.20% of Grey brown blight was found in LSK. Horse hair blight maximum incidence (18%) and maximum severity (6.27%) both were found in LSK. In thread blight maximum incidence was in MSK 22.67% and maximum severity was 7% in LSK. The highest % reduction of branch canker both in incidence and severity was observed in LP section followed by DSK, MSK and LSK. In case of Gall disease maximum incidence and severity both was LSK 24.67% and 7.60%. The highest incidence of black rot was in LSK 41.33% and severity 12.87% was in MSK. From the study, it was recommending that without using any chemicals, only by different pruning operations and proper cleaning can reduce the in incidence and severity of those diseases.J. bio-sci. 24: 01-09, 2016

Green Tea Catechins: Their Use in Treating and Preventing Infectious Diseases.

Green tea is one of the most popular drinks consumed worldwide. Produced mainly in Asian countries from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, the potential health benefits have been widely studied. Recently, researchers have studied the ability of green tea to eradicate infectious agents and the ability to actually prevent infections. The important components in green tea that show antimicrobial properties are the catechins. The four main catechins that occur in green tea are (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Of these catechins, EGCG and EGC are found in the highest amounts in green tea and have been the subject of most of the studies. These catechins have been shown to demonstrate a variety of antimicrobial properties, both to organisms affected and in mechanisms used. Consumption of green tea has been shown to distribute these compounds and/or their metabolites throughout the body, which allows for not only the possibility of treatment of infections but also the prevention of infections.

White tea intake interferes with the expression of angiogenic factors in the corpora lutea of superovulated rats

SummaryWhite tea derived from the Camellia sinensis (L.) plant has anticancer effects. Its main catechin decreases the gene expression of Vegf in tumours. However, VEGF is also the angiogenic factor of the reproductive organs. In this study, Wistar rats were divided into the following groups (n = 30): the control group (CT), which received water, and the white tea intake group (WT), for 3 months. At the end of every month, the corpora lutea (CL) of ten rats were removed to evaluate the gene expression of Vegf and its receptors (Flt‐1 and Kdr). White tea increased the relative mRNA abundance of Vegf (CT = 0.95 ± 0.06 and WT = 2.13 ± 0.19), Kdr (CT = 0.88 ± 0.06 and WT = 1.94 ± 0.32) and Flt‐1 (CT = 0.94 ± 0.06 and WT = 2.11 ± 0.22) in CL (P &lt; 0.05). White tea increased angiogenic‐related genes in rat CL but did not alter the number of rat CL.

Green Tea - An Antioxidant Mystic Herb

It is worldwide accepted that green tea have supernatural property to fight against chronic diseases such as cancer and many more. The presence of polyphenols in green tea is having such property to protect against severe disease and have antioxidant potential. The purpose of this review to explore the beneficial antioxidant potential of green tea with compilation of previously published literature. Green tea is produced from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant has provided to be the most popular beverages worldwide. Now people from 160 countries in the world are accustomed to tea drinking although the amount of green tea consumption in worldwide is less than other tea and coffee. Generally, green tea has been found to be superior to black tea in terms of health benefits due to their greater health benefits their demands and popularities are enhanced. The processes used in the manufacture of black tea are known to decrease levels of the monometric catechins to a much greater extent than the less severe conditions applied to other teas. Green tea is accounted for to contain a large number of bioactive fixings which are nearly contributed by polyphenols which assumes a key part of counteractive action and treatment of numerous infections and diseases. The major polyphenols in green tea are catechins, epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Epigallocatechin gallate is viewed as the most significant active component. This review highlights chapter will highlight the antioxidant activities of green tea that is connected with the high cell reinforcement parts of green tea. This article shows the advantages of green tea for its calming, cancer prevention agent potential and oral human services. Despite the fact that the human clinical information is as yet constrained, this article demonstrates that green tea has its place in both the traditional and elective medicinal groups.