Sine-qua-non Research Articles

Domestic Space Structure and Abandonment Behavior: The Ye Family Complex at Baomei, Tong An District (Fujian, P.R. China)

Anthropological archaeology strives to recover, understand and explain past social dynamics. It relies on the uncovered material record to highlight past behavior patterns. For such a research agenda to be successful, one needs to fully understand all aspects of the processes involved in the formation of the archaeological record. It is undisputed that “Abandonment” is the condition _sine qua none_ for the formation of archaeological sites. Fieldwork conducted at the Ye Family high ranking Qing Dynasty office-holder housing complex, outlines the “use-history” of the investigated architectural complex and its adjustment to China recent contemporary history. The housing complex shifted from an initial prestigious imperial office-holder family to a “commune” housing for disadvantaged families during the cultural revolution, to be finally either progressively abandoned and/or re-cycled as storage complex. Combining informant input and field archaeology methodologies, the study of an abandoned elite traditional vernacular house provides the opportunity to decipher abandonment processes and contribute to the theoretical agenda of anthropological archaeology.

Neurologist and Neurosurgeon: A ‘Sine Qua Non’ in Paediatric Intracranial Pathology Management

Neurologist and Neurosurgeon: A ‘Sine Qua Non’ in Paediatric Intracranial Pathology Management

Letter Regarding: Corneal Edema as the Sine Qua Non Factor in the Pathophysiology of Interface Fluid Syndrome.

Letter Regarding: Corneal Edema as the Sine Qua Non Factor in the Pathophysiology of Interface Fluid Syndrome.

MAKNA PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN PADA PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DITINJAU MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM

This research is motivated by invalidity unregistered marriage based on Positive law and Islamic law. In Islamic law marriage registration is condicio sine quanon is istinbath of Islamic law. Marriages that are not registered according to the regulations of Islamic law for condicio sine quanon for marriage registration be a contradictory matter what happens in practice wedding in the middle of public. This study aims to determine The mean a recording of marriage In istinbath of islamic law and want to know in mean of recording of marriage in islamic law And want to know the mean of recording of marriage in an effort to realize goals Maslahah which is on public. This research uses qualitative approach with library research. The research results show abouth the recording of marriage is condicio sine quanon in istinbath of Islamic law and meaning of recording of marriage in Islamic law is as evidence next to the witnes. The mean of recording of marriage in an effort to realize goals Maslahah which is on public as Maslahah Daruriyyah like a guard that must be maintained Is ad-Din, an-Nafs, al-‘Aql, an-Nasab wa al-Mal.

Implementation of Sex Education in Indonesia: A “Sine Qua Non” in Taboo

Implementation of Sex Education in Indonesia: A “Sine Qua Non” in Taboo

Responses of Different Stresses on Tomato

Tomato is one of the products with the highest production and consumption in the world, and it is among the sine quanon of human nutrition because of its high trade. In terms of plant yield, water deficiency is an important factor. In addition, salt stress in plants is an important limiting environmental factor affecting production. During the study period, the temperature values of the growing room were kept at 23 / 17 ±2 °C (day/night), 55–60% humidity, and under 8000 lux light intensity. In practice, irrigations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, salt 50 mM, salt 100 mM, and salt 150 mM were performed. It was determined that the control plants under drought and salt stress gave poor and negative results in terms of plant growth. In our application, it was determined that tomato plants under drought, salt, and water stress (excessive water level) had a higher chlorophyll content than plants not exposed to drought. It was observed that the potassium ratio (%) of the tomato plant in the green and root parts of the tomato plant was higher in the control plants exposed to salt stress. It was determined that the potassium ratio (%) in the green and root parts of the tomato plant accumulated more in the control plants at irrigation levels of 100%, 125%, and 150%. In the study, it was determined that water and salt stress applications affect the growth and development of plants negatively, as seen in plants under stress (salt stress, water deficiency and excess). In addition, water plays a vital role for plants in the world.

The Relevance of Double Effect Doctrine in The Perspective of Criminal Law Causality Doctrine: A Rebuttal to The Concept Of Conditio Sine Qua Non

This research explores and analyzes how the doctrine of causality, particularly the concept of <em>Conditio Sine Qua Non</em>, and the doctrine of double effect interact and influence the determination of responsibility in criminal law. Using the normative-dogmatic research method, this study systematically analyzes applicable legal rules without empirical data, emphasizing the qualitative application of legal and philosophical principles. The research uses a literature review as the primary data collection tool, examining legal philosophy books, academic journals, and professional publications to draw relevant conclusions. The results indicate that <em>Conditio Sine Qua Non</em>, which focuses on objective causation, needs to be revised for cases involving complex ethical considerations. In contrast, the double effect doctrine introduces an ethical dimension to causality judgments, justifying actions that produce unintended but unavoidable adverse consequences as a side effect of a good goal. The findings suggest that an integrative approach combining both doctrines may lead to a more balanced and comprehensive understanding of criminal liability. This research aims to enrich the academic discourse on causality in criminal law by introducing ethical considerations as part of causal analysis. It offers a new perspective in dealing with criminal cases involving complicated morality and consequences, challenging the existing limitations of causal interpretation. Nevertheless, this study has limitations in terms of its scope of practical application and the need for empirical verification, signaling the need for further research that can evaluate and validate these findings in actual legal practice.

Entopallium Lost GFAP Immunoreactivity during Avian Evolution: Is GFAP a “Condition Sine Qua Non”?

Introduction: The present study demonstrates that in the same brain area the astroglia can express GFAP (the main cytoskeletal protein of astroglia) in some species but not in the others of the same vertebrate class. It contrasts the former opinions that the distribution of GFAP found in a species is characteristic of the entire class. The present study investigated birds in different phylogenetic positions: duck (Cairina moschata domestica), chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), and quails (Coturnix japonica and Excalfactoria chinensis) of Galloanserae; pigeon (Columba livia domestica) of a group of Neoaves, in comparison with representatives of other Neoaves lineages, which emerged more recently in evolution: finches (Taeniopygia guttata and Erythrura gouldiae), magpie (Pica pica), and parrots (Melopsittacus undulatus and Nymphicus hollandicus). Methods: Following a perfusion with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, immunoperoxidase reactions were performed with two types of anti-GFAP: monoclonal and polyclonal, on floating sections. Results: The entopallium (formerly “ectostriatum,” a telencephalic area in birds) was GFAP-immunopositive in pigeon and in the representatives of Galloanserae but not in songbirds and parrots, which emerged more recently in evolution. The lack of GFAP expression of a brain area, however, does not mean the lack of astroglia. Lesions induced GFAP expression in the territory of GFAP-immunonegative entopallia. It proved that the GFAP immunonegativity is not due to the lack of capability, but rather the suppression of GFAP production of the astrocytes in this territory. In the other areas investigated besides the entopallium (optic tectum and cerebellum), no considerable interspecific differences of GFAP immunopositivity were found. It proved that the immunonegativity of entopallium is due to neither the general lack of GFAP expression nor the incapability of our reagents to detect GFAP in these species. Conclusion: The data are congruent with our proposal that a lack of GFAP expression has evolved in different brain areas in vertebrate evolution, typically in lineages that emerged more recently. Comparative studies on GFAP-immunopositive and GFAP-immunonegative entopallia may promote understanding the role of GFAP in neural networks.

Vascular Plant Species Inventory of Mexico's Revillagigedo National Park: Awareness of Alien Invaders as a Sine Qua Non Prerequisite for Island Conservation.

The Revillagigedo Archipelago, located in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, stands out for its unique biological richness and endemism. These islands remained uninhabited until the second half of the twentieth century, allowing a better conservation status than on other oceanic islands. However, the continuous introduction of potentially invasive alien plant species, and the lack of adequate control or eradication actions, jeopardize the conservation and restoration of these islands' fragile ecosystems. We present the most complete vascular plant species inventory and an updated list of alien plant species of the Revillagigedo Archipelago, which was compiled through an extensive review of national and international plant collections and other sources. Our 272 species list includes 106 alien plant species (39.3%; 104 in Socorro, and 16 in Clarion): 67 (24.8%) are naturalized, 14 (5.2%) are casual aliens, and 25 (9.3%) subsist under cultivation. The documented alien species belong to 73 families. Annual and perennial herbs are the prevailing life forms in the alien flora, while naturalized species are primarily native to North America. The number of introduced species has increased significantly since the islands became inhabited. Many of the recently introduced species pose a major invasion risk like on other islands of the world.

Healthy Family Life: A Sine Qua Non For Sustainable Development

This study aims to raise awareness of the importance of enhancing family life and strengthening the family unit for the sustainable development of African society. When the family, the most significant social unit, is threatened, sustainable growth cannot be achieved. The central theme of this study is the importance of a healthy family life as a contributor to societal development. Parents in the society are now downplaying family values and ethics, which is considered as one of the main problems contributing to a number of troubles that are emerging in the society. This study demonstrates that poor parental involvement is one of the social elements that foster unhealthy family structures, which has serious negative effects on sustainable development. The paper x-rayed the passion that people now have for work in order to satisfy human wants and the neglects for home fronts thereby creating large gap in building virtues and moral life of their family members. In order to have a balanced and healthy society, that is free of stress, full of maximum productivity and conducive family living, it is crucial that work ethics and family life be given the desired attention in the society. This research demonstrates how important it is for parents to raise morally sound, well-educated children, which highlights the importance of striking a healthy balance between job and home life. The paper therefore conclude that every home should endeavour to uphold the sanctity of family life in order for the society to have sustainable development.

“Look Both Ways When You Cross the Street” – A Reporting Sine Qua Non

We discuss an interesting case of a 67 years old female patient with an abdominal lump leading to a reporting dilemma among female genital tract lesions in which even though clinical acumen, radiological findings and gross examination of the resected specimen pointed towards a certain malignant provisional diagnosis, actually turned out to be a rare benign entity of Aggressive Angiomyxoma when seen under the microscope and proved on immunohistochemistry, pressing upon the importance of correlation of all the findings (clinical, radiological, gross and microscopy) while making a diagnosis. We also press upon the gravity of proper communication between the reporting pathologist and treating physician for the best possible patient management.

Real Earnings Management Sine Qua Non Book-Tax Differences in Tax Avoidance of Mining Sector Companies in Indonesia

This study aims to prove the effect of book income that can be manipulated through real earnings management activities on book-tax differences that appear to be interrelated but have not been widely studied. Researchers want to prove the coupling relationship (sine qua non) between real earnings management and book-tax differences based on rational choice theory as the main theory. Tests were conducted on 43 sample companies in the mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018–2021. The analytical method used is panel data regression with the help of EViews (Econometric Views) version 12. The results prove that there is an effect of abnormal cash flow and abnormal discretionary expenses on book-tax differences, while abnormal production costs have no effect. Furthermore, the same result is also obtained when the reverse test is conducted, namely book-tax differences in real earnings management. The reciprocal test gives the result that book-tax differences affect abnormal operating cash flows and abnormal discretionary expenses but do not affect abnormal production cots. Meanwhile, the alignment of the reciprocal relationship between abnormal cash flow operations and abnormal discretionary expenses to book-tax differences shows the relationship (sine qua non) between real earnings management and book-tax differences. The contribution of this research proves that book-tax differences are the output of real earnings management, so the amount can be used as an indicator if a company manipulates earnings. Therefore, it is important for the government, especially the Directorate General of Taxes as a policymaker to start considering the amount of book-tax differences in a certain range that is permitted for companies. In addition, it can be followed up by issuing additional tax regulations if needed to minimize tax avoidance.

Edge of Chaos Explains Prigogine’s Instability of the Homogeneous

One of the complex phenomena, which most attracted the attention of the scientific community over the past few decades, is the emergence of diffusion-driven instabilities in homogeneous cellular media. Explaining this symmetry-breaking process, which the Russian luminary Ilya Prigogine referred to as the Instability of the Homogeneous, is only possible upon invoking the Physics Law of the Edge of Chaos. While the emergence of inhomogeneous static or dynamic periodic solutions in biological reaction-diffusion systems was recently reproduced in two-cell networks, leveraging the Negative Differential Resistance of certain volatile memristors, so far, to the best of our knowledge, no cellular array was ever found to undergo dissipation-induced dynamical phenomena of higher complexity, including a route to chaos, or an uncontrollable upsurge in the respective physical variables. This manuscript determines all the possible sets of conditions on the parameters of a one-port, extracted from the classical Chua circuit, enabling to poise it on some stable and locally-active operating point, employing a deep mathematical analysis, focusing on the properties of its local impedance. The polarisation of the one-port on some Edge of Chaos operating point is the Conditio Sine Qua Non for the Destabilisation of the Homogeneous Solution, resulting in the steady-state appearance of high-order dynamical phenomena, as outlined above, in a simple Reaction-Diffusion Cellular Nonlinear Network, where a linear and passive resistor, interposed between two identical copies of the one-port, lets them interact by means of a diffusion process. Notably, as demonstrated here, whether or not the dissipative coupling path may truly succeed in moving each of the two one-ports of the two-cell array, under study, away from the respective common Edge of Chaos operating point, depends critically upon the satisfaction of the logical disjunction between three inequalities, which enforces the instability of the denominator polynomial of the rational function associated to the local input impedance of the cellular array, as seen across either of the two one-ports.

The Paradox of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance: Restoration of Pulmonary Capillary Recruitment as a Sine Qua Non for True Therapeutic Success in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Exercise-induced increases in pulmonary blood flow normally increase pulmonary arterial pressure only minimally, largely due to a reserve of pulmonary capillaries that are available for recruitment to carry the flow. In pulmonary arterial hypertension, due to precapillary arteriolar obstruction, such recruitment is greatly reduced. In exercising pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, pulmonary arterial pressure remains high and may even increase further. Current pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies, acting principally as vasodilators, decrease calculated pulmonary vascular resistance by increasing pulmonary blood flow but have a minimal effect in lowering pulmonary arterial pressure and do not restore significant capillary recruitment. Novel pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies that have mainly antiproliferative properties are being developed to try and diminish proliferative cellular obstruction in precapillary arterioles. If effective, those agents should restore capillary recruitment and, during exercise testing, pulmonary arterial pressure should remain low despite increasing pulmonary blood flow. The effectiveness of every novel therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension should be evaluated not only at rest, but with measurement of exercise pulmonary hemodynamics during clinical trials.

The Application of the Conditio Sine Qua Non Principle on the Crime of Damage through Social Media

Technological sophistication is not the only cause of the rise of defamation cases. There are other contributing factors, from the perspective of the perpetrator, the criminal act of online defamation occurs because the perpetrator does not use social media wisely. On the other hand, from a regulatory point of view, the problem of formulating norms in the online defamation article is also a contributing factor. Formal offenses and complaint offenses (absolute) that are adopted in the article on defamation through social media cause various problems, which are then exacerbated by the absence of regulations regarding causality teachings and sentencing guidelines for judges in making decisions. This study aims to find solutions or alternatives that can be used to deal with the high number of cases of defamation through social media. This study uses a normative and prescriptive literature study, using a statutory, conceptual and doctrinal approach. The results of the study indicate that the use of the teaching of conditio sine qua non fulfills the concept of the deterrent effect theory which is the goal of sentencing and the goal of national development (policy direction), both ius constitutum and ius constituendum. The teaching of conditio sine qua non not relevant and coherent with law enforcement in defamation cases through social media, so it is necessery to regulate and guide of the causality teachings (certainty), or the renewal of norms in the formulation of defamation through social media.

The Application of the Conditio Sine Qua Non Principle on the Crime of Damage through Social Media

Technological sophistication is not the only cause of the rise of defamation cases. There are other contributing factors, from the perspective of the perpetrator, the criminal act of online defamation occurs because the perpetrator does not use social media wisely. On the other hand, from a regulatory point of view, the problem of formulating norms in the online defamation article is also a contributing factor. Formal offenses and complaint offenses (absolute) that are adopted in the article on defamation through social media cause various problems, which are then exacerbated by the absence of regulations regarding causality teachings and sentencing guidelines for judges in making decisions. This study aims to find solutions or alternatives that can be used to deal with the high number of cases of defamation through social media. This study uses a normative and prescriptive literature study, using a statutory, conceptual and doctrinal approach. The results of the study indicate that the use of the teaching of conditio sine qua non fulfills the concept of the deterrent effect theory which is the goal of sentencing and the goal of national development (policy direction), both ius constitutum and ius constituendum. The teaching of conditio sine qua non not relevant and coherent with law enforcement in defamation cases through social media, so it is necessery to regulate and guide of the causality teachings (certainty), or the renewal of norms in the formulation of defamation through social media.

School Segregation and Educational Equity. Institutionalization of School Segregation Monitoring, a Sine Qua Non Prerequisite for Policies to Promote Educational Equity

The article presents a public education policy tool as a model with international applicability designed for monitoring, analysing and assessing school segregation phenomenon. This instrument, developed by a UNICEF team that continued the pioneering efforts of a Romanian NGO (Advocay and Human Rights Center ), has special importance for educational equity and social welfare. The paper argues that the widespread adoption of this tool in the institutionalization of education systems is a necessary prerequisite for equalizing educational opportunities. A systematic, administrative use of such an instrument sets the premises for an adequate assessment of school segregation level, defined in accordance with the most relevant criteria and the various forms thereof. Moreover, due to such an instrument, public intervention means for systemic school desegregation can also be put forward. Conclusions of the paper argue about certain conditions, precautionary measures and risks associated with the process of implementing and using such a model.

Effective Classroom Management: A Sine Qua Non to Effective Teaching in a School Setting

A classroom is a place where a teacher teaches the learners and where the learners learn from a teacher. Being the workshop of a teacher where teaching and learning take place, the management of a classroom needs to be accorded priority attention. It is believed that if classroom management is given attention, so will effective teaching be achieved. In this paper, the issue of effective classroom management is examined, with a focus on the elements, such as the effective use of chalkboard, communication, use of teaching aids/instructional materials, evaluation of lesson, and management of behavioural challenges, such as noise-making, sleeping, fighting, reading, writing, eating, hissing, foot-dragging, just to mention a few; as well as the management of classroom environment, are examined. The paper recommends how to achieve effective classroom management and ultimately, effective teaching in a classroom setting, such as effective use of chalkboard, communication, use of instructional materials, evaluation of lesson, and management of behavioural challenges.

How to Become a Monastic Superior? Legal and Mundane Sine Qua Nons

The literary portrayal of the charismatic founders of monastic communities, and of their successors, abounds in descriptions of ascetic practices and devotion. However, the hegumenoi also needed to be individuals of the right standing and competence, as it was only such people who could properly represent the communities in relations with both lay and ecclesiastical authorities, secure the obedience of all the brethren, as well as efficiently manage the community and its assets. The nature and the exact procedure of superior’s appointment became increasingly relevant and began to interest both the church and the secular authorities once the monastic movement reached such a magnitude that it could no longer be left without proper institutional surveillance. In parallel, there was a growing awareness among monks themselves of the need to standardise the existing practices and experience. In this article I focus on the legal conditions delimiting the transfer of headship over monastic communities and their reflection in mundane reality. My aim is to see how documents of legal practice relate to the imperial legislation dealing with the appointment of the people in charge of the monasteries. The analysis of the superior selection process will allow for commenting on both the legal framework within which the monastic communities functioned, and the much broader issue of imperial policy towards the emerging holy houses. It should also enable some conclusions on the legal status of monastic communities and how it may have influenced the realities of appointing their administrative and spiritual heads.

The True Image of God as a Sine Qua Non Condition for Desiring New Life in Christ

If we understand the concept of “new life in Christ” as based on the revelation of God made in Jesus Christ, an intimacy with this God, implying its conse-quences, such as morality and worship adapted to this relationship, resulting from and leading to this intimacy, then it follows that this is a “new life” that cannot be realized if this basic condition, which is the possession of the true image of God, is missing. This issue, presented at the 54th Ecclesiological Week “Church of Saints” at the Catholic University of Lublin is exemplified by two subjects: the first par-ents, Adam and Eve, in whom the original sin blurred the true image of God, and the Immaculate Mary, free from original sin and, therefore, also from its consequence, which is an aversion to God and an intimate relationship with Him, dictated by a false image of Him. The main topic of the article has been enriched with the renewed concept of the intercession of the saints, who participate in the mission of the Advocate Spirit, resulting from the exegesis of the Letter to the Romans (Romans 8:26).