Simultaneous Extraction Of Oil Research Articles

An emulsion extraction system composed of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent and water for synchronous extraction of oil and phenolic compounds from U.S. pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]

U.S. pecan nuts are rich in oil and phenolic compounds with important biological functions. At present, the reports about simultaneous extraction of oil and phenolic compounds are limited, and the traditional procedure is complicated and the yield is low. In this study, a new emulsion formed by hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) and water was used as extractant for synchronous extraction of oil and phenolic components from U.S. pecans, and subsequently the two were recovered from the upper and lower phases based on the incompatibility of DES and water, respectively. The oil and phenolic compounds obtained by the optimization of extraction conditions were 615.29 mg/g and 82.11 mg/g, respectively, which were higher than those obtained by conventional methods. At the same time, the extraction mechanism is discussed through the extraction kinetics and thermodynamics. The extraction process conformed to the Fick’s second law, and it was an endothermic process. After directional recovery by macroporous resin and back-extraction, the effectiveness of the method was proved by the analysis of fatty acid composition of oil, spectral characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities.

Simultaneous extraction of oil, protein and polysaccharide from Idesia polycarpa Maxim cake meal using ultrasound combined with three phase partitioning

This study explored the potential of ultrasonic-assisted three-phase partitioning (UTPP) to simultaneously extract lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides from Idesia polycarpa Maxim (IPM) cake meal, a significant byproduct of oil extraction. The impact of variables such as inorganic salt type, solid–liquid ratio, salt concentration, pH, ultrasonic time, temperature, and volume of dimethyl carbonate was examined. Based on the single-factor tests and response surface methodology (RSM), optimal conditions were identified as 30 % ammonium citrate, a 1:26 solid–liquid ratio, pH 3, 31 min of ultrasonic time, 30 °C temperature, and 15 mL of dimethyl carbonate. These conditions achieved extraction rates of 8.10 % for lipids, 5.03 % for proteins, and 10.03 % for polysaccharides, with recovery rates of 91.62 %, 83.08 %, and 93.95 % respectively. Chemical analysis showed the lipid fraction rich in linoleic acid, and the protein fraction high in glutamic acid, aspartate, and serine. The polysaccharide fraction, mainly RG-I pectin with a molecular weight of 226.58 kDa, exhibited strong thermal stability and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and glycation, suggesting potential for functional food and dietary supplement applications. This highlights UTPP as a sustainable method for effectively utilizing valuable compounds from IPM cake meal, outperforming traditional extraction techniques.

An Innovative Strategy of Comprehensive Utilization of Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.): Simultaneous Extraction of Oil and Glucose Syrup by Amylolysis-Assisted Aqueous Extraction Process

An Innovative Strategy of Comprehensive Utilization of Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.): Simultaneous Extraction of Oil and Glucose Syrup by Amylolysis-Assisted Aqueous Extraction Process

Simultaneous extraction of oil, protein and polysaccharide from residual seed cake of Camellia oleifera Abel. using three phase partitioning

The seed cake of Camellia oleifera Abel. (SCOC), a big residue produced after Camellia oil extraction, enriches with many bioactive components. However, it is often discarded directly due to the lack of cost-effective extraction. Herein, a three-phase partitioning (TPP) system is first time tried for the simultaneous extraction of three major ingredients i.e. residual oil, protein, and polysaccharide from SCOC. Results from the extraction yields show that the established method is more efficient or at least comparable to conventional techniques. The developed method takes only 1.5 h and can be carried out at mild temperature of 40 °C, making it a cost-effective method. The successful scaling up of the extraction system at a 30 L extraction tank confirms its scalability. Furthermore, compared with conventional extraction methods, the TPP extracts shows better product quality. These facts, along with simultaneous extraction features of the method, allow us to use TPP as a promising extraction technology of SCOC biomolecules.

Orange Peel Waste as Feedstock for the Production of Glycerol-Free Biodiesel by the Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata.

The bioconversion of agri-food waste into high-value products is gaining growing interest worldwide. Orange peel waste (OPW) is the main by-product of orange juice production and contains high levels of moisture and carbohydrates. In this study, the orange waste extract (OWE) obtained through acid hydrolysis of OPW was used as a substrate in the cultivation of the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata. Photoheterotrophic (PH) and Photoautotrophic (PA) cultivations were performed in OWE medium and f/2 medium (obtained by supplementing OWE with macro- and micronutrients of f/2 medium), respectively, for 14 days. The biomass yields in PA and PH cultures were 390 mg L-1 and 450 mg L-1, while oil yields were 15% and 28%, respectively. The fatty acid (FA) profiles of PA cultures were mostly represented by saturated (43%) and monounsaturated (46%) FAs, whereas polyunsaturated FAs accounted for about 10% of the FAs. In PH cultures, FA profiles changed remarkably, with a strong increase in monounsaturated FAs (77.49%) and reduced levels of saturated (19.79%) and polyunsaturated (2.72%) FAs. Lipids obtained from PH cultures were simultaneously extracted and converted into glycerol-free biodiesel using an innovative microwave-assisted one-pot tandem protocol. FA methyl esters were then analyzed, and the absence of glycerol was confirmed. The FA profile was highly suitable for biodiesel production and the microwave-assisted one-pot tandem protocol was more effective than traditional extraction techniques. In conclusion, N. oculata used OWE photoheterotrophically, resulting in increased biomass and oil yield. Additionally, a more efficient procedure for simultaneous oil extraction and conversion into glycerol-free biodiesel is proposed.

Simultaneous Extraction of Rapeseed Oil and Enzymatic Transesterification with Butanol in the Mineral Diesel Medium

Increasing environmental pollution is driving an increase in the production and use of biofuels. The cost price of biodiesel could be reduced by using low-quality oilseeds unfit for human consumption and by applying the simultaneous oil extraction and transesterification process, avoiding the oil pressure stage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the enzymatic biofuel production process (in situ) by using rapeseed with high oil acidity for simultaneous oil extraction and transesterification with a mixture of butanol and mineral diesel fuel. The investigation of the in situ process was performed using a mixture of butanol and mineral diesel and the most effective biocatalyst Lipozyme TL IM was selected. The novelty of this paper consists of the fact that mineral diesel was used as the oil extractant, and the amount chosen was such that, at the end, a mixture of fuel with a ratio 9:1 of mineral diesel to biodiesel was be produced. The experiments were carried out using ground rapeseeds under laboratory conditions. The efficiency of oil extraction was investigated by the FTIR spectrometry method, and the efficiency of transesterification was determined by the gas chromatography method. It was found that the optimal reaction duration was 7 h, reaction temperature was 40 °C, and lipase content was 6% (from the oil content in rapeseed). An oil extraction efficiency of 99.92 ± 0.04 (w/w) was observed at these conditions. A transesterification degree of 99.08 ± 0.08% (w/w) met with the requirements of the standards for biodiesel fuel. The physical and chemical properties of the produced fuel mixture met the requirements of the standards for mineral diesel and biodiesel; therefore, it can be used in diesel engines.

Effects of enzymatic extraction on the simultaneous extraction of oil and protein from full-fat almond flour, insoluble microstructure, emulsion stability and functionality

Lipid and protein extractability from food matrices has been challenged by the use of several sequential unit operations and flammable solvents to produce defatted flours. The effects of enzymatic extraction on the simultaneous extraction of lipids and proteins from full-fat almond flour, insoluble microstructure, and oil recovery from two different emulsion destabilization strategies (enzymatic and pH-shift) were evaluated. The physicochemical and functional properties of emulsion proteins were evaluated to elucidate the impact of both demulsification strategies on oil recovery and composition. Enzymatic extraction achieved 67% of oil and 77% of protein extractability while generating smaller protein fragments and a more porous insoluble structure. Enzymatic destabilization increased the degree of hydrolysis of the emulsion proteins from 8 to 22% while reducing their hydrophobicity from 1205 to 688. Moreover, it increased emulsion protein solubility from 33 to 50% (pH 5) while reducing its emulsification capacity from 731 to 324 g oil/ g. The changes observed in the physicochemical and functional properties of the emulsion proteins led to a 93% recovery of the extracted oil, highlighting the potential mechanisms involved during the emulsion breakdown. The almond oil fatty acid composition was not affected by the destabilization strategies evaluated, evidencing that enzymatic extraction followed by enzymatic destabilization of the emulsion is an effective and green strategy to maximize the extractability and recovery of oil and proteins from full-fat almond flour.

Analysis of Biological Degradation and Life Cycle Indicators of Mineral Diesel Fuel Mixtures, Containing 10% Biodiesel, Obtained by Simultaneous Oil Extraction and Transesterification

This article provides data on the environmental properties of biofuels obtained by the simultaneous extraction of oil from spoiled rapeseed and transesterification, with the addition of mineral diesel to the reaction mixture. The resulting reaction product contained 10% biodiesel: fatty acid methyl, ethyl, or butyl esters in mixtures with mineral diesel. The addition of biodiesel has been found to increase the rate of biodegradation of fuels. Such fuels are classified as partially biodegradable, according to the OECD classification. Life cycle analysis showed that the mixtures of biodiesel and mineral diesel have lower negative environmental impacts, compared to pure mineral diesel. The values of indicators such as abiotic depletion, acidification, global warming, ozone depletion, and human toxicity for these mixtures were 40–58% lower compared to the corresponding values for mineral diesel.

Ultrasound-assisted three phase partitioning for simultaneous extraction of oil, protein and polysaccharide from pumpkin seeds

The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction effects of the simultaneous extraction and separation of pumpkin seed oil (PSO), pumpkin seed protein (PSP) and pumpkin seed polysaccharide (PSPS) using ultrasonic-assisted three phase partitioning (UTPP). The effects of (NH4)2SO4 addition, t-butanol to slurry ratio, pH, sonication power, irradiation time and duty cycle on the extraction yields of PSO, PSP and PSPS were investigated, and the fatty acid profiles and basic physicochemical properties of PSO extracted by the UTPP process were examined. Based on the single-factor tests, the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were selected for numerical optimization to obtain the best response values. The optimal extraction yields of PSO, PSP and PSPS were 39.79 %, 14.30 % and 1.97 % at an (NH4)2SO4 addition of 30 g/100 mL, a t-butanol to slurry ratio of 1.0:1.0 (mL:mL), pH 5, an ultrasonic power of 118 W, an irradiation time of 20 min, and a duty cycle of 60 %. The fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of PSO extracted by UTPP were similar to those obtained by other methods. Therefore, UTPP is an efficient technique for the simultaneous extraction and separation of PSO, PSP and PSPS from pumpkin seeds.

One-pot process for simultaneously obtaining oil and sinigrin from field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) seeds using microwave-assisted biphasic extraction

In the present study, microwave-assisted biphasic extraction (MABE) was first and successfully applied to the simultaneous extraction of oil and sinigrin from field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) through a one-pot process. Four potentially influencing factors on the yields of oil and sinigrin, including the ratio of lower phase to solid, ratio of upper phase to solid, microwave irradiation power, and microwave irradiation time, were selected for further optimization by Box–Behnken design, and the optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows: ratio of lower phase to solid of 21 mL/g, ratio of upper phase to solid of 12 mL/g, microwave irradiation power of 389 W, and microwave irradiation time of 33 min. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the yields of oil (23.46 % ± 0.78 %) and sinigrin (18.42 ± 0.35 mg/g) from T. arvense seeds were maximized. The GC–MS analysis illustrated that the T. arvense seed oil obtained by MABE using n-hexane and water biphasic solvents and Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane solvent exhibited a similar fatty acid composition. The seed oil acquired by the efficient MABE demonstrated a higher quality due to its lower acid value and higher iodine value. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the cell structure of seed tissues was obviously disrupted compared with untreated raw material and that treated by the conventional extraction method. In general, the results indicated that the proposed MABE is an efficient method for the extraction of oil and sinigrin from T. arvense seeds.

Lipase-Catalysed In Situ Transesterification of Waste Rapeseed Oil to Produce Diesel-Biodiesel Blends

Rapeseed oil of high acidity, an agricultural industry by-product unsuitable for food, was used as an inexpensive raw material for the production of biodiesel fuel. The use of rapeseed oil that is unsuitable for food and lipase as a catalyst makes the biodiesel production process environmentally friendly. Simultaneous oil extraction and in situ transesterification using diesel as an extraction solvent was investigated to obtain a diesel-biodiesel blend. The diesel and rapeseed oil blend ratio was 9:1 (w/w). The enzymatic production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil with high acidity and methanol using eleven different lipases as biocatalysts was studied. The most effective biocatalyst, lipase—Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginosus), which is suitable for in situ transesterification—was selected, and the conversion of rapeseed oil into fatty acid methyl ester was evaluated. The influence of the amount of methanol and lipase, the reaction temperature and the reaction time were investigated to achieve the highest degree of transesterification. The optimal reaction conditions, when the methanol to oil molar ratio was 5:1, were found to be a reaction time of 5 h, a reaction temperature of 25 °C and a lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) concentration of 5% (based on oil weight). Under these optimal conditions, 99.90% (w/w) of the rapeseed oil was extracted from the seed and transesterified. The degree of transesterification obtained was 98.76% (w/w). Additionally, the glyceride content in the biodiesel fuel was investigated and met the requirements perfectly.

Global optimization for simultaneous extraction of oil and polysaccharides from Schizochytrium limacinum by enzyme‐assisted three‐phase partitioning

Marine algae are important sources of biological substances. Polysaccharides and oil in algae have a broad range of biological activities. The aim of our study was to develop a novel method for the extraction of polysaccharides and oil from Schizochytrium limacinum by enzyme-assisted three-phase partitioning. S. limacinum was pretreated by protamex hydrolysis for 2 hr, at pH 3.0, temperature of 45°C, and enzyme concentration of 2.0%. Response surface was used to analyze the three-phase extraction and Box–Behnken design was employed to model algae oil and polysaccharides. The following optimal conditions were obtained by global optimization: 34% mass fraction of ammonium sulfate, 1:2.4 ratio of slurry to t-butanol, 41 min time, 40°C temperature, 35.69% oil yield, and 5.16% polysaccharides yield. The polysaccharides exhibited potential antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, and reducibility assay. The results indicated that the algal polysaccharides may be used as a natural antioxidant in food. Practical applications The application on Schizochytrium limacinum is mainly to extract DHA, but the algal polysaccharide has not been used. Algae oil and polysaccharides are simultaneously extracted from S. limacinum by enzyme-assisted three-phase partitioning (EATPP). The results suggest the EATPP is a novel method to obtain simultaneously oil and polysaccharides.

Three phase partitioning for simultaneous extraction of oil, protein and polysaccharide from rice bran

Three phase partitioning (TPP) technique was used to extract oil, protein and polysaccharides simultaneously from rice bran. The fatty acid composition of rice bran oil (RBO) and structure of rice bran protein (RBP) and rice bran polysaccharides (RBPS) were analyzed. Under the optimal conditions of (NH4)2SO4 concentration 28% (w/v), slurry to t-butanol ratio 1:1.1 (v/v), pH 5.10, extraction temperature 40 °C and extraction time 1 h, the highest extraction yields of RBO, RBP and RBPS were 17.28%, 6.81% and 2.09%, respectively. The fatty acid composition of RBO was analyzed by GC, the structure of RBP was analyzed by FTIR and SDS-PAGE, and the structure of RBPS was analyzed by FTIR. The results were similar to those obtained by other methods. Therefore, TPP can be used as an effective technology for simultaneous extraction of oil, protein and polysaccharide from rice bran.

Application of Simultaneous Oil Extraction and Transesterification in Biodiesel Fuel Synthesis: A Review

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are leading to increased production and use of biofuels. The industrial development of biodiesel production and the use of biodiesel in the EU transport sector have been ongoing for almost two decades. Compared to mineral diesel production, the process of producing biodiesel is quite complex and expensive, and the search for new raw materials and advanced technologies is needed to maintain production value and expand the industrial production of biodiesel. The purpose of this article is to review the application possibilities of one of the new technologies—simultaneous extraction of oil from oily feedstock and transesterification (in situ)—and to evaluate the effectiveness of the abovementioned process under various conditions.

Simultaneous extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from pecan nut using pressurized solvents

This study investigated the extraction of pecan nut oil using pressurized carbon dioxide (P−CO2) and pressurized liquefied petroleum gas (P-LPG) at different temperature and pressure conditions. The effect of the variables pressure and temperature on the extraction yield, antioxidant activity, fatty acids, and bioactive compounds (squalene and β-sitosterol) were evaluated. The highest yields were observed at 250 bar / 20 °C and 10 bar / 20 °C for the P−CO2 and P-LPG extractions, respectively. All oils presented inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical above 70%. Oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in all samples. The highest values of bioactive compounds (squalene and β -sitosterol) were found in oils extracted with P−CO2.

Aqueous and Enzymatic Extraction of Oil and Protein from Almond Cake: A Comparative Study

The almond cake is a protein- and oil-rich by-product of the mechanical expression of almond oil that has the potential to be used as a source of valuable proteins and lipids for food applications. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the individual and combined effects of solids-to-liquid ratio (SLR), reaction time, and enzyme use on oil and protein extraction yields from almond cake. A central composite rotatable design was employed to maximize the overall extractability and distribution of extracted components among the fractions generated by the aqueous (AEP) and enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction process (EAEP). Simultaneous extraction of oil and protein by the AEP was favored by the use of low SLR (1:12.82) and longer reaction times (2 h), where extraction yields of 48.2% and 70% were achieved, respectively. Increased use of enzyme (0.85%) in the EAEP resulted in higher oil (50%) and protein (75%) extraction yields in a shorter reaction time (1 h), compared with the AEP at the same reaction time (41.6% oil and 70% protein extraction). Overall, extraction conditions that favored oil and protein extraction also favored oil yield in the cream and protein yield in the skim. However, increased oil yield in the skim was observed at conditions where higher oil extraction was achieved. In addition to improving oil and protein extractability, the use of enzyme during the extraction resulted in the production of skim fractions with smaller and more soluble peptides at low pH (5.0), highlighting possible uses of the EAEP skim in food applications involving acidic pH. The implications of the use of enzyme during the extraction regarding the de-emulsification of the EAEP cream warrant further investigation.

Simultaneous extraction of oil and tea saponin from Camellia oleifera Abel. seeds under subcritical water conditions

Camellia oleifera Abel. (Camellia oleifera) seeds oil and tea saponin were simultaneously extracted under subcritical water extraction (SWE) conditions. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing the SWE process by varying independent variables temperature (×1: 110–150 °C), extraction time (×2: 20–40 min) and solvent to material ratios (×3: 5:1–15:1 mL/g). The highest extraction yield of oil is 94.07% at the condition of 133.59 °C, 32.03 min, 10.79 mL/g with the tea saponin yield 71.38%, and the highest extraction yield of tea saponin is 74.21% with the oil yield 91.27% of the total content at the condition of 121.11 °C, 32.07 min, 8.33 mL/g. Analytical results showed that extracted oil has a similar fatty acid profile and quality as those of the cold Soxhlet extraction(SE) oils, and the oils extracted by SWE were even more resistant to lipid oxidation and more abundant valuable bioactive compounds than those of the cold-pressed(CP) oils.

Simultaneous extraction of oil and protein from perilla seed by three-phase partitioning and their application in serum

Simultaneous extraction of oil and protein from perilla seed by three-phase partitioning and their application in serum

Experimental Investigation on Adsorption Properties of Biochar Derived from Algae Biomass Residue of Biodiesel Production

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye was investigated by utilizing biochar (BC) generated from residue (DB) of Spirulina platensis algae biomass (AB) left after simultaneous oil extraction and transesterification for biodiesel production. The motivation of the study was to reduce the overall downstream processing costs of biodiesel which could help in strengthening its sustainability economically. The experiments for batch adsorption studies were performed to examine the adsorption rate of MB dye from aqueous solution using adsorbents such as BC, AC (commercially available activated carbon), DB and AB as a function of initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH of the solution. The better adsorption was observed in the case of AC and BC, i.e., 95.6% and 92.6% of dye removal, respectively, compared to other two absorbents, AB (85.2%) and DB (86.4%). The maximum removal of dye (92.6%) was obtained by BC at alkaline pH with adsorbent dosage of 0.2 g/100 mL and initial concentration of dye of 90 mg/L. The adsorption capacity, qo, of biochar was found out to be 57.80 mg/g. Comparing the results of all three isotherms, namely Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin, the coefficient of determination for Freundlich model was found to be the highest, and thus, it was selected as the most suitable isotherm to describe the equilibrium mechanics of dye adsorption. The production of BC from DB highlights that the waste residue of biodiesel industry can be alternatively used as adsorbent, enhancing the sustainability of algae biodiesel in an environmentally friendly manner.

Enzyme-assisted extraction processing from oilseeds: Principle, processing and application

Abstract Enzyme-assisted extraction processing (EAEP), feasible alternative to screw pressing and organic solvent extraction technologies, is a promising method for the simultaneous extraction of oil and protein from oilseed. This method incorporates comminuting, extraction buffers and enzymes to allow production of a range of oils and proteins although different challenges appear during the process. The demand for acceptable and high free oil yields and purities of protein is always incompatible in many processes. This review article covers technological aspects of EAEP, and discusses the application of enzymes in pretreatment, extraction and demulsification, and explores the quality characteristics and safety of the oils and proteins obtained, focusing particularly on recent application of EAEP at the laboratory and industrial scale. Industrial relevance 1. Enzymes are widely used on an industrial scale but mainly as catalysts, and the applications mainly concerning the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, compounds for chemistry of specialty, polymers, etc. 2. At the industrial scale, one advantage of EAEP is environment benefit because it can avoid the risk of organic solvents and particularly hexane. 3. The quality of the products produced by the smooth process is usually higher. 4. EAEP technique is considered as an alternative method to produce valuable products without loss of quality at moderate conditions. 5. Compared with solvent extraction, EAEP is more eco-friendly. Besides that, one of the main advantages of EAEP is the specificity of enzymes.