Simultaneous Cancer Diagnosis Research Articles

Multimodal lung cancer theranostics via manganese phosphate/quercetin particle

The diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in clinical settings face serious challenges, particularly due to the lack of integration between the two processes, which limit real-time adjustments in treatment plans based on the patient’s condition and drive-up treatment costs. Here, we present a multifunctional pH-sensitive core-shell nanoparticle containing quercetin (QCT), termed AHA@MnP/QCT NPs, designed for the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Mechanistic studies indicated that QCT and Mn2+ exhibited excellent peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity, catalysing the conversion of endogenous hydrogen peroxide into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals through a Fenton-like reaction, depleting glutathione (GSH), promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and inducing ferroptosis. Additionally, Mn2+ could activate the cGAS-STING signalling pathway and promote the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of activated T cells, thus inducing tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). Furthermore, it exhibited effective T2-weighted MRI enhancement for tumor imaging, making them valuable for clinical diagnosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that AHA@MnP/QCT NPs enabled non-invasive imaging and tumor treatment, which presented a one-stone-for-two-birds strategy for combining tumor diagnosis and treatment, with broad potential for clinical application in non-small cell lung cancer therapy.Graphical

A Three-In-One Heptamethine Cyanine Dye Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer.

One of the most significant challenges for image-guided cancer-targeted therapy is to develop multifunctional optical contrast agents enabling simultaneous targeting and therapy. Herein, a feasible strategy is based on the incorporation of therapeutic moieties into the non-delocalized structure of polymethine indocyanines, known as the "structure-inherent targeting" concept. By possessing a rigid chloro-cyclohexenyl ring in the heptamethine cyanine backbone, a new type of multifunctional near-infrared fluorescent dye, Ph790H, that targets tumor without the need for additional targeting ligands is synthesized. Armed with a phthalimide pharmacophore holding a prominent position in medicinal chemistry, Ph790H simultaneously induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to exert targeted therapeutic effects on HT-29 colorectal cancer xenografts. In terms of molecular mechanism, the lipophilic cationic Ph790H can be actively internalized into HT-29 cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Consequently, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction further induces activation of ER stress, demonstrated by increased ROS concentration and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, which contributes to cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor growth. Overall, Ph790H represents an effective "three-in-one" agent for the integration of cancer targeting, imaging, and therapy, which may provide a practical strategy to develop multifunctional small molecule theranostic agents for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Lysosome-Targeted Bifunctional Fluorescent Probe and Type I/II Photosensitizer for Viscosity Imaging and Cancer Photodynamic Therapy.

Abnormal lysosomal viscosity is closely associated with cancer progression, underscoring the need for bifunctional fluorescent probes and photosensitizers (PSs) that can both monitor viscosity and facilitate imaging-guided therapy for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and treatment. Despite advances in lysosome-targeted PSs development, few have demonstrated the ability to generate both Type I and Type II reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we present BTTPA, a lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe and photosensitizer, designed to integrate cancer diagnosis via viscosity imaging and cancer treatment through photodynamic therapy (PDT). Our findings reveal that BTTPA selectively targets lysosomes, enabling dynamic monitoring of cellular viscosity and distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells. Upon light activation, BTTPA efficiently generates both Type I and Type II ROS. Apoptosis assays further confirm BTTPA's effectiveness in inducing cancer cell apoptosis, highlighting its potential as a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Design Principles and Applications of Fluorescent Kinase Inhibitors for Simultaneous Cancer Bioimaging and Therapy.

Kinase inhibitors are potent therapeutic agents in cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is frequently restricted by the inability to image the tumor microenvironment. To address this constraint, kinase inhibitor-fluorophore conjugates have emerged as promising theranostic agents, allowing for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and treatment. These conjugates are gaining attention for their ability to visualize malignant tissues and concurrently enhance therapeutic interventions. This review explores the design principles governing the development of multimodal inhibitors, highlighting their potential as platforms for kinase tracking and inhibition via bioimaging. The structural aspects of constructing such theranostic agents are critically analyzed. This work could shed light on this intriguing field and provide adequate impetus for developing novel theranostic compounds based on small molecule inhibitors and fluorophores.

Advancements of metallic nanoparticles: A promising frontier in cancer treatment.

The incidence of cancer is increasing and evolving as a major source of mortality. Nanotechnology has garnered considerable scientific interest in recent decades and can offer a promising solution to the challenges encountered with traditional chemotherapy. Nanoparticle utilization holds promise in combating cancer and other diseases, offering exciting prospects for drug delivery systems and medicinal applications. Metallic nanoparticles exhibit remarkable physical and chemical properties, such as their minute size, chemical composition, structure, and extensive surface area, rendering them versatile and cost-effective. Research has demonstrated their significant and beneficial impact on cancer treatment, characterized by enhanced targeting abilities, gene activity suppression, and improved drug delivery efficiency. By incorporating targeting ligands, functionalized metal nanoparticles ensure precise energy deposition within tumors, thereby augmenting treatment accuracy. Moreover, beyond their therapeutic efficacy, metal nanoparticles serve as valuable tools for cancer cell visualization, contributing to diagnostic techniques. Utilizing metal nanoparticles in therapeutic systems allows for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and treatment, while also facilitating controlled drug release, thus revolutionizing cancer care. This narrative review investigates the advancements of metal nanoparticles in cancer treatment, types and mechanisms in targeting cancer cells, application in clinical scenarios, and potential toxicity in medicine.

Dual biomarkers-activatable hollow MnO2-Based theranostic nanoplatform for efficient breast cancer-specific multisite fluorescence imaging and synergistic therapy

BackgroundTheranostic nanoplatforms with integrated diagnostic imaging and multiple therapeutic functions play a vital role in precise diagnosis and efficient treatment for breast cancer, but unfortunately, these nanoplatforms are usually stuck in single-site imaging and single mode of treatment, causing unsatisfactory diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a dual biomarkers-activatable facile hollow mesoporous MnO2 (H–MnO2)-based theranostic nanoplatform, DNAzyme@H–MnO2-MUC1 aptamer (DHMM), was constructed for the simultaneous multi-site diagnosis and multiple treatment of breast cancer. ResultsThe DHMM acted as an integrated diagnostic and therapeutic nanoplatform that realizes multi-site fluorescence imaging-guided high-efficient photothermal/chemodynamic/gene synergistic therapy (PTT/CDT/GT) for breast cancer. The H–MnO2 exhibits high loading capacity for Cy5-MUC1 aptamer (3.05 pmoL μg−1) and FAM-DNAzyme (3.37 pmoL μg−1), and excellent quenching for the probes. In the presence of MUC1 on the cell membrane and GSH in the cytoplasm, Cy5-MUC1 aptamer and FAM-DNAzyme was activated triggering dual-channel fluorescence imaging at different sites. Moreover, the self-supplied Mn2+ was further supplied as DNAzyme cofactors to catalytic cleavage intracellular EGR-1 mRNA for high-efficient GT and stimulated the Fenton-like reaction for CDT. The H–MnO2 also showcases a favorable photothermal performance with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 44.16%, which ultimately contributes to multi-site fluorescence imaging-guided synergistic treatment with an apoptosis rate of 71.82%. SignificanceThis dual biomarker-activatable multiple therapeutic nanoplatform was realized multi-site fluorescence imaging-guided PTT/CDT/GT combination therapy for breast cancer with higher specificity and efficiency, which provides a promising theranostic nanoplatform for the precision and efficiency of breast cancer treatment.

Changing Prevalence of AIDS and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers in an Incident Cohort of People Living with HIV over 28 Years.

The introduction and evolution of antiretrovirals has changed the panorama of comorbidities in people living with HIV (PLWH) by reducing the risk of AIDS-defining cancers (ADC). By contrast, due to ageing and persistent inflammation, the prevalence and incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers have significantly increased. Therefore, we aimed at describing cancer epidemiology in our cohort over 28 years. We retrospectively included all PLWH in our clinic who ever developed cancers, considering features of ADC and NADC, from January 1996 to March 2023. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and survival were analyzed, comparing three observation periods (1996-2003, 2004-2013, and 2014-2023). A total of 289 PLWH developed 308 cancers over the study period; 77.9% were male, the mean age was 49.6 years (SD 12.2), and 57.4% PLWH developed NADC and 41.5% ADC. Kaposi (21.8%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (20.1%) were the most frequent cancers. Age at the time of cancer diagnosis significantly increased over time (41.6 years in the first period vs. 54.4 years in the third period, p < 0.001). In the first period compared with the last, a simultaneous diagnosis of HIV infection and cancer occurred in a higher proportion of persons (42.7 vs. 15.3, p < 0.001). While viro-immunological control at cancer diagnosis significantly improved over time, the proportions of cancer progression/remission remained stable. Overall survival significantly increased, but this trend was not confirmed for ADC. The probability of survival for ADC did not decrease as significantly as the number of ADC diagnoses over time. By contrast, NADC dramatically increased, in line with epidemiological studies and other literature data. The changing patterns of malignancies from ADC to NADC underline the need for public health interventions and the fostering of screening programs aimed at the prevention and early detection of NADC in PLWH.

The synthetic strategies of COFs, for drug delivery, photo/sono-dynamic, photo/microwave thermal and combined therapy

In recent years, there is an urgent need to discover synthesized anticancer drugs against drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) with different chemical constituents and functionalities have been attracted as a kind of crystalline porous polymeric materials for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and therapy purposes. The structural diversity and complexity of COFs were synthesized by various linkers including B–O covalent, imine, hydrazone, Schiff Base, triazine, azine, and β-KetoEnol. Synthesis strategies for preparing COFs including nanoparticles, thin films, and powder was introduced. COFs obtained from powder synthesis were prepared by thermoelectric, negative ion, microwave and sonochemical methods. COFs were utilized for drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), microwave thermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and combined therapy and combination remedy.

Upconversion Nanoparticles Intercalated in Large Polymer Micelles for Tumor Imaging and Chemo/Photothermal Therapy.

Frontiers in theranostics are driving the demand for multifunctional nanoagents. Upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based systems activated by near-infrared (NIR) light deeply penetrating biotissue are a powerful tool for the simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of cancer. The intercalation into large polymer micelles of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) provided the creation of biocompatible UCNPs. The intrinsic properties of UCNPs (core@shell structure NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+@NaYF4) embedded in micelles delivered NIR-to-NIR visualization, photothermal therapy, and high drug capacity. Further surface modification of micelles with a thermosensitive polymer (poly-N-vinylcaprolactam) exhibiting a conformation transition provided gradual drug (doxorubicin) release. In addition, the decoration of UCNP micelles with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized in situ by silver ion reduction enhanced the cytotoxicity of micelles at cell growth temperature. Cell viability assessment on Sk-Br-3, MDA-MB-231, and WI-26 cell lines confirmed this effect. The efficiency of the prepared UCNP complex was evaluated in vivo by Sk-Br-3 xenograft regression in mice for 25 days after peritumoral injection and photoactivation of the lesions with NIR light. The designed polymer micelles hold promise as a photoactivated theranostic agent with quattro-functionalities (NIR absorption, photothermal effect, Ag NP cytotoxicity, and Dox loading) that provides imaging along with chemo- and photothermal therapy enhanced with Ag NPs.

Smart Magnetic Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Cancer

Cancer remains the most devastating disease, being one of the main factors of death and morbidity worldwide since ancient times. Although early diagnosis and treatment represent the correct approach in the fight against cancer, traditional therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, have some limitations (lack of specificity, cytotoxicity, and multidrug resistance). These limitations represent a continuous challenge for determining optimal therapies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Cancer diagnosis and treatment have seen significant achievements with the advent of nanotechnology and a wide range of nanoparticles. Due to their special advantages, such as low toxicity, high stability, good permeability, biocompatibility, improved retention effect, and precise targeting, nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm have been successfully used in cancer diagnosis and treatment by solving the limitations of conventional cancer treatment, but also overcoming multidrug resistance. Additionally, choosing the best cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management is extremely important. The use of nanotechnology and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represents an effective alternative in the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of cancer using nano-theranostic particles that facilitate early-stage detection and selective destruction of cancer cells. The specific properties, such as the control of the dimensions and the specific surface through the judicious choice of synthesis methods, and the possibility of targeting the target organ by applying an internal magnetic field, make these nanoparticles effective alternatives for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This review discusses the use of MNPs in cancer diagnosis and treatment and provides future perspectives in the field.

Biocompatible Polymer Nano-Constructs: A Potent Platform for Cancer Theranostics.

Nano-constructs of biocompatible polymers have drawn wide attention owing to their potential as theranostics for simultaneous therapy and detection of cancer. The present mini review summarizes various nano-architectures of polymers that have been developed as theranostic agents for the simultaneous treatment and diagnosis of cancer in a single platform. Additionally, research prospects of polymeric cancer theranostics for the future have been highlighted.

Nanomaterials: a promising multimodal theranostics platform for thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the cervical region and endocrine system, characterized by a discernible upward trend in incidence over recent years. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is the current standard for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer, albeit with limitations and a certain degree of false-negative outcomes. Although differentiated thyroid carcinoma generally exhibits a favorable prognosis, dedifferentiation is associated with an unfavorable clinical course. Anaplastic thyroid cancer, characterized by high malignancy and aggressiveness, remains an unmet clinical need with no effective treatments available. The emergence of nanomedicine has opened new avenues for cancer theranostics. The unique features of nanomaterials, including multifunctionality, modifiability, and various detection modes, enable non-invasive and convenient thyroid cancer diagnosis through multimodal imaging. For thyroid cancer treatment, nanomaterial-based photothermal therapy or photodynamic therapy, combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or gene therapy, holds promise in reducing invasiveness and prolonging patient survival or alleviating pain in individuals with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Furthermore, nanomaterials enable simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the latest developments in nanomaterials for thyroid cancer diagnosis and treatment and encourage further research in developing innovative and effective theranostic approaches for thyroid cancer.

Bichromatic Imaging with Hemicyanine Fluorophores Enables Simultaneous Visualization of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metastatic Intestinal Cancer.

Simultaneous detection of different diseases via a single fluorophore is challenging. We herein report a bichromatic fluorophore named Cy-914 for the simultaneous diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metastatic intestinal cancer by leveraging its NIR-I/NIR-II dual-color imaging capability. Cy-914 with a pKa of 6.98 exhibits high sensitivity to pH and viscosity, showing turn-on NIR-I fluorescence at 795 nm in an acidic tumor microenvironment, meanwhile displaying intense NIR-II fluorescence at 914/1030 nm under neutral to slightly basic viscous conditions. Notably, Cy-914 could sensitively and noninvasively monitor viscosity variations in the progression of NAFLD. More importantly, it was able to simultaneously visualize NAFLD (ex/em = 808/1000-1700 nm) and intestinal metastases (ex/em = 570/810-875 nm) in two independent channels without spectral cross interference after topical spraying, further improving fluorescence-guided surgery of tiny metastases less than 3 mm. This strategy may provide an understanding for developing multi-color fluorophores for multi-disease diagnosis.

Nanotechnology: A Promising Approach for Cancer Diagnosis, Therapeutics and Theragnosis.

Cancer remains the most devastating disease and the major cause of mortality worldwide. Although early diagnosis and treatment are the key approach in fighting against cancer, the available conventional diagnostic and therapeutic methods are not efficient. Besides, ineffective cancer cell selectivity and toxicity of traditional chemotherapy remain the most significant challenge. These limitations entail the need for the development of both safe and effective cancer diagnosis and treatment options. Due to its robust application, nanotechnology could be a promising method for in-vivo imaging and detection of cancer cells and cancer biomarkers. Nanotechnology could provide a quick, safe, cost-effective, and efficient method for cancer management. It also provides simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of cancer using nano-theragnostic particles that facilitate early detection and selective destruction of cancer cells. Updated and recent discussions are important for selecting the best cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management options, and new insights on designing effective protocols are utmost important. This review discusses the application of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis, therapeutics, and theragnosis and provides future perspectives in the field.

Surface-Functionalized NdVO4:Gd3+ Nanoplates as Active Agents for Near-Infrared-Light-Triggered and Multimodal-Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy.

Development of nanotheranostic agents with near-infrared (NIR) absorption offers an effective tool for fighting malignant diseases. Lanthanide ion neodymium (Nd3+)-based nanomaterials, due to the maximum absorption at around 800 nm and unique optical properties, have caught great attention as potential agents for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and therapy. Herein, we employed an active nanoplatform based on gadolinium-ion-doped NdVO4 nanoplates (NdVO4:Gd3+ NPs) for multiple-imaging-assisted photothermal therapy. These NPs exhibited enhanced NIR absorption and excellent biocompatibility after being grafted with polydopamine (pDA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) layers on their surface. Upon expose to an 808 nm laser, these resulting NPs were able to trigger hyperthermia rapidly and cause photo-destruction of cancer cells. In a xenograft tumor model, tumor growth was also significantly inhibited by these photothermal agents under NIR laser irradiation. Owing to the multicomponent nanostructures, we demonstrated these nanoagents as being novel contrast agents for in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, X-ray computed tomography (CT), photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and second biological window fluorescent imaging of tumor models. Thus, we believe that this new kind of nanotherapeutic will benefit the development of emerging nanosystems for biological imaging and cancer therapy.

Abstract #1175214: Fleas and Ticks: A Case of Simultaneous Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Systemic Mastocytosis

Systemic mastocytosis is a clonal expansion of mast cells associated with an increased risk of solid malignancies. There is no known association with systemic mastocytosis and thyroid cancer. Herein, we report a young woman presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy and lytic bone lesions who was diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and systemic mastocytosis simultaneously.

Systematic Immunological Level Determined the Prognosis of Leptomeningeal Metastasis in Lung Cancer.

Background and PurposeLeptomeningeal metastases (LM) is the end-event of lung cancer and the prognosis is dismal. Few studies explored the prognostic performance of systematic immunological levels in lung cancer patients with LM. Our study aimed to explore the possible relationship between the prognosis of LM and systematic immunological level and other clinical characteristics.MethodsThis retrospective, multi-institutional, observational study was conducted in 4 tertiary centers in China. Patients were screened from January 2009 to May 2019. Patients with radiographically or histologically confirmed LM were enrolled. The data of systematic immunological level and other clinical characteristics of each patient were extracted and statistically analyzed to establish a prognostic model based on statistical analysis results. The predictive accuracy and discriminative capability of the model were evaluated by the calibration curve and concordance index (C-index).ResultsA total of 109 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients with adenocarcinoma, tumors harboring EGFR mutation, at their age of 50–59, with either bone, brain, or lung metastases, were enriched in this cohort. The median overall survival (OS) was 20.4 months (95% CI: 15.2–25.6). Cox univariate and multivariate analysis revealed better PS (0–1), no distant lymph nodes metastasis (DLNM), simultaneous diagnosis of lung cancer and leptomeningeal metastasis (SDLL), and lower neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were associated with better OS. Based on these independent prognostic variables, a prognostic nomogram model with a C-index for OS prediction of 0.71, was constructed. The actual probability of survival at 1-, 2- and 3-year showed good concordance with the prediction curve of our nomogram.ConclusionThe systematic immunological level was an independent prognostic factor of lung cancer patients with LM. The prognostic model based on statistical analysis had a good ability to predict the OS of patients.

Simultaneous enhancement of T1 and T2 magnetic resonance imaging of liver tumor at respective low and high magnetic fields.

Background: Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely applied in clinical diagnosis. However, using one contrast agent (CA) to simultaneously enhance the T1 and T2 MR contrast at low and high magnetic fields respectively has not been reported.Methods: Herein, we investigated the MR property of a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-instructed, intracellular formed gadolinium nanoparticle (DOTA-Gd-CBT-NP) at low and high magnetic fields.Results: Experimental results showed that DOTA-Gd-CBT-NP possesses a low r2/r1 ratio 0.91 which enables it to enhance T1 MR imaging of liver tumor at 1.0 T, and a high r2/r1 ratio 11.8 which renders the nanoparticle to largely enhance T2 MR imaging of liver tumor at 9.4 T.Conclusion: We expect that our GGT-responsive Gd-nanoparticle could be applied for simultaneous T1 and T2 MRI diagnosis of early liver cancer in clinic at respective low and high magnetic fields when the 9.4 T MR machine is clinically available in the future.

The efficiency of MSC-based targeted AIE nanoparticles for gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment: An experimental study.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their tumor tropism, are strongly recruited by various solid tumors and mobilized by inflammatory signals in the tumor microenvironment. However, effective cellular uptake is critical for MSC‐based drug delivery. In this study, we synthesized a spherical copolymer, polyethylenimine–poly(ε‐caprolactone), with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) material and the anticancer drug, paclitaxel, coloaded onto its inner core. This was followed by the addition of a transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide, a type of cell‐penetrating peptide, to modify the nanoparticles (NPs). Finally, the MSCs were employed to carry the TAT‐modified AIE‐NPs drug to the tumor sites and assist in simultaneous cancer diagnosis and targeted tumor therapy. In vitro, the TAT‐modified AIE‐NPs showed good biocompatibility, targeting, and stability in an aqueous solution besides high drug‐loading and encapsulation efficiency. In vitro, the AIE‐NPs exhibited a controllable release under a mildly acidic environment. The in vivo and in vitro studies showed high antitumor efficacy and low cytotoxicity of the AIE‐NP drug, whereas biodistribution confirmed the tumor tropism of MSCs. To summarize, the MSC‐based AIE‐NP drugs loaded with TAT possessed good biocompatibility and high antitumor efficacy via the enhanced NP‐drug uptake. In addition, the tumor tropism of MSCs provided selective drug uptake by the tumor cells and thus reduced the systemic side effects.

Logistic regression with adaptive sparse group lasso penalty and its application in acute leukemia diagnosis

Cancer diagnosis based on gene expression profile data has attracted extensive attention in computational biology and medicine. It suffers from three challenges in practical applications: noise, gene grouping, and adaptive gene selection. This paper aims to solve the above problems by developing the logistic regression with adaptive sparse group lasso penalty (LR-ASGL). A noise information processing method for cancer gene expression profile data is first presented via robust principal component analysis. Genes are then divided into groups by performing weighted gene co-expression network analysis on the clean matrix. By approximating the relative value of the noise size, gene reliability criterion and robust evaluation criterion are proposed. Finally, LR-ASGL is presented for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and adaptive gene selection. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the other four methods in three simulation settings: Gaussian noise, uniformly distributed noise, and mixed noise. The acute leukemia data are adopted as an experimental example to demonstrate the advantages of LR-ASGL in prediction and gene selection.