Simultaneous Reading Research Articles

Application of CDMA for anti-collision and increased read efficiency of multiple RFID tags

This research presents analysis and demonstration of the application of code-division multiple access (CDMA) to radio frequency identification (RFID), particularly for the simultaneous reading of multiple RFID tags. The research investigates current techniques and algorithms for resolving collisions among multiple tags while they are transmitting simultaneously. Typical store and warehouse environments under possible worst-case scenarios have been studied. The result of this research is the recommended implementation of a CDMA RFID method of reducing the number of reads and the removal of some inter-tag interference.

All-optical axially multi-regional super resolved imaging

In this paper we present a new approach of all-optical extended depth of focus providing two (or more) discrete ranges of focused imaging for close as well as far ranges. The fact that the extended depth of focus is not continuous allows obtaining improved contrast in the two (or more) axial regions of extended depth of focus. The design is aimed for the cell phone camera applications where dual range extended depth of focus can allow simultaneous reading of business cards at very short distance as well as very high contrasted imaging at far range.

Two of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Pan Poems and Their After-Life in Robert Browning's "Pan and Luna"

Two of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Pan Poems and Their After-Life in Robert Browning's “Pan and Luna” Corinne Davies (bio) Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "The Dead Pan" (1844) and "A Musical Instrument" (Cornhill Magazine, 1860) draw on the figure of the goat-god Pan to deal with aesthetic issues of poetic process and product, with theological issues of belief and godhead, and with complex cultural issues of sexual desire and violation of the woman. After her death, Robert Browning (RB) edited EBB's Last Poems, 1862 which included "A Musical Instrument." Much later, he, too, utilizes the figure of Pan in "Pan and Luna" (1880) and like EBB in "A Musical Instrument" revises the politics and dynamics of the classical and romantic chase, as well as the art which encodes the sexual encounter. In seeing the stories and the writing from the woman's point of view, the Brownings re-think and re-articulate traditional responses to the Pan material. In "A Musical Instrument," EBB foregrounds the role of the nymph Syrinx in the Pan myth from Ovid's Metamorphoses Book One, while in his "Pan and Luna," RB foregrounds the role of the moon goddess, Luna. RB's poem is as much about EBB's previous Pan poems as it is about Virgil's poetic version of Pan, the white fleece, and Luna in lines 391-393 from the third book of the Georgics. In his re-telling, RB interrogates transmissions and readings of this Pan myth, after he has written Pompilia's monologue in The Ring and the Book (1868). The story of Pompilia's marital rape and murder presents, among other things, Browning's responses to the current social outcry against domestic violence,1 and his responses to EBB's treatment of Marian's rape in Aurora Leigh (1857). In the writing of "Pan and Luna," he remembers these violations and also Syrinx's in "A Musical Instrument." The dialogues on high art, power relations, and sexuality which the Brownings began in their courtship letters continue in their poetry during the sixteen years of marriage and even after Elizabeth's death. Obviously a small part of that dialogue, the poetic interactions in these three Pan poems provide the material for examination here. [End Page 561] As Mary Rose Sullivan pointed out in 1987, the Brownings in their love letters "considered themselves engaged in a unique poetic as well as personal partnership."2 She and many others over the years have felt the mutual influence, but found the proving elusive. Joint studies on the married poets have used words like "interchange," "exchange," "reciprocity," and "in the poetic relation."3 In her recent book, Mary Sanders Pollock has chosen to organize alternate chapters on the Brownings' poems around the dialogic nature of the "creative partnership"; her study of the Brownings' dialogue stops for the most part in the mid-1850s with EBB's Aurora Leigh and RB's Men and Women.4 Britta Martens, in this journal last year, has argued from a very different position for "oppositions between EBB's and [RB's] own irreconcilable poetics."5 And yet relations among the poems do exist, and the reading of the poems together, rather than in alternating chapters or in opposition, does flesh out the patterns to which the Brownings themselves alluded in their letters and poetry. Pan figures in many of the Brownings' poems: in EBB's The Battle of Marathon, "The Dead Pan," "A Reed," "Flush or Faunus," "Mountaineer and Poet," Aurora Leigh, "A Musical Instrument"; and in RB's "The Bishop Orders His Tomb," "Bishop Blougram's Apology," The Ring and the Book, "Pheidippides," and "Pan and Luna." Intriguing patterns emerge from a simultaneous reading of the three Pan poems which focus most exclusively on the Pan myths. The lines of transmission and revision point to RB's continuation of EBB's feminist poetics almost twenty years after her death. My analysis of "The Dead Pan," "A Musical Instrument," and "Pan and Luna" will maintain a double focus by attending not only to the Brownings' textual interactions, but also to the gendered assumptions underlying their Pan poetry. Strange and mysterious struggles in the poetry...

Utility of Sagittal Reformatted Computerized Tomographic Images in the Evaluation of the Frontal Sinus Outflow Tract

Anatomic and mucosal obstruction of the frontal sinus outflow tract (FSOT) can result in frontal sinusitis often associated with frontal headache. Thorough evaluation of symptomatic patients requires axial and coronal computerized tomographic (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses (PNS). With the advent of multichannel multidetector CT scanning, the availability of high-quality sagittal images has become increasingly widespread. However, the utility of these images in the assessment of FSOT patency has not yet been established. A retrospective review of coronal and sagittal images from 25 PNS CT scans (50 sides) were randomized, blinded, and independently evaluated by two neuroradiologists. FSOT obstruction by agger nasi cells, the ethmoid bulla, and mucosal disease was assessed. A degree of confidence was rendered for each of these findings. The results were then compared against a consensus diagnosis, which was rendered based upon simultaneous reading of the coronal and sagittal images. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the difference between sagittal and coronal images in terms of reader confidence and diagnostic concordance with the consensus. Review of sagittal images had a higher degree of concordance with the consensus than did coronal images, and was highest for mucosal disease. Both readers were more confident in rendering a diagnosis based upon the sagittal images. Sagittal reformatted CT images of the PNS are helpful in the radiologic evaluation of the FSOT. Experienced neuroradiologists had a higher degree of confidence in the diagnosis of the obstruction of the FSOT using sagittal reformatted images.

New approach to writing and simultaneous reading of micropatterns: combining surface plasmon resonance imaging with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM).

This work establishes the compatibility of surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPR-i) with the visualization of localized electropolymerization. The "writing" of polypyrrole and polypyrrole-oligonucleotide patterns onto thin gold films is demonstrated using scanning electrochemical microcopy (SECM), while an optical method, SPR-i, simultaneously detected the formed micropatterns. The combination of these two methods, SECM/SPR-i, has the advantage of not only controlling the patterning process but also providing unique information on the micropattern formation. The influence of the pulsing time and the monomer concentration on the spot size and its characteristics has been investigated in detail using SPR-i. Fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy have also been used to support the data obtained by SPR-i.

Grim Pleasures: Statius's Poetic Consolationes

Through a simultaneous reading of the Thebaid and the Silvae, this paper demonstrates that Statius co-opts the feminine genre of lamentation—traditionally constructed as dangerous and excessive—in order to seduce his audience with the grim pleasure of indulging in grief. By moving women's voices closer to the center of his epic poem than Vergil did in the Aeneid, Statius turns the Thebaid into a platform of consolatory public discourse similar to the consolationes in the Silvae. In his poetic creations, he gives voice to silenced pain in opposition to the program of the philosophical consolatio, which had relegated violent laments to a position outside the scope of civilized self-expression. Through the transforming power of art, Statius sublimates the expression of human pain and grief into a cathartic consolatio.

New satellite sensor and method for the direct measurement of the planetary albedo, results for 1999, 2000 and 2001 in South America

The second satellite of the Brazilian Complete Space Mission (SCD2/MECB) was launched on October 23, 1998 and it hosts a solar cell experiment. The solar cell senses visible radiation (400–1100 nm) and permits the simultaneous inference of direct insolation and the insolation that is reflected outside of the earth. The global albedo is obtained using the ratio between these two values after spherical angular corrections. The SCD2 has a circular orbit 750 km high and its spin is 35 rpm. The solar cell data are transmitted in real-time and received by the ground station of Cuiabá, MT-Brazil (16°S, 56°W), which limits their spatial coverage to South America. The albedo data can be grouped in periods of time (annual, seasonal or monthly) or studied for several places during the orbit time. A new method to obtain the planetary albedo is tested through a numerical simulation using the data (cloud and land area) extracted from a GOES image. The solar cell experiment albedo values are shown as a function of SCD2 satellite orbit time to six local in South America. The values are in the range between 6% and 68%. The statistic analysis of the main values (minimum, maximum, mean and deviation) is done for 1999, 2000 and 2001. The results show several climate characteristics. For example, Recife-PE (8°S, 35°W) has good weather nearly all-year round. São Paulo (24°S, 47°W), in contrast, is famous for weather instability, with temperatures governed by cold fronts that come suddenly from the south. The described method for evaluating the planetary albedo of the earth starts from a simple and relatively inexpensive experiment and does not rely upon sensor calibration because the measure is self-calibrated by the simultaneous reading of both irradiation peaks, namely, from the sun and its reflection by the earth, during each spin of the satellite.

Spurious reporting of nocturnal hypoglycemia by CGMS in patients with tightly controlled type 1 diabetes.

The Medtronic MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) is designed to continuously monitor interstitial fluid glucose levels within a range of 40-400 mg/dl. It is considered an important tool for overnight glucose monitoring. The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy of this system in individuals with tightly controlled diabetes. Seven adolescents and young adults with HbA(1c) levels 6.6 +/- 0.6% (range 5.7-7.1) were admitted to the Clinical Research Center. Simultaneous glucose measurements obtained by glucose analyzer, Accu-Check Advantage meter, and CGMS were compared. The analyzer levels were considered the standard. The CGMS results were lower than analyzer readings in 74% of simultaneous pairs of tests performed during the 24-h period; the average correlation was 0.76. There was a trend for the poorest correlation to occur in patients with the narrowest range in daily glucose levels. When the lowest CGMS reading of the night was compared with the simultaneous analyzer reading, the CGMS level was lower in all cases by an average of 38 +/- 15%. In six of seven patients, the discrepancy was believed to be clinically significant; in at least four patients, overnight glucose levels reported by CGMS were falsely low, in a range that might have resulted in inappropriate reduction of overnight insulin dose. CGMS reports of asymptomatic nighttime hypoglycemia may be spurious and should be interpreted with caution in patients with tightly controlled diabetes.

A Comparison of Mothers' Individual and Simultaneous Book Sharing With Preschool Siblings

Many studies have demonstrated that adults fine tune book-sharing discussions to the developmental levels of preschoolers, but little is known regarding how reading simultaneously to different-aged preschoolers is negotiated. We observed five mothers of different-aged preschoolers sharing books with each child individually and with both children together. Analyses focused on the linguistic complexity of the book, the amount of time spent sharing a book, and on several aspects of the mothers' book-sharing mediation. Results revealed developmental differences on several measures of how mothers mediated with younger as compared to older children individually. Book complexity, the time spent sharing books, and the percent of utterances at higher levels of abstraction were higher when reading to the older children; the number of mediation strategies per minute and the percent of mothers' behaviors that were used to get and maintain attention were higher when reading to the younger children. When reading to both children simultaneously, which aspects of the mediation fell at these different levels varied among the different mothers. This suggests that different mothers reach different solutions to the task of simultaneously reading to preschoolers of different ages. One mother approached the simultaneous book sharing much as she did sharing a book with her older child, one mother approached it as she did with her younger child, one mother simply read and did little mediation, and two mothers appeared to use a mixed strategy in the simultaneous reading condition.

A Comparison of ALPHAScreen, TR-FRET, and TRF as Assay Methods for FXR Nuclear Receptors

New developments in detection technologies are providing a variety of biomolecular screening strategies from which to choose. Consequently, we performed a detailed analysis of both separation-based and non-separation-based formats for screening nuclear receptor ligands. In this study, time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), ALPHAScreen, and time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) assays were optimized and compared with respect to sensitivity, reproducibility, and miniaturization capability. The results showed that the ALPHAScreen system had the best sensitivity and dynamic range. The TRF assay was more time consuming because of the number of wash steps necessary. The TR-FRET assay had less interwell variation, most likely because of ratiometric measurement. Both the ALPHAScreen and the TR-FRET assays were miniaturized to 8-microl volumes. Of the photomultiplier tube-based readers, the ALPHAScreen reader (ALPHAQuest) presented the advantage of faster reading times through simultaneous reading with four photomultiplier tubes.

Method and system for acquiring a foreign language

A method and system for learning a foreign language by first switching-off subconscious translation into a native language with the help of special drills consisting of simultaneous: reading of a lesson in a foreign language; listening to the recording of the same lesson; and repeating said lesson. The simultaneous reading, listening and repetition results in the formation of a new link image—word block in a foreign language, that after multiple repetition becomes engrained in the new language speech center in the brain so that the next time an adult encounters a similar situation, the corresponding word block in a foreign language is pronounced by the learner automatically in the same way that it occurs in the native language. The method and system is further comprised of the step of simultaneously listening to a lesson, repeating the lesson aloud and writing any words that a learner recognizes and can write down. The method allows the user to learn a foreign language using a one-language approach of a generic book written entirely in the predetermined foreign language.

Development of an assay for label-free high-throughput screening of thrombin inhibitors by use of reflectometric interference spectroscopy.

We describe the development of, and analytical conditions used for, parallel affinity assay for thrombin inhibitors adapted to the first label-free optical screening HTS detection set-up fully integrable into a screening platform. To achieve compatibility with pharmaceutical libraries, an HTS-transducer was realized by gluing the bottomless scaffolds of 96- and 384-well plastic microplates on to transducer slides. The transducer are coated with a dextran, to ensure biocompatibility and functionality, and a known thrombin inhibitor was attached covalently to it. By adapting reflectometric interference spectroscopy for simultaneous reading of the whole transducer plate we were able to detect the binding of thrombin in all the wells of the microplates on-line, in parallel, and time resolved. By using an inhibition assay, the screening of 384 substances for thrombin activity can be performed within an assay time of less than 15 min. We also show that the data quality is high enough for parallel quantification of the IC 50 values of the library substances.

Planning and the Politics of Markets: Some Lessons from Financial Regulation in Nepal

This paper calls for an explicit return to questions about the normative foundations of planning theory and practice. It argues that a simultaneous reading of Karl Polanyi with Friedrich von Hayek can contribute to developing an ethical basis for tempering market rationality with social rationality in the current global economic conjuncture. Empirically, the paper investigates recent initiatives in Nepal to provide social protections (à la Polanyi) through financial market rules. In the face of threats to the progressive legacy in planning practice posed by the prevailing neoliberal orthodoxy, Nepal's targeted lending policies and microcredit programmes offer some optimism about the potential to embed welfare provisions within market regulation, especially when compared to developments in other countries. At the same time, however, the perspectives of rural women explored here through critical ethnography raise key questions about the capacity of these regulations to generate social opportunity and highlight a role for locally situated social criticism in progressive planning practice.

A p-channel MOS synapse transistor with self-convergent memory writes

We have developed a p-channel floating-gate-MOS synapse transistor for silicon-learning applications. The synapse stores a nonvolatile analog weight by means of charge on its floating gate, modifies this weight bidirectionally using electron tunneling and hot-electron injection, and allows simultaneous memory reading and writing. The synapse also learns locally-its weight updates depend only on the applied terminal voltages and on the stored weight. We fabricated an array of synapses that computed both the array output, and the weight updates, in parallel. We also demonstrated a self-convergent write procedure that permitted accurate initialization of the synapse weights. Our pFET synapse is small, and is operated at subthreshold current levels; it will permit the development of dense, low-power, silicon learning systems.

A four-color quantum well infrared photodetector

A four-color quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) has been demonstrated in this work. Four stacks of quantum well structures with four different detection wavelengths are sandwiched among three highly doped contact layers. The peak wavelengths of the four colors are centered at 4.7, 8.5, 9, and 12.3 μm. The 4.7 and 8.5 μm stacks are separated from the 9 and 12.3 μm stacks by a middle ohmic contact layer, and the change of peak detection wavelengths within the two-stack QWIPs is achieved by varying the bias voltage. Four different combinations of two-color simultaneous reading can be obtained. The detector could achieve simultaneous reading of four colors by adding two extra contact layers to the design with appropriate readout circuitry. By using a small number of quantum wells, we are able to use all four stacks for voltage-tunable detection with two terminals. In spite of using InGaAs/AlGaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs materials in the four stacks, the device shows excellent material quality and performance characteristics.

Mary Butts's "Unrest Cure" for The Waste Land

In 1928, Lost Generation writer Mary Butts published Armed with Madness, novel that utilized Arthurian grail-quest mythology to comment on the conditions of modernity. She was, of course, not the first to connect these themes: S. Eliot's celebrated long poem, The Waste Land, had been published in 1922. In journal entry from 1927, Butts half-jokingly complains that Armed with Madness well have been called 'The Wasteland.' Eliot always anticipates my titles. . . . Eliot and I are working on parallel, she says, but what is interesting is that he is working on the San [c] Grail on its negative side (Selections 172). A simultaneous reading of Eliot's The Waste Land and Mary Butts's Armed with Madness is fascinating precisely because these contemporary works have so much in common, and yet manage to present such different visions. Working from an understanding of the grail myth similar to Eliot's own and even utilizing elements of his topography, Armed with Madness is nevertheless nothing like mere reiteration of The Waste Land. Through its suggestion of readily available cures for the condition of barrenness and sterility illustrated in Eliot's poem, Butts's novel subtly critiques both Eliot and The Waste Land. Those who knew both Butts and Eliot might have anticipated the nature of Butts's response to The Waste Land. Even the physical presences of these two authors would have suggested critical differences in vision and tone. In her memoir Shakespeare & Company, Sylvia Beach describes Mary Butts who bounced in and out . . . in the Paris of the twenties, with her red cheeks and red hair, [and] wasn't melancholy (113). The Eliot of the same period showed artistic Bloomsbury a face tinted green with powder to look cadaverous (Gordon 5). Butts seems to have known nearly every artistic personality of Paris and London in the 191 Os and 1920s.(1) Her friends and admirers included Ezra Pound, Ford Madox Ford, E. M. Forster, H.D., and Marianne Moore (Blondel xv). Nevertheless, her situation as writer, in the late 20s, differed significantly from Eliot's. By this time, Eliot was established . . . the centre of London's literary society (Gordon 1). A member of the underground(2) living mostly in Paris, Butts was much less well known, despite the fact that her individual stories, her first collection of stories (Speed the Plough, 1923), and her first novel (Ashe of Rings, 1925) had all received critical acclaim.(3) While the conservatively clad Eliot prayed on the London subway during his daily commute to the offices of Faber and Faber (Gordon 6), Mary Butts was pub-crawling through Paris by night, squandering her meager income on opium and penniless men. Eliot and Butts knew each other, although they were never close friends. In 1920, Ovid Press, run by Butts's then-husband, John Rodker, had published Eliot's second book of poetry, Ara Vos Prec. In the 1927 journal entry in which she describes the parallel between Armed with Madness and The Waste Land, Butts indicates her sense of her relationship with Eliot. T. S. Eliot . . . the only writer of my quality, dislikes me and my work, I think, she says (qtd. in Blondel 186).(4) She then describes the incident that made after years 'see through' S. Eliot (not to lose an ounce of . . . admiration for his poetry). She recalls time when [Eliot] said: 'that - in some such way - the mandarins who went to M. Bergson's lectures the Sorbonne may have been said to have been using their minds.' An admirer of Eastern philosophy and culture, Butts claims that the provincialism of this racist comment is what at last . . . decided [her] against Eliot (Selections 172).(5) Her decision against him easily could have been influenced by other factors as well, including Eliot's refusal to write an introduction for Ashe of Rings, despite his pronounced esteem for this work (Blondel 416). In his post as editor of The Criterion, Eliot had also rejected number of Butts's stories in 1925 (Blondel 141). …

Upper Extremity Veno-arterial Shunting during Pediatric Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Upper Extremity Veno-arterial Shunting during Pediatric Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Inter-track interference free coding and equalization

A new coding technique using improved inter-track orthogonal coding (ITOC) was proposed for high track density and/or multi-track recording. The coding has, in principle, the ability to eliminate cross talk from adjacent tracks. The new coding was compared with direct NRZI by a computer simulation. The coding showed superior characteristics to the NRZI in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and bit error rate (BER) for additive and jitter noise. These simulation results were confirmed by experiments. Furthermore, to improve the performance of ITOC, PR4 and integral equalization for wave form equalization were also studied. It was shown that the new coding technique has a high ability to establish high track density recording with neither guard bands nor azimuth, and to realize a collective reading system of multi-track channel signals by a single head or simultaneous reading by array heads.

A Complementary Pair of Four-Terminal Silicon Synapses

We have developed a complementary pair of pFET and nFET floating-gate silicon MOS transistors for analog learning applications. The memory storage is nonvolatile; hot-electron injection and electron tunneling permit bidirectional memory updates. Because these updates depend on both the stored memory value and the transistor terminal voltages, the synapses can implement a learning function. We have derived a memory-update rule for both devices, and have shown that the synapse learning follows a simple power law. Unlike conventional EEPROMs, the synapses allow simultaneous memory reading and writing. Synapse transistor arrays can therefore compute both the array output, and local memory updates, in parallel. We have fabricated prototype synaptic arrays; because the tunneling and injection processes are exponential in the transistor terminal voltages, the write and erase isolation between array synapses is better than 0.01 percent The synapses are small, and typically are operated at subthreshold current levels; they will permit the development of dense, low-power silicon learning systems.

A Multitrack Coding Scheme Designed for Perpendicular Recording Using Double Layer Medium and MR Head

A new multitrack coding scheme is proposed as a preferable use in perpendicular recording using a double layer medium and an MR head. The coding uses combinations of three codes in 8 orthogonal codes based on Hadamard matrix elements. The new coding method has a high code rate and reliability because of the multilevel correlation detection due to simultaneous reading of three tracks. The performances are investigated by theoretical calculations, simulations and experiments.