Sindh Province Of Pakistan Research Articles

Assessment of water quality parameters due to longitudinal salinity inundation at Indus Delta: a case study of Kharo Chan, District Sujawal

Deltas are landforms that are formed at the regions where a river meets an ocean. When the freshwater of a river joins the saline water of an ocean, a transitional state of water is obtained. This zone of transition varies on the quantity of freshwater entering the ocean and the quality of both waters. Indus River is facing severe challenges due to climate change which has resulted in reduced water flow in the river. Consequently, seawater intrusion takes place which causes coastal erosion, stunted mangrove growth, and the narrowing of the river towards the seaside. The groundwater in the deltaic regions is unfit for drinking which forces an increased reliance on surface water. Sindh Province of Pakistan, particularly the coastal regions, suffers from severe water quality problems, affecting approximately 41% of the population. The population of this region is deprived of good-quality water for their daily use. This research aims to evaluate the physiochemical parameters of water in the Indus River to identify the zone of salinity inundation and determine safe zones for accessing surface water in the Indus Delta in the Sujawal district. Water samples were collected from Khobar Creek, ending in the Arabian Sea in the areas of Shah Bandar and Kharo Chan at an approximate interval of 5 km. These samples were analyzed for various physical and chemical properties. Properties were compared spatially to develop a relationship between distance and quality of water. Results indicate that the values of dissolved solids in collected samples are between 21,450 and 900 mg/L, pH was between 6.66 and 7.63, conductivity of the samples varied from 33,000 to 1385 µS/cm, acidity values were between 921.14 and 399.84 mg/L, hardness was in the range of 3654 to 192 mg/L, and the turbidity was in between 21 and57 NTU. It was revealed from the results that seawater is having a severe influence upto 15 km from the mouth of the creek in which not a single parameter except the pH was complying with WHO recommendations. In the interval of 15 to 30 km, some properties of water were complying with WHO recommendations, while some of them were deviating from the limits. It has been concluded that turbidity was improving while going toward the ocean, while Total Dissolved Solids, hardness, and chloride concentrations were increasing as water was getting closer to the sea while pH was found almost unaffected. The findings emphasize the need for addressing environmental degradation, social hardships, and economic challenges caused by these water quality issues. Ultimately, the quality of water is crucial for various activities specifically for drinking purposes, and its suitability for specific purposes is of utmost importance.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Catastrophic Health Expenditure in Sindh Province of Pakistan

This study aims to examines the socio-economic inequality in Catastrophic Health Expenditure(CHE) by using the data from the Household Integrated Economic Surveys. Catastrophic Health Expenditure(CHE) was computed using the ability-to-pay-approach. To assess socioeconomic inequality in CHE for the years 2018, both generalized and standard concentration Indices were used. The results of concentration index revealed that Catastrophic Health Expenditure(CHE) concentrated among the poor in Sindh. The inequality decomposition analysis reveals that wealth status was the main cause of the inequality. The upper wealth quantiles had larger contribution, while the lower quantiles showed smaller contribution to inequality in CHE. Further, employed head of the household, Educated head of household, private provision of healthcare, and inpatient access of healthcare were negative contributors to CHE inequality in Sindh.

Status of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Higher Secondary Schools of the Province of Sindh in Pakistan

Education for sustainable development (ESD) aims to educate the learners to make informed decisions and responsible actions for climate change, economic sustainability, and a peaceful society. This study aims to check the status of ESD in the higher secondary schools of Sindh province in Pakistan. This qualitative study was conducted in the selected public sector schools of two districts of the province during the period of July 2022 to December 2022. This study revealed that the status of ESD in public higher secondary schools of Sindh province is not satisfactory and schools are not providing adequate knowledge and information to students about core concepts of sustainable development. The outcomes of the study indicate the unavailability of ESD content in the syllabus, a lack of awareness of proper pedagogies among teachers and an inadequate learning environment. This study recommends introducing ESD concepts in the school syllabus and training the teachers in higher secondary schools.

Social Media Usage for Gratifying Information Need by University Students in Sindh Province, Pakistan

People use social media to gratify their informational needs in various fields like health, education, sports. Due to its great utility in politics, political communication on social media is studied by many scholars around the globe. However, very limited studies are carried out in Sindh province of Pakistan in this regard. This study fills the gap by providing research data about the use of social media among university students to seek political information. It employs a quantitative research design to collect data from 387 respondents from four general discipline universities of Sindh. The results revealed that university students in the majority use social media for political purposes. They seek political information about national matters more as compared to international ones and prefer news stories as they provide them with verified and updated political content. Moreover, Facebook is used more as compared to other networks for seeking political information.

Breeding and Nesting Behaviour of Red-Vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) in Shaheed Benazirabad District (Tropical Thorn Forest) Sindh Province of Pakistan

Breeding and Nesting Behaviour of Red-Vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) in Shaheed Benazirabad District (Tropical Thorn Forest) Sindh Province of Pakistan

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN SINDH PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN: ANALYSIS OF MAJOR CROPS IN EIGHT DISTRICTS

The objective of this study is to analyze the situation of major crops cultivated in Sindh province of Pakistan. The current study is based on secondary sources of data of the major crops such as wheat, cotton and sugarcane cultivated in different zones of Sindh province for instance upper, middle and lower Sindh.The discripitve analysis of study shows the cultivation area and production of three major crops such as wheat, cotton and sugarcane. High productivity of wheat was recorded in the districts of Khairpur, Ghotiki, Shaheed Benazirabad, Dadu and Mirpurkhas whereas low production of this crop was observed in the districts of Larkano, Badin and Tando Muhammad Khan. The production of cotton in the districts of Ghotiki, Khairpur, Shaheed Benazirabad, Tando Muhammad Khan and Badin was higher than the Dadu and Larkano districts. The situation of sugarcane crop remained better in the districts of Ghotiki, Shaheed Benazirabad, Badin, Tando Muhammad Khan and Mirpurkhas while two districts i-e Larkano and Dadu had less product of this crop. Average production of wheat stood 228,328.78 million tons (Mt) against cultivation of area 65,353.47 hectares. The average yield of cotton remained 216,829.92 bales against average cultivation area of 37,430.18 hectares. Average product of sugarcane recorded 1,381,970.18 Mt against average cultivation of area 22,763.13 hectares in eight selected districts of Sindh province during the period 2015-16 to 2019-20. The regression analysis of the time series data shows that temperature has significant effect on the productivity of the selected crops (i-e) wheat, cotton and sugarcane. While the rainfall has no significant effect on the productivity of the selected crops. The study suggests that government should concentrate to provide more facilities to growers in shape of small loans, subsidies, fertilizers and sufficient water during crops rotations. Moreover, the agriculture sector needs consistent policies to ensure rural employment.

Sustaining family bakeries in Pakistan: The role of internal marketing and entrepreneurship

Nowadays, climatic change challenges, consumer expectations, and concerns toward sustainability lead firms to consider responsible strategies for internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation that contribute to competitive advantage and economic and environmental performance. This paper analyses the direct impact of internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation on innovation and sustainability within the context of family businesses in the manufacturing sector in bakeries in Sindh Province in Pakistan. Information and data were obtained from 404 questionnaires applied in these firms during 2023. The methods include Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling to evaluate the measurement, structural models, and respective variables. Results confirm a significant direct influence of internal marketing on entrepreneurial orientation and innovation towards the sustainability of bakeries firms and emphasise the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation toward sustainability. Despite that, the firms haven’t improved significantly sustainable production practices during the last three years. On the other hand, the unit cost of bakery production hasn’t decreased during this period due to the reduction of energy or water use. Other results also confirm a significant concern with the customer’s needs, but without putting in practice more quality in the production process or reducing the relative production costs (at constant prices). However, bakeries firms must directly address sustainability in all production and customer sales processes, namely reducing energy inputs and meeting consumers’ needs concerning sustainable needs and goals. This study’s significance lies in its contribution to the existing body of literature by illuminating the intricate pathway of relationships between internal marketing, entrepreneurial orientation toward sustainability, and innovation and sustainability. A future direction involves extending this model’s applicability by examining its validity in other industries and service sectors, enriching the breadth of understanding beyond manufacturing industries.

The first report of Chiloloba acuta (Wiedemann, 1823) from Sindh, Pakistan

The study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 to investigate the dung beetle species in the Sindh province of Pakistan. A total of 31 specimens of dung beetle specimens were collected from various locations across 15 districts within the province. The specimens analysed in this study belonged to the genus Chiloloba. The study yielded significant findings, as it reported the presence of a single species within the genus Chiloloba, namely Chiloloba acuta (Wiedemann, 1823), which had not been previously documented in Pakistan. This discovery marks the first record of Chiloloba acuta within the country. In addition to identifying the species, the study provided a comprehensive morphological description of Chiloloba acuta. This description included detailed information about the physical characteristics and features of the species, allowing for better understanding and classification. Furthermore, the study investigated the distribution of Chiloloba acuta within the Sindh province, providing insights into its geographic range and potential habitat preferences. Overall, this study contributes to the knowledge of dung beetles in Pakistan, specifically in the Sindh province. The identification and documentation of Chiloloba acuta expands the understanding of biodiversity in the region and highlights the importance of ongoing research in documenting and preserving unique species.

Emerging Threat: First Case of West Nile Virus Encephalitis in Peshawar, Pakistan

West Nile Virus (WNV), once confined primarily to Africa, is now an emerging communicable disease in Pakistan. Clinical cases and serological evidence of WNV infection have been documented in both human and animal populations in the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. We report the first case of WNV encephalitis in an 80-year-old hypertensive and diabetic lady from district Peshawar. Sadly, the patient did not survive. This case highlights the importance of thinking of zebras in addition to horses when confronted with the sound of hoofbeats, as ‘zebra diagnoses’ do exist. Clinicians shall consider novel infections when evaluating patients with fever and altered mental status.

Production system and challenges of saline aquaculture in Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan

IntroductionLack of data about saline aquaculture in Pakistan has curtailed informed policy and investment decision making resulting in undervaluation of and underinvestment in the sector. Therefore, saline aquaculture in Pakistan is today an underdeveloped sector despite its potential as an alternative livelihood for the country's rural farmers. This study represents one of the initial exploratory investigations into saline aquaculture systems in Pakistan, aiming to comprehend the existing sectoral landscape, production challenges, post-harvest constraints, and the associated capacity and investment needs.MethodsThe study employed purposive sampling to survey 121 low-income saline aquaculture farmers across five districts of Southern Punjab and Sindh provinces. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe results revealed that the saline aquaculture sector is predominantly male-centric, with agricultural land utilized for both agriculture and aquaculture purposes. Ponds, which usually serve multiple functions, focus primarily on carp production, but adherence to good management practices remains limited. Farmers face various challenges, including the high costs of feed and seeds, freshwater scarcity, inadequate technical knowledge, and marketing issues.Discussion and conclusionThis study serves as a foundational assessment, addressing data and information gaps crucial for supporting the sustainable development of saline aquaculture in Pakistan. To facilitate such development, the study recommends initiating programs to strengthen technical skills in saline aquaculture, together with the establishment of hatcheries and breeding stations for saline-tolerant species, aiming to reduce dependence on freshwater species in saline pond environments.

Estimation of regional and at-site quantiles of extreme winds under flood index procedure

Extreme winds are becoming more common among environmental events with the most catastrophic societal consequences. A regional frequency analysis of Daily Annual Maximum Wind Speed (DAMWS) is necessary not only for a comprehensive understanding of wind hazards but also for infrastructure design and safety, wind energy potential, disaster risk reduction, insurance and risk assessment in a particular region of study. This study investigated regional frequency analysis of DAMWS of Baluchistan and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. L-moments regionalization techniques along with flood index procedure were applied to DAMWS records of 21 stations from 1990 to 2019 across the study area. We intended to find the regional frequency distribution for maximum winds and predict the returns for extreme winds events in the future. Only one station namely Lasbella was found to be discordant. With the help of cluster analysis, the remaining 20 stations were further divided into two homogeneous. Heterogeneity measures validate that both regions are homogenous with allotted stations. Regional quantiles for both regions are estimated through best-fit probability distribution among Generalized Normal (GNO), Generalized Logistic (GLO), Pearson Type 3 (P3), Generalized Pareto (GPA), and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV). Robustness of GLO distribution compared to GEV distribution is assessed through Monte Carlo simulations of relative bias and relative root mean square error. Findings clearly show that GLO distribution is the best for regional modeling. Furthermore, with the help of index flood procedure we determined at-site quantiles of all stations for various return periods. These estimated quantiles are of valuable information for various sectors, including infrastructure, energy, disaster management, and climate resilience, leading to improved planning, development, and risk reduction in the face of wind-related hazards in Sindh and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan.

Managing menstruation during natural disasters: menstruation hygiene management during "super floods" in Sindh province of Pakistan.

Menstruation is part of women's normal life, which requires basic hygienic practices. Managing hygiene can be affected by several factors and situations such as natural disasters. Focusing on 'super flooding' in Pakistan's Sindh Province, we pay attention to how this 'natural disaster' has affected hygienic practices of menstrual cycle of women. The study meticulously examines the dynamics of menstrual hygiene management, encompassing the nuanced encounters with feelings of shame and embarrassment among girls and women situated in flood camps, schools, and community shelters. It also intends to highlight women's challenge and embarrassment to participate in the distribution process of essential resources such as pads. The insights garnered from this study hold potential relevance for various stakeholders, including policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and researchers, offering a nuanced comprehension of the intersection of menstrual hygiene, climate change, and well-being of women.

‘Are we equal citizens?’: a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of language textbooks and minority faith learners’ insights in Pakistan

ABSTRACT Language textbooks are discourse-led documents that contain official knowledge and construct specific learner subjectivities. Official knowledge embodies a worldview that serves the interests of dominant social group. In Pakistan, studies suggest that textbooks in general tend to distort the historical facts in favour of the national narrative. Using six language textbooks (Sindhi, Urdu, and English) taught at government-run schools in Sindh province of Pakistan, this study aims to understand how language is used to construct “Muslim identity”. Moreover, the study also considers minority faith language learners’ perspectives in order to understand their experiences and reactions. The analysis is informed by Fairclough’s (2001, 2003) writings on critical discourse analysis (CDA). The findings reveal that Muslim identity is constructed through a variety of discourses related to Islam. Furthermore, minority faith language learners perceive language learning spaces to be ideologically motivated, promoting a dominant religious identity narrative while disregarding diversity. The study recommends that the process of textbooks design should consider minority faiths to a considerable extent in the interest of inclusive and a sustainable society. The study has implications for wider global contexts, including Asia Pacific where language textbooks promote biases based on religion, gender, ethnicity, and language.

Impact of Social Media Tools on Knowledge Sharing among Students of Jamshoro Education City

An effective and inclusive exchange of knowledge is an essential part of a successful and practice-oriented in higher educational institutions. This study examines the factors influencing knowledge sharing among Students of Jamshoro education city higher educational institutions of Sindh province in Pakistan. The study was cross sectional and quantitative in nature. The survey was conducted among Students of 3 public sector higher educational institutions in Jamshoro education city. The convenience sampling technique was used to collect data through questionnaire. The questionnaires consisting of two main parts were used to collect the data. The first part collected demographic data and the second section included questions about social networking factors. Questionnaire distributed and Google form was used for data collection which was emailed to 600 respondents, 470 were respondents and filled the questionnaire, and 450 were evaluable and useful for data analysis. Questionnaire was developed from literature. Smart-PLS 4.0 version was used for measurement model and structural model. Results show that Data sharing, information technology, apparent enjoyment, shared benefit, and Information technology positively influenced knowledge sharing among the students. However, the availability of technology did not affect knowledge sharing among Students. Findings suggest that universities should encourage students to share their knowledge by designing courses notes and exams that integrate data sharing and information technology to promote enjoyment and awareness of the mutual benefits of knowledge sharing.

Determination of Water Requirements for Major Crops in Sindh Using Cropwat Model

Due to population growth and increasing urbanization trends, there is a shortage of water around the world. Irrigation systems are critical for increasing crop output and ensuring food security. Desertification caused by humans and water shortages have further exacerbated the world's regular water scarcity, putting a significant impact on food production. Water scarcity and rising food demands necessitate greater efficiency in water use, both in rain-fed and irrigated agriculture. Hence, it is the most demanding requirement for the farming community to use some type of irrigation planning to conserve the limited water resources. The purpose of this study is to calculate crop water requirements and irrigation scheduling for some major crops in Sindh using the CROPWAT model developed by FAO of United Nations. In this regard, selection from among the major crops cultivated in the Sindh province of Pakistan was made in such a way at least one crop from each category be included in this research. Accordingly, Wheat as Rabi, Rice as Kharif, Sugarcane as Perineal and Chili and Rape-seed Mustard as Cash Crops were selected. CROPWAT model calculates crop water requirements and irrigation scheduling from existing or new climatic- and crop-information. The Input crop data for CROPWAT software was obtained from various online resources and published information, whereas, climatic data incorporated in the CLIMWAT tool attached with CROPWAT was utilized. In addition, the software used average rainfall data of the particular years for each crop observed at DRIP Tandojam metrological station. The results of water requirements for the crops were obtained through CROPWAT model are: Wheat (352.1 mm); Rice (1662.5 mm); Sugarcane (2184.5 mm); Chili (714.4 mm); and Rape-seed Mustard (475.6 mm), while those by lysimeter were: Wheat (415 mm); Rice (1633 mm); Sugarcane 2150 mm); Chili (808.9 mm); and Rape-seed mustard (424.87 mm). These results delineate that there is decrease in crop water requirement of Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane and Chili to the tune of 15%, 1.5%, 11.6% and 1.7%, respectively, whereas an increase of 12% for Rape-seed mustard.

Detection of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease using Betasatellite-based Molecular Marker

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses has hampered cotton production across the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan and northeastern India. Eight species of begomoviruses in association with a single betasatellite “Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB)” have been reported to cause CLCuD. Objective: To detect early and efficiently Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) using betasatellite-based molecular marker. Methods: 3-7 samples leaves were collected from symptomatic cotton fields in selected five areas of cotton production in Pakistan. Total DNA was extracted from collected leaves using the Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Primers were designed by MUSCLE alignment tool and target region was amplified by PCR and amplification confirmed by performing gel electrophoresis. After DNA sequencing Phylogenetic analysis of the was carried out using software MEGA-X. Results: Amplified target region of483bp was observed by running 1% agarose gel. Comparison of DNA sequences revealed two nucleotide substitutions in DNA sequence from samples collected from Multan, Sakrand, Rahim Yar Khan and, while four nucleotide substations in sample collected from Vehari. High nucleotide substation in DNA sequence from Vehari as compared to other regions. Conclusions: In conclusion all of eight distinct begomoviruses causing CLCuD with CLCuMB is indicative of the fact that CLCuMB based molecular marker can be developed for detection of the disease. Early detection of disease will help the breeders and farmers to manage the disease.

Effects of dietary supplementation of selenium and moringa oleifera leaves on growth performance of pre-pubertal Kundhi buffalo bull calves

The Kundhi buffalo, a unique and robust breed of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), is native to the Sindh province in Pakistan. This breed is well-adapted to the local environment and known for its excellent milk production, meat quality, and draught power. There is a growing need to develop strategies that focus on the sustainable conservation and genetic improvement of this breed to preserve its valuable traits for future generations. Twelve young bull calves belonging to elite Kundhi buffaloes (observed phenotypically) were obtained from progressive farmers based on their parent's performance records. The bull calves, aged approximately 10-15 months, were initially weighed (rages from 150 to 200 kg) and randomly divided into three groups, namely C, S, and M, each group were comprising 04 animals. Group C was designated as the control group and fed basal diet only, while calves belonging to Group S were given a dietary supplement of Selenium Yeast Sel-Plex®, with a dosage of 0.3mg/kg dry matter and Group M was treated with Moringa olifera leaves (dried) at the rate of 100g/ animal. This experiment was conducted for 12 weeks. The results of present study indicated that significantly (P<0.05) higher monthly body weight gains (14.05 kg/month) were recorded in Kundhi buffalo bull calves of S followed by the M (11.67 kg/month) in comparison to the C group (9.75kg/month) of the animals. The positive coefficient of correlation was seen between age and body weight in all tested subjects. In terms of the body conformation; the monthly developmental gains of the heart girth, body length, and height were observed significantly (P< 0.05) higher (11.2, 8.89 and 8.94 cm) in S, followed by M (8.23, 4.89 and 6.39 cm) in comparison to the control bull calves (4.74, 3.58 and 3.27 cm), respectively. High levels of the testosterone (0.481 ng/ml) were determined in the bull calves of S, followed by M (0.33 ng/ml) in comparison to C (0.208 ng/ml) group. The monthly gains of the scrotal circumference were recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher (1.65 cm) in the S, than to M (1.21 cm) and that of control (0.40 cm) group calves

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers (HCWs) in Sindh Province of Pakistan

BackgroundIn Pakistan, the COVID-19 outbreak posed a significant challenge for healthcare workers in the country’s public hospitals. The HCWs faced several problems in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore this study investigated how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the medical staff at the public hospital in Sindh Province, Pakistan.MethodsIn this study, a qualitative exploratory design was used. Semi-Structure interviews (SSI) were conducted by using an open-indeed questionnaire (OIQ) for data collection. An inductive approach was used for theoretical data analysis. A total of 320 HCWs participated to complete the criteria of the study from 10 different public hospitals.ResultsThe study result showed the Sindh public hospital’s insufficient infrastructure, lack of health protective equipment, shortages of isolation rooms and beds, and emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic caused HCWs to experience physical and psychological weariness, sleep disturbance, mental stress, and fear of infection.ConclusionThe study concluded that public hospitals’ insufficient infrastructure, furniture, emergency wards, and safety equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly damaged HCWs’ physical and psychological health, generating fear of infection and sleep disturbance. Additionally, Sindh healthcare workers’ fear of illness and isolation may impair family connections.

Medical Students’ Attitudes towards Profession of Psychiatry- A Cross-Sectional Survey from Medical Colleges of Sindh, Pakistan

Objectives: To Evaluate Students’ Attitudes Towards the Profession of Psychiatry. Study Design And Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, from March 2020 to August 2020. All undergraduate students of different medical colleges and universities in Sindh were included in the study Methodology: A total of 512 undergraduate students were registered in the study. Multiple email invitations with links to Google Forms were sent to all undergraduate participants. The study comprised 2 sections: (1) The Demographics Questionnaire and (2) Mental Illness Clinicians Attitude Scale (MICA), version-2 specific for medical students, a selfadministered scale, requiring about 5 minutes to complete it. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of 512 medical students surveyed from various medical colleges in the Sindh province of Pakistan, 279(54.5%) were male and 233(45.5%) were female. According to the survey, 65% of students learn psychiatry because it is in exams. Dow University of Health Sciences students had the lowest MICA score (41.06), indicating a positive attitude. whereas students from Hamdard College of Medicine & Dentistry had the highest MICA score (57.12), indicating a negative stigmatizing attitude. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that undergraduates have a negative attitude toward mental health. In Pakistan, the subject of psychiatry is not tested as an individual subject, so students pay little attention. It is necessary that this subject be examined separately like medicine and surgery.

Analysis of Jamrao canal for potential of hybrid photovoltaic/hydrokinetic turbine system

The rapid depletion of fossil fuels, increased electricity consumption, and global environmental concerns have led to shift electricity generation from non-renewable to renewable energy sources. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is increasing with significant land requirement. To conserve this valuable land and water evaporation, PV panels are being installed on water bodies such as irrigation canals, lakes and dams. Researchers have found that hybrid power generation systems are more efficient than single power generating system, thus by covering canals with solar panels and harnessing the kinetic energy of flowing water using hydrokinetic turbines (HKT), a massive amount of electricity can be generated. The Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software is used in this study to stimulate and acquire the best results and configuration for a hybrid PV/hydrokinetic system in district Sanghar of Sindh province in Pakistan. Model is designed by covering the 1 km canal surface with PV and the hydrokinetic turbines along with it. The overall potential for 1 km length of canal for both PV/hydrokinetic turbine system is found around 2.8 MW with payback period in 5.7 years and by saving 324.58 million cubic meters of water in terms of evaporation with annual saving in GHG emissions of 416,451.74 kg/yr.