This research discusses the application of nanomaterials in cancer detection and the comparison between various application methods, highlighting their high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of cancer biomarkers. Nanomaterials have the ability to selectively target and bind specific molecules, resulting in improved detection accuracy. They also facilitate the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers and enable non-invasive tumor visualization by various imaging methods. Despite the many advantages, there are still many challenges related to safety considerations and optimization of detection techniques that need to be addressed urgently. Nonetheless, the nanomaterials-based approach holds significant promise for improving cancer detection technology and improving early diagnosis. Further research is essential in order to fully exploit the power of nanomaterials in accurate and efficient cancer detection. By addressing these challenges, difficulties, and conducting additional research, nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize cancer detection, resulting in improved results accuracy, earlier detection of disease, and better treatment for the benefit of humanity.