Simultaneous Development Research Articles

Features of the porous morphology of anodic alumina films at the initial stage of disordered growth

A characteristic feature of disordered porous anodic film growth at the initial stage of aluminum anodizing was revealed by varying the electrolyte type and anodizing voltage. The samples were obtained by the electrochemical oxidation of thin aluminum films (100 nm thick) on SiO2/Si substrates in a 0.3 M oxalic acid at 10–50 V and were studied by SEM. The ImageJ analysis of the images revealed the simultaneous development of two large groups of pores: major pores with a large diameter and minor pores with a smaller diameter. When anodizing in oxalic acid at 10–50 V, it has been shown that the ratio of the diameters of the major and minor pores remains constant and is about 1.17. Using a geometric model, we demonstrated that the centers of the minor pores are located inside the elementary hexagonal cell formed by the centers of the major pores. Moreover, our results are very close to the theoretical value of 2/√3. At the initial stage of disordered pore growth, the development of minor pores rather than major pores is not a random process and is determined by energy-efficient conditions for the development of pores inside the hexagonal cells formed by the major pores. The increase in compressive mechanical stress in the anodic film leads to an interruption in the development of such pores.

Coupled effects of long-term cyclic loading and scour on the mechanical responses of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines

Monopile-supported offshore wind turbines (OWTs) inevitably undergo the coupled effects of long-term cyclic loads and scour, resulting in cumulative deformation and the migration of the natural frequency of the foundation-superstructure system and the simultaneous development of scour holes around monopiles, which brings notable challenges to the design of OWTs. Hence, a series of model tests on monopile-supported OWTs in sands were conducted in a flume equipped with a custom long-term cyclic loading device. The mechanical responses of the OWT system and the scour process under separate and coupled effects of long-term cyclic loading and scour were studied, with special attention given to the cumulative rotation, natural frequency, ultimate bearing capacity of the OWT system, and scour hole development. A preliminary investigation of the armoring effect of the overlying coarse-grained soil under combined action was also conducted. The experimental results revealed that the coupled effect of long-term cyclic loading and scour not only has a great impact on the mechanical response of the foundation-superstructure system, but it also resulted in an acceleration of the initial scour rate and reduced the equilibrium scour depth. Moreover, the coupled effect reduced the scour resistance of coarse-grained soils under the layered soil conditions.

Using a decentering framework to create English/Spanish surveys about abortion: Insights into comparative survey research (CSR) for new survey development and recommendations for optimal use

ABSTRACT The growth of populations for whom English is not a native language has reinforced the need for multilanguage survey data collections. This is particularly true in the study of sexual and reproductive health issues such as abortion. However, the limited number of bilingual surveys about abortion and the lack of information regarding the translation process for bilingual surveys necessitates the development of new surveys specifically attuned to linguistic and cultural nuances in Spanish-speaking communities. To that end, this paper explores various comparative survey research frameworks, with emphasis on simultaneous survey development through decentering. We also highlight the processes, successes, and challenges of our team’s development of a bilingual English and Spanish abortion survey using Erkut’s Dual Focus Model—an approximation of the asking the same question by decentering (ASQD) approach—to co-construct an English and Spanish survey about abortion in the wake of the nomination and confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh to the United States Supreme Court. We conclude with recommendations, including that comparative survey research be conducted with team-based and systematic translations.

The Effect of Human Resource Development, Facilities and Work Environment on Employee Performance at the Makassar City DPRD Secretariat

This study is intended to determine the effect of the development of human resources, infrastructure, and work environment on the performance of employees at the Makassar City DPRD secretariat, this research was conducted at the Makassar City DPRD Office by taking 60 employees of the Makassar City DPRD secretariat. as the research sample. The results of this study prove that it is partially proven that the development of human resources, infrastructure, work environment has an effect on employee performance at the secretariat of the Makassar City DPRD. This study also proves that the simultaneous development of human resources, infrastructure, work environment has an effect on employee performance. The results of this study produce a coefficient of determination of 59.2% which indicates that this research model can explain that the determination of the variable (X) affects the variable (Y) with the r-square value influenced by this research variable and is 59.2% while the rest is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

Pengembangan Karir, Kepuasan dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Surakarta


 This study aims to determine and explain the effect of simultaneous or partial career development, job satisfaction and discipline on the performance of employees of PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Surakarta Branch. The research method uses a quantitative approach, in the form of a questionnaire. The sample in this study amounted to 70 respondents who were divided into employees of PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Surakarta Branch. The data used in this study is primary data in the form of the results of questionnaires filled out by respondents. The analytical method used is quantitative analysis, multiple linear regression, F test, t test and coefficient of determination with SPSS version 21 program.The results of this study indicate that career development has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Surakarta Branch, satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Surakarta Branch, work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Surakarta Branch.
 Keywords : Employee Performance, Career Development, Satisfaction, Work Discipline

Proposal for the revision of guidelines for clinical trials of vaccines to prevent infectious diseases in Japan

The development of vaccines against infectious diseases requires a different approach from that of therapeutics, because vaccines are inoculated into healthy individuals and have a preventive effect by activating the immunity of the inoculated human. In Japan, “The Guideline for Clinical Trials of Vaccines for the Prevention of Infectious Diseases” was published in 2010 before changes occurred in the vaccine development environment in Japan, such as the introductions of foreign vaccines and simultaneous global development. This study aimed to identify current challenges in vaccine development through a questionnaire-based survey of pharmaceutical companies in Japan and by comparing the domestic and international guidelines and surveying review reports of 35 vaccines approved in Japan between April 2010 and December 2020. Identified challenges included the requirement for protective efficacy trials, efficacy evaluation of combination vaccines, development of multiregional and foreign clinical trials, and immunization of older adults and immunocompromised patients. We propose that new vaccines against infectious diseases should be evaluated for the protective efficacy, preferably through multiregional clinical trials. Additionally, differences in the incidence of infectious diseases or in epidemic virus strains between regions may affect the trials, when multiregional clinical trials are conducted, but immunogenicity-based studies can be conducted if a correlation between protective efficacy and immunogenicity has been established. We suggest that licensed combination vaccines can be used as comparators when an antigen is added to a licensed combination vaccine. We also proposed that the efficacy of a vaccine in non-major subjects, such as older adults or immunocompromised patients could be evaluated by comparing immunogenicity in major subjects with the confirmed protective effects of the vaccine. It is expected that these revisions will lead to the rapid advancement of vaccine development, which should contribute to the improvement of public health.

Content, Contemporary Situation and Major Effectiveness of Rural Complex Sustainable-Development-Models (SDM) From the Perspective of New Pastoralism—Based on Rural Complex Models “TianYuanLuJia, Zhejiang” and etc.

China is currently in a critical period of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. As an emerging pattern of rural economic development in China, Rural Complex is getting more and more attention. Some regions have already formed their own development models and many successful cases have emerged. Based on the sustainable development proposition of New Pastoralism, this study analyzes the characteristic development models of three successful state-level Rural Complex cases. On the basis, this paper summarizes the universal features from the characteristics. It finally proposes a Rural Complex Sustainable-Development-Model (SDM) which is "Multiple Integration and Construction of Industries— Simultaneous Protection and Development of Environment— Joint Effort and Sharing of People". This paper provides useful references and policy suggestions for the sustainable development of Chinese rural areas in the new era.

Combined extract of heated TC1, a heat-killed preparation of Lactobacilluscasei and alpha-galactosyl ceramide in a mouse model of cervical cancer

BackgroundNowadays, cancer is the leading cause of death among threats to humanity, necessitating prompt action and preparation. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is currently treated with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, among other treatments. Current oncology approaches focused on the simultaneous development of safe and effective cancer multi-agent therapies. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a combined extracts of heated TC1, a heat-killed preparation of Lactobacilluscasei, and alpha-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer) in a mouse model of cervical cancer.Material and methodsCervical cancer in the mouse model was prepared by TC1 cells subcutaneous injection into the left flank of female C57BL/6 mouse aged 6–8 weeks (n = 80). After the appearance of the palpable tumor, the mice with cervical cancer were randomly devoted to 8 (ten-member) groups. The mice in some groups were treated with PBS, TC1 cell extract, L. casei extract, α-GalCer, and a combination of the mentioned treatments. Then, they were evaluated the splenocytes proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase production and nitric oxide. Moreover, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TGF-β cytokine levels of splenocytes supernatant the mice were measured. In all evaluations, a statistical difference of less than 0.05 (P ˂ 0.05) was considered as a significant level.ResultThe findings revealed that the combination therapy group (heated TC1 cell and L. casei extracts with α-GalCer) significantly increases the splenocytes proliferation (MTT) (0.358 ± 0.04 OD), LDH production (45.9 ± 2.3 U/L), NO rate (38.4 ± 2.8 µM), and IFN-γ cytokine level (46.6 ± 3.7 pg/ml) (P < 0.05). Also, observes a significantly reduces the production of IL-4 (11.6 ± 2.5 pg/ml) and TGF-β cytokines levels (7.8 ± 2.5 pg/ml) (P < 0.05) in comparison to the control group.ConclusionThe study showed that combination therapy of L. casei and α-GalCer is an efficient treatment for cervical cancer in the mouse model.

Simultaneous and collaborative development of satellites and Information Systems to support their lifecycle processes

Space Systems Engineering is the domain in which satellites are developed. A lot of information gathered by the systems engineer to develop a space product is also necessary and gathered by the software engineer in the Software Engineering domain to develop the Information Systems that will support the lifecycle processes of that product. Motivated by this reality, this paper aims to demonstrate that the work of the software engineer can be integrated with that of the systems engineer during the Systems Engineering process. We assumed the use of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Systems Concurrent Engineering (SCE) as the approaches to engineering a satellite and looked at the activities performed by the systems engineer to identify how the software engineer’s work can be inserted into the Systems Engineering process. We use the AMAZONIA 1 satellite to exemplify and focus on the process of assembly, integration and testing of this satellite. We concluded that simultaneous and collaborative work between the Systems Engineering and Software Engineering domains is feasible and can bring quality and productivity gains for both sides.

Dynamic compressive strength of alumina ceramics

Dynamic (220–510 s−1) and quasi-static (0.001 s−1) compression experiments are conducted on alumina ceramics implemented with two types of tungsten carbide inserts, cylindrical and step-shaped. Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests with in-situ, high-speed optical imaging are adopted to capture the damage and failure of ceramic samples under dynamic compression. The compressive strength of alumina ceramic samples with step-shaped inserts is 15%–30% higher than that with cylindrical inserts commonly used in previous studies, under both dynamic and quasi-static loading. Damage occurs first at the two ends of ceramic samples with the cylindrical inserts, followed by edge fracture and splitting cracks penetrating the sample. However, damage is initiated in the sample region away from the sample ends for the step-shaped inserts, and oblique and secondary transverse cracks dominate the failure process. The different damage modes in the case of step-shaped inserts result in the delayed damage initiation and sample failure, and consequently high compressive strengths. Finite element modelling (FEM) of the SHPB tests provides strength and damage evolution features consistent with the experiment using the Johnson–Holmquist (JH-2) model. FEM reveals equivalent, tensile and shear stress concentrations at the two ends of samples with cylindrical inserts. The stress concentrations are responsible for the damage initiation and growth at the sample ends and the following splitting cracks, consistent with the high-speed images. In contrast, homogeneous stress distributions are achieved in the sample with the step-shaped inserts, ensuring simultaneous damage development across the sample. Overall, the step-shaped inserts in conjunction with cylindrical samples can yield reliable strength measurements for ceramics and ceramic-like materials.

Fuel property impacts on gaseous and PM emissions from a multi-mode single-cylinder engine

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Co-Optima initiative has focused on improving fuel economy and vehicle performance while reducing emissions through the simultaneous development of emerging sustainable fuels with beneficial properties and advanced combustion strategies. A major thrust has been the development of advanced compression ignition (ACI) combustion strategies of gasoline range fuels in combination with spark-ignited (SI) combustion in a single engine capable of multi-mode operation to achieve high power density with enhanced part load efficiency. The aim of this study was to further the understanding of how emissions from both ACI and SI strategies operating on the same fuels in the same engine are impacted by different fuel properties. This investigation focused on particulate matter (PM) and gaseous hydrocarbon emissions from 6 different fuels across 3 different combustion modes on the same single-cylinder engine designed for multi-mode operation: SI combustion, partial fuel stratification (PFS), and spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI). In each of these modes, 3 different CA50 phasings were studied such that all 6 fuels could be studied at the same phasings. Three of the six different fuels used were specially formulated in a previous investigation to study the impact of fuel distillation and aromatic content while maintaining the research octane number (RON) and octane sensitivity. Additionally, neat isooctane and two ethanol containing fuels (RD5-87 and Co-Optima E30) were studied. Different fuel and phasing impacts on emissions were observed across the three combustion modes. Fuel properties were found to impact soot PM and particle number more than the CA50 phasing, while the phasing had more impact on NOx emissions. The NOx emissions were reduced in the PFS mode for all fuels compared to SI combustion, but the SACI combustion mode did not reduce NOx emissions. Although PFS produced low soot PM emissions like SI, total PM mass emissions were significantly higher due to large organic carbon (OC) PM mass contribution. Both PFS and SACI had greater particle number emission than SI operation with small nuclei mode particles dominating in PFS compared to large agglomeration particles in SACI.

Livelihood Resilience Perception: Gender Equalisation of Resettlers from Rural Reservoirs—Empirical Evidence from China

Hydropower engineering has brought unprecedented benefits to the world while causing massive displacement of people. Since the implementation of the Post-Relocation Support (PReS) policy for reservoir resettlers in China in 2006, the distribution of perceived livelihood resilience by gender of resettlers has gradually become more equal. Based on data from a survey of rural reservoir resettlers’ livelihoods in nine regions of Guizhou Province, China, this data examines the distribution of resettlers’ perceived livelihood resilience across genders using logit regression and then explores the contribution to gender equality. The empirical results show that, unlike previous studies, household economic conditions do not bring about more gender differences in perceived livelihood resilience among resettlers (gender contribution ratio = 1.12). Gender differences in perceived livelihood resilience among resettlers were influenced by household workforce levels (e.g., gender contribution ratio = 1.23 at high workforce levels), education level (e.g., contribution ratio = 1.87 in primary education), and resettlement methods (e.g., contribution ratio = 4.53 at external resettlement). The implementation of the PReS policy also contributes to the gender equality of these resettlers’ perceived livelihood resilience. For rural resettlers in different regions with different livelihoods, resettlement patterns, capital, and gender differences of resettlers should be understood through different livelihood resilience perspectives. Improving capacity building of resettlers’ livelihoods resilience through site-specific, participatory development and resource interoperability to promote high quality, sustainable and simultaneous development in resettlement areas and reservoirs.

Environment-Friendly Behavior of New Agricultural Business Main Body Based on the Internet of Things.

The Internet of Things economy is necessary for the reform of China's economic industrial structure and international development, and it brings new opportunities and new challenges to the Chinese economy. The comprehensive informatization of the society is the prerequisite for the economic development of the Internet of Things. The Chinese government will adopt a strategy of simultaneous development to continue to accelerate the development of traditional agriculture while developing emerging strategic agriculture of the Internet of Things, accelerating the transformation of economic production methods. Family farming is a new type of agricultural business in the microeconomy. It is not only a producer and mobilizer of agricultural products but also an important carrier for implementing agricultural innovation technologies and promoting agricultural modernization. This article uses game theory, resource endowment theory, expectation theory, etc. to describe the impact mechanism of economies of scale, profit maximization, and environmental behavior on family farms from a game perspective and discusses the specific effects of resource endowments and psychological expectations. Through the research of the Internet of Things and the rural green energy cycle, this article applies it to the new agricultural business entities, thereby promoting the development of proenvironmental behavior analysis.

Equilibration rate constant, ke0, to determine effect-site concentration for the Masui remimazolam population pharmacokinetic model in general anesthesia patients.

Effect-site concentration is widely used to determine drug dosage in anesthesia practice. To obtain effect-site concentration, a pharmacokinetic model with a corresponding equilibration rate constant between plasma and effect-site, ke0, is necessary. Remimazolam, a novel short-acting benzodiazepine, has been approved as anesthetic/sedative. Recently, a remimazolam pharmacokinetic model has been published using a large dataset including wide range of subject characteristics (416 males and 246 females, age 18-93years, total body weight 34-149kg, height 133-204cm, body mass index 14-61kgm-2, ASA physical status: I-IV, and Asian, White, American African, and 2 other races). This Masui model can be applicable to various patients, but a pharmacodynamic model including ke0 was not developed simultaneously. A previous article has indicated that the time to peak effect of drug after its bolus should be used to determine ke0 for a pharmacokinetic model without simultaneous development of corresponding pharmacodynamic model. The ke0 value can be calculated using numerical analysis but not algebraic solution. We provide the detail method of the numerical analysis and a tool to have ke0 value easily for the Masui remimazolam PK model. Additionally, we provide a multiple regression model to have ke0 value for the PK model.

Study of Perinatal Outcomes in Multifetal Gestation on the Basis of Chorionicity.

Introduction: Multiple pregnancy is simultaneous development of more than one fetus in uterus. Multifetal gestations are found to be associated with significantly higher maternal morbidity and associated health care service costs. Women with multifetal gestation are nearly six times more likely to be hospitalized with complications, including preterm labor, preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of membrane, placental abruption, hydramnios and postpartum haemorrhage. The term multifetal gestation includes twins, triplets and high order multiples.&#x0D; Objectives: To evaluate maternal and neonatal complications and pregnancy outcomes of multifetal gestation on the basis of chorionicity.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at tertiary care hospital for a period of one year from August 2020 to September 2021. A total of 58 twin pregnancies and 2 triplet pregnancies with meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after taking consent.&#x0D; Results: The most common maternal complication among twin pregnancy was preterm delivery (41.37%). Other maternal complication was premature rupture of membrane (32.75%), primary postpartum haemorrhage (24.13%), anemia (8.62%), Pregnancy induced hypertension (8.62%), Preeclampsia (8.62%), Placental Abruption (5.10%). Most common neonatal complication was low birth weight (63.79%). Among the two-triplet pregnancy both were Trichorionic Triamniotic with preterm delivery via lower segment caesarean section at 32 weeks. Both of these triplet pregnancies had IUGR babies.&#x0D; Conclusion: Multifetal gestation is a high-risk pregnancy associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Early diagnosis of chorionicity and proper follow up throughout the gestation improves the perinatal outcome.

COVID-19, The Frequent Use of Moist Wipes, and Multiple Allergic Sensitisations: A Case Report

During the COVID-19 pandemic, frequent handwashing and disinfection have exacerbated or caused skin diseases. This case report shows the simultaneous development of allergic contact dermatitis to Kathon CG (DuPoint, Wilmington, Delaware, USA), Euxyl K400, and fragrance mix I because of the frequent use of moist (baby) wipes during the pandemic outbreak. The sensitisation to multiple allergens was determined by patch testing, whereas the disease resolved after usage discontinuation of moist wipes. Notably, two COVID-19 pulmonary events anticipated the clinical sensitisation. This case demonstrates that changes in attitude and behaviour with concern to exposure intensity to moist wipes can induce a clinical response to many allergens.

Simultaneous optical resonances at visible and mid-infrared frequencies with epitaxial TiN/Al0.72Sc0.28N/TiN metal/polar-dielectric/metal multilayers

Traditionally, light-matter interactions in the visible spectral range utilize tailored plasmonic nanostructure in metals that often require advanced nanofabrication techniques. Concomitantly, polar lattice vibrations in dielectrics are used to achieve mid-to-long wavelength infrared (IR) light-matter coupling. Achieving optical resonances simultaneously in the visible and mid-to-long wavelength IR spectral range in one host medium has been challenging due to mutually conflicting material and optical property requirements. In this article, we show simultaneous light-matter coupling and development of super absorbers in the visible and mid-IR spectral ranges with a lithography-free planar wide-angle metal-(polar)-dielectric-metal (MDM) Fabry-Pérot cavity composed of ultrathin refractory metallic TiN as the top layer and polar dielectric Al0.72Sc0.28N as the spacer layer. Lattice-matched TiN/Al0.72Sc0.28N/TiN MDM cavities exhibit super absorption resonance with maximum absorptivity of ∼99%. The absorption maxima spectral position is tuned with changes in spacer layer thickness and by utilizing multiple cavity interactions. Al0.72Sc0.28N inside the MDM is also used for light coupling to the transverse optical phonon mode and to the Berremann mode near the longitudinal phonon frequency with strong selective absorption. Demonstration of refractory epitaxial TiN/Al0.72Sc0.28N/TiN MDM metamaterials mark significant progress towards developing compact optical meta-structures with on-demand optical resonances at different spectral ranges.

ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED TO DRILL WELLS WITH SEPARATE OPERATION OF SEVERAL HORIZONS AT THE SAME TIME

the article provides a complete study of the possibility of simultaneous development of several formations by one object only with the same physical and chemical properties of oil in the combined formations, if the inflow of oil and gas is sufficient from each formation at an acceptable bottom-hole pressure in the well, with close values of reservoir pressure in the combined formations, excluding oil flows between the layers, and close values waterlogged formations. It also describes the field experience of operating several layers with one well by the method of dual completion (DC), indicating its high efficiency. On average, capital investments and operating costs are reduced by 30% in comparison with the costs of drilling and operating fields with independent grids for each formation. The DC method is cost-effective and makes it possible to seal the grid of wells (producing and injection) without additional drilling footage. 0the integration of productive formations into operational facilities leads to a significant reduction in the volume and timing of drilling of the field, saving material resources for the development of fields. At the same time, during joint operation, as a rule, the conditions for the development of each individual reservoir deteriorate, it becomes difficult to control and regulate the operation process. In these cases, the method of dual completion is used, through which a differentiated effect is carried out on the formations developed jointly by one well grid. Dual completion is a means that, with economical joint operation, ensures optimal conditions for the production of oil reserves of each reservoir and thereby increases the economic efficiency of their development. Technological efficiency is understood as an increase in the rate of production of reserves and the oil recovery coefficient of each formation of a multi-layer facility by regulating the operation processes. At the same time, the movement of water-oil and gas-oil contacts and the coverage of the reservoir by displacement in power is regulated. Dual completion in domestic practice and abroad is carried out by equipping wells with special equipment for separation of layers or using wells of special designs for these purposes.

Special Feature: Linking capture-recapture and movement.

Special Feature: Linking capture-recapture and movement.

CALCULATIONS OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF DRILLING WELLS WITH SEPARATE OPERATION OF SEVERAL HORIZONS SIMULTANEOUSLY

the article presents a calculation of the economic efficiency of simultaneous development of several layers by one object. The necessary cost indicators of products on the domestic and foreign markets, taxes and payments, as well as expenditure, such as operational, capital costs when using the technology of dual completion (DC) and according to the traditional scheme are described and presented. The DC method is cost-effective and makes it possible to seal the grid of wells (producing and injection) without additional drilling footage and in increasing hydrocarbon production. Dual completion in the world practice of the development of multi-layer deposits is carried out in various ways, which are determined by the design of wells, the nature of separation of layers, types of technological operations of control and regulation of the development of operational facilities. Depending on the operating modes of the layers, the schemes of equipment for dual completion can be represented by the following combinations: fountain-fountain, gaslift-gaslift, pump-pump, injection-injection, fountain-pump, pump-fountain, fountain-gaslift, gaslift-fountain, etc. The effectiveness of dual completion in solving the tasks of the first group is characterized by ensuring optimal working conditions for each formation or the possibility of monitoring and regulating the development of formations. The number of wells in which the DC should be carried out is justified in the project, based on the need to solve these tasks. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the method by the amount of additional oil produced after the transfer of wells to dual completion is carried out only in frequent cases. Basically, with the planned and projected technological scheme of development, the use of the method, additional production should be taken into account when calculating development indicators. When solving the tasks of the first group, the transfer of wells to DC can be carried out both from the very beginning of their commissioning, and after a certain period of joint operation of reservoirs.