Simultaneous Communication Research Articles

A functional quantum communication network using time-bin entanglement

The network connects multiple users separated by 60 kilometers and allows for simultaneous communication.

Talking While Signing: The Influence of Simultaneous Communication on the Spoken Language of Bimodal Bilinguals.

This study aimed to examine how speech while sign (simultaneous communication [SimCom]) affects the spoken language of bimodal bilingual teachers and how individual differences in sign-language vocabulary knowledge, SimCom teaching experience, and the ability to perform speech under dual-task conditions explain the variability in SimCom performance. Forty experienced teachers of deaf and hard of hearing students participated in a story narration task under different conditions. Speech rate, lexical richness, and syntactic complexity were measured and compared across speech-only versus SimCom conditions. Furthermore, participants' score on a sign-language vocabulary test, their self-reported SimCom teaching experience, and their performance in a dual-task condition were taken as predictors of SimCom narration performance. The findings revealed slower speech rate, lower lexical richness, and lower syntactic complexity in the SimCom condition compared with the speech-only condition. Sign-language vocabulary score and SimCom teaching experience explained speech rate and lexical richness. Participant's ability to speak under a dual-task condition did not modulate performance. The findings may suggest that the production of the less dominant (sign) language during SimCom entails inhibition of the dominant (spoken) language relative to the speech-only condition. At the same time, the findings are also compatible with the suggestion that SimCom serves as a unique complex communication unit that cannot be reduced to the combination of two languages.

Consensus ADMM-Based Distributed Simultaneous Imaging & Communication

This paper takes the first steps toward enabling wireless networks to perform both imaging and communication in a distributed manner. We propose Distributed Simultaneous Imaging and Symbol Detection (DSISD), a provably convergent distributed simultaneous imaging and communication scheme based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. We show that DSISD achieves similar imaging and communication performance as centralized schemes, with order-wise reduction in computational complexity. We evaluate the performance of DSISD via 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi simulations.

Location Sensing and Beamforming Design for IRS-Enabled Multi-User ISAC Systems

This paper explores the potential of the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in realizing multi-user concurrent communication and localization, using the same time-frequency resources. Specifically, we propose an IRS-enabled multi-user integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) framework, where a distributed semi-passive IRS assists the uplink data transmission from multiple users to the base station (BS) and conducts multi-user localization, simultaneously. We first design an ISAC transmission protocol, where the whole transmission period consists of two periods, i.e., the ISAC period for simultaneous uplink communication and multi-user localization, and the pure communication (PC) period for only uplink data transmission. For the ISAC period, we propose a multi-user location sensing algorithm, which utilizes the uplink communication signals unknown to the IRS, thus removing the requirement of dedicated positioning reference signals in conventional location sensing methods. Based on the sensed users' locations, we propose two novel beamforming algorithms for the ISAC period and PC period, respectively, which can work with discrete phase shifts and require no channel state information (CSI) acquisition. Numerical results show that the proposed multi-user location sensing algorithm can achieve up to millimeter-level positioning accuracy, indicating the advantage of the IRS-enabled ISAC framework. Moreover, the proposed beamforming algorithms with sensed location information and discrete phase shifts can achieve comparable performance to the benchmark considering perfect CSI acquisition and continuous phase shifts, demonstrating how the location information can ensure the communication performance.

The Impact of Healthcare Traffic Over H2H and M2M Networks During the Spread Phase of Pandemic Diseases

Recently, the coronavirus pandemic has caused widespread panic around the world. Modern technologies can be used to monitor and control this highly contagious disease. A plausible solution is to equip each patient who is diagnosed with or suspected of having COVID-19 with sensors that can monitor various healthcare and location parameters and report them to the desired facility to control the spread of the disease. However, the simultaneous communication of numerous sensors installed in the majority of an area’s population results in a huge burden on existing Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The existing network becomes oversaturated because it has to manage two kinds of traffic in addition to normal traffic (text, voice, and video): healthcare traffic generated by a large number of sensors deployed over a huge population, and extra traffic generated by people contacting their family members via video or voice calls. In pandemics, e-healthcare traffic is critical and should not suffer packet loss or latency due to network overload. In this research, we studied the performance of existing networks under various conditions and predicted the severity of network degradation in an emergency. We proposed and evaluated three schemes (doubling bandwidth, combining LTE-A and LTE-M networks, and request queuing) for ensuring quality of service (QoS) of healthcare sensor (HCS) network traffic without perturbation from routine human-to-human or machine-to-machine communications. Finally, we simulated all proposed schemes and compared them with existing network scenarios. The results have showed that when we have doubled the bandwidth the SCR of all traffic was 100% as same as the Queue strategy. However, when we prioritized the HCS traffic the SCR has recorded 100%, while H2H and M2M traffic has recorded 73%. When we used hybrid network LTE-A and LTE-M network, the HCS and H2H traffic has recorded 100% and M2M traffic has recorded 70%. After analyzing the results, we conclude that our proposed queuing schemes performed well in all conditions and provide the best QoS for HCS traffic.

Spatial X-ray detection system based on simultaneous communication and radar

An integrated scheme of X-ray communication and detection is proposed in this paper, which is used for the detection of the unknown target inside the coating while communication. In contrast to the X-ray communication methods reported previously, simultaneous communication and radar detection have two distinct features. One is that both communication and detection signals share the same X-ray source and channel, so the spatial resources can be effectively utilized. The other is that X-ray can penetrate the metal shielding structure and detect the internal materials effectively. In order to achieve the above goals, the propagation feasibility of an X-ray signal in space and space sparse plasma environment are first analyzed. Simulation and experiment results indicate that the X-ray carrier can realize transmission without attenuation in space environment. Then, an X-ray radar and communication demonstration system is built to verify the detection ability of coated materials. Experimental results show that when the characteristic spectrum value of the unknown target is much higher than that of the rest shell, the spatial X-ray radar system can achieve more accurate discrimination. Finally, a conclusion is reached, and some feasible detection suggestions are provided for this simultaneous detection and communication system.

A Hybrid Approach for Seamless and Interoperable Communication in the Internet of Things

Reliable and resource-aware communication is a challenging task in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In these networks, seamless and interoperable communication among member devices is a challenging task that becomes more complex with the simultaneous communication of two or more devices with a centralized controller, that is, a cluster head or a gateway module. While addressing this challenge, existing approaches suffer from excessive packet collision, bandwidth consumption, packet loss, laten-cy, and unnecessary waiting for the TDMA slots. In this article, a hybrid communication approach is proposed to resolve most of the aforementioned challenges. Initially, a dynamic TDMA approach is presented to permit simultaneous and interoperable communication among multiple devices and their controller modules. The proposed approach allocates a variable number of time-slots to the IoT devices. For the time-slot allocation, an enhanced RTS/CTS mechanism is devised to allow seamless communication with a minimum possible latency, waiting time and bandwidth consumption. A case study of the proposed approach in a real-world IoT scenario is also presented. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Effect of Sunlight on Photovoltaics as Optical Wireless Communication Receivers

This paper explores the effects of sunlight on using a low-cost off-the-shelf silicon solar panel as an optical wireless communication (OWC) receiver. A receiver circuit structure has been proposed to maximize simultaneous energy harvesting and data communication performance. An equivalent circuit model of the solar panel for simultaneous energy harvesting and wireless optical communication is discussed. By using the solar panel model, the effects of varying sunlight conditions on the performance of the model as an OWC receiver are estimated. Furthermore, an experimental setup is developed to study the effects and verify the simulated estimations. The experimental setup consists of a 3.5 m wireless optical link with a full Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network stack. The system uses DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) to use the available communication bandwidth efficiently. A 940 nm low-cost off-the-shelf laser device along with an off-the-shelf off-axis-parabolic mirror is used as the transmitter. The maximum user throughput achieved over the air is 28.3 Mb/s while simultaneously harvesting energy using the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. The peak power harvested with simultaneous communication is 4.5 W. The harvested energy is stored in a 38 Wh lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery.

A Lamb Waves Based Ultrasonic System for the Simultaneous Data Communication, Defect Inspection, and Power Transmission.

Lamb-wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted extensive attention in recent years. This article aims to realize the functions of data communication, defect detection, and energy transmission through piezoelectric transducers. In this work, the S0 mode at 500 kHz and the A0 mode at 150 kHz are selected as the carrier waves and the optimized excitation frequencies are determined through analytical investigation and frequency sweeping experiments. The S0 mode is used for data communication and defect inspection due to the high excitation frequency and low dispersion properties. A single piezoelectric sensing element acts as the transmitter and a nine-element piezoelectric transducer array (PTA) is the receiver. Their roles exchange in terms of energy transmission based on the A0 mode. Simultaneous data communication and energy transmission are achieved based on the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) strategy. After performing a matched filter on the received signals, the digital data information can be recovered under the interference of the energy transmission signal. The synthetic aperture imaging technology (SAFT) is adopted for accurately locating defects on aluminum plates. In terms of energy transmission, a constructive interference performance is achieved by the transducer array with a transmitted power of 3.81 mW. This system has great potential for health monitoring of the enclosed structure by eliminating the cumbersome wires for powering and communication.

A flexible, stretchable system for simultaneous acoustic energy transfer and communication.

The use of implantable medical devices, including cardiac pacemakers and brain pacemakers, is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, surgically replacing batteries owing to their limited lifetime is a drawback of those devices. Such an operation poses a risk to patients—a problem that, to date, has not yet been solved. Furthermore, current devices are large and rigid, potentially causing patient discomfort after implantation. To address this problem, we developed a thin, battery-free, flexible, implantable system based on flexible electronic technology that can not only achieve wireless recharging and communication simultaneously via ultrasound but also perform many current device functions, including in vivo physiological monitoring and cardiac pacing. To prove this, an animal experiment was conducted involving creating a cardiac arrest model and powering the system by ultrasound. The results showed that it automatically detected abnormal heartbeats and responded by electrically stimulating the heart, demonstrating the device’s potential clinical utility for emergent treatment.

Two-Way Source-Channel Coding

We propose an adaptive lossy joint source-channel coding (JSCC) scheme for sending correlated sources over two-terminal discrete-memoryless two-way channels (DM-TWCs). The main idea is to couple the independent operations of the terminals via an adaptive coding mechanism, which can mitigate cross-interference resulting from simultaneous channel transmissions and concurrently exploit the sources' correlation to reduce the end-to-end reconstruction distortions. Our adaptive JSCC scheme not only subsumes existing lossy coding methods for two-way simultaneous communication but also improves their performance. Furthermore, we derive outer bounds for our two-way lossy transmission problem and establish complete JSCC theorems in some special settings. In these special cases, a non-adaptive separate source-channel coding (SSCC) scheme achieves the optimal performance, thus simplifying the design of the source-channel communication system.

Outage Trade-Offs Between Full/Half-Duplex Relaying for NOMA Aided Multicarrier Cooperative D2D Communications System

ABSTRACT Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and full-duplex (FD) have recently emerged as a potential candidate for the fifth-generation and beyond (B5G) cellular networks with the target of increasing spectral efficiency and guaranteeing the quality-of-services (QoS). This paper proposes an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based FD cooperative device-to-device (C-D2D) communications system, wherein a D2D transmitter (DT) acts as an FD relay to support simultaneous bidirectional communication between a base station (BS) and a cellular user (CU). In addition, a power splitting protocol using NOMA is incorporated for the FD C-D2D system to share the resources between the cellular and D2D user. Further, the successive interference cancellation (SIC) is used to decode the signals, while self-interference suppression (SIS) is employed at DT to mitigate self-interference (SI). The analytical expressions for achievable rates of the cellular and D2D links and their outage probabilities for the FD and half-duplex (HD) systems are derived. Outage trade-offs between FD/HD relaying have been analyzed. Results show that the proposed model enhances the overall outage performance of the cellular and D2D users. Moreover, for high cellular outage constraints, DT as an FD relay outperforms the conventional HD C-D2D communications system wherein DT acts as an HD relay.

Intelligent throughput stabilizer for UDP-based rate-control communication system

In view of the successful application of deep learning, mainly in the field of image recognition, deep learning applications are now being explored in the fields of communication and computer networks. In these fields, systems have been developed by use of proper theoretical calculations and procedures. However, due to the large amount of data to be processed, proper processing takes time and deviations from the theory sometimes occur due to the inclusion of uncertain disturbances. Therefore, deep learning or nonlinear approximation by neural networks may be useful in some cases. We have studied a user datagram protocol (UDP) based rate-control communication system called the simultaneous multipath communication system (SMPC), which measures throughput by a group of packets at the destination node and feeds it back to the source node continuously. By comparing the throughput with the recorded transmission rate, the source node detects congestion on the transmission route and adjusts the packet transmission interval. However, the throughput fluctuates as packets pass through the route, and if it is fed back directly, the transmission rate fluctuates greatly, causing the fluctuation of the throughput to become even larger. In addition, the average throughput becomes even lower. In this study, we tried to stabilize the transmission rate by incorporating prediction and learning performed by a neural network. The prediction is performed using the throughput measured by the destination node, and the result is learned so as to generate a stabilizer. A simple moving average method and a stabilizer using three types of neural networks, namely multilayer perceptrons, recurrent neural networks, and long short-term memory, were built into the transmission controller of the SMPC. The results showed that not only fluctuation reduced but also the average throughput improved. Together, the results demonstrated that deep learning can be used to predict and output stable values from data with complicated time fluctuations that are difficultly analyzed.

PENGARUH FASILITAS KERJA DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (STUDI PADA CV. ZAM - ZAM JOMBANG)

This study aims to determine the effect of work facilities and communication on employee performance at CV. Zam – Zam Jombang. This study uses quantitative study methods. The sampling technique used is the Saturated Sampling (Census) in which all population members were sampled. So the sample in this study was 32 respondents. Data collection techniques using study instruments namely questionnaire. The instrument testing techniques are validity test and reliability test, data analysis technique uses the classical assumption test, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that: 1) Work facilities have a significant effect on employee performance at CV. Zam – Zam Jombang, 2) Communication has no significant effect on employee performance on CV. Zam – Zam Jombang, 3) Simultaneous work and communication facilities have a significant effect on employee performance at CV. Zam – Zam Jombang.

Watching them grow: Intergenerational video‐calling among transnational families in the age of smartphones

AbstractThis paper investigates the novel forms of intergenerational communication in transnational families introduced by the widespread use of video‐calls on smartphones. Centring on the kin‐keeping role of the mother, the study analyses 30 semi‐structured interviews with migrant Turkish mothers living in 10 different countries around the world, as the facilitators of video‐calls and intergenerational mediators. It is argued that smartphone mediated video‐calls add new dimensions to the communication that expand the possibilities of self‐expression and bonding for the migrant child with their grandparents in the form of visual performance, spatial sharing and spatio‐temporal longing, while offering new ways of carrying out traditional grandparenting roles in a digitalized setting. Such intergenerational communication is mediated by migrant mothers as manifested through the practice of simultaneous multigenerational communication engaging all three generations on different forms of exchange enabled by the device itself. Although the new generation born into the digital age struggle with the paradox of separation vis‐à‐vis virtual togetherness, everyday video‐calls on smartphones not only help keep the image of ‘family’ alive for the migrant child, they also generate a circumambient virtual setting that permits the transfer of family culture, knowledge and values wherein the younger generation can learn from the parent–grandparent relationship model.

SATPAS: SINR-based adaptive transmission power assignment with scheduling in wireless sensor network

In this work, a centralized metaheuristic algorithm is proposed for assigning minimum transmission power to each sensor node for every transmission link along with a scheduling slot while satisfying the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio constraint in the Wireless Sensor Network. Simultaneous communication in all communication links is not possible while maintaining SINR constraints. Thus, the algorithm also tries to maximize the number of concurrent transmission links in each scheduling slot. We formulate the optimization problem with two objective functions as (i) Communication link wise adaptive and minimum transmission power assignment together with scheduling slot number and (ii) Minimization of the required number of scheduling slots. Probabilistic interference model, which is more realistic, is used for calculating the receiver interference, unlike the graph-based interference model mostly described in the literature. Genetic Algorithm with Edge-set and Edge-window-decoder chromosome representation schemes are used for optimization. Extensive simulations are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of proposed algorithms using different benchmark data sets and special network topologies like spiral, cluster, and mesh. Our proposed algorithm outperforms the existing MST-based algorithm in terms of minimum transmission power requirement, number of scheduling slots required, and rate of convergence.

Sensor Information Sharing Using a Producer-Consumer Algorithm on Small Vehicles.

There are several tools, frameworks, and algorithms to solve information sharing from multiple tasks and robots. Some applications such as ROS, Kafka, and MAVLink cover most problems when using operating systems. However, they cannot be used for particular problems that demand optimization of resources. Therefore, the objective was to design a solution to fit the resources of small vehicles. The methodology consisted of defining the group of vehicles with low performance or are not compatible with high-level known applications; design a reduced, modular, and compatible architecture; design a producer-consumer algorithm that adjusts to the simultaneous localization and communication of multiple vehicles with UWB sensors; validate the operation with an interception task. The results showed the feasibility of performing architecture for embedded systems compatible with other applications managing information through the proposed algorithm allowed to complete the interception task between two vehicles. Another result was to determine the system’s efficiency by scaling the memory size and comparing its performance. The work’s contributions show the areas of opportunity to develop architectures focusing on the optimization of robot resources and complement existing ones.

Interprofessional and Intraprofessional Communication about Older People's Medications across Transitions of Care.

Communication breakdowns contribute to medication incidents involving older people across transitions of care. The purpose of this paper is to examine how interprofessional and intraprofessional communication occurs in managing older patients’ medications across transitions of care in acute and geriatric rehabilitation settings. An ethnographic design was used with semi-structured interviews, observations and focus groups undertaken in an acute tertiary referral hospital and a geriatric rehabilitation facility. Communication to manage medications was influenced by the clinical context comprising the transferring setting (preparing for transfer), receiving setting (setting after transfer) and ‘real-time’ (simultaneous communication). Three themes reflected these clinical contexts: dissemination of medication information, safe continuation of medications and barriers to collaborative communication. In transferring settings, nurses and pharmacists anticipated communication breakdowns and initiated additional communication activities to ensure safe information transfer. In receiving settings, all health professionals contributed to facilitating safe continuation of medications. Although health professionals of different disciplines sometimes communicated with each other, communication mostly occurred between health professionals of the same discipline. Lack of communication with pharmacists occurred despite all health professionals acknowledging their important role. Greater levels of proactive preparation by health professionals prior to transfers would reduce opportunities for errors relating to continuation of medications.

A 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnostic system in an intensive care unit

BackgroundTeleultrasound provides an effective solution to problems that arise from limited medical resources, a lack of local expertise, and scenarios where the risk of infection is high. This study aims to explore the feasibility of the application of a 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnostic system in an intensive care unit.MethodsIn this study, the robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnostic system MGIUS-R3 was used. Using 5G network technology, the doctor manipulates the robotic arm to perform teleultrasound examination. The doctor can adjust parameters via the teleultrasound control panel, and real-time transmission of audio, video and ultrasound images can facilitate simultaneous communication between both parties. All patients underwent robot-assisted teleultrasound examination and bedside ultrasound examination of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidney, as well as assessment for pleural effusion and abdominal effusion. We evaluated the feasibility of the application of the robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system in the intensive care unit in terms of consultation duration, image quality, and safety. We also compared diagnostic consistency and differences.ResultsApart from one patient who was excluded due to severe intestinal gas interference and poor image quality, a total of 32 patients were included in this study. Every patient completed all relevant examinations. Among them, 20 patients were male; 12 were female. The average age of the patients was 61 ± 20 years. The average duration of teleultrasound diagnosis was 17 ± 7 min. Of the 32 patients, 26 had positive results, 6 had negative results, and 5 had inconsistent diagnoses. The overall diagnostic results were basically the same, and there were no differences in diagnostic levels between the two. The overall average image quality score was 4.73 points, which represented a high-quality image. After robot-assisted teleultrasound examination, no significant changes were observed in the vital signs of patients as compared to before examination, and no examination-related complications were found.ConclusionThe 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnostic system was associated with the benefits of clear images, simple operation, relatively high levels of consistency in terms of diagnostic results, higher levels of safety, and has considerable application value in the intensive care unit.

Signal Detection and Identification in an Optical Camera Communication System in Moving State

Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a signal transmitting source to simultaneously realize lighting and data communication, and the spectrum resources are abundant. Since the visible light communication system with a photodiode (PD) as the receiver has some weaknesses, such as narrow field of view (FOV), inaccurate alignment in moving state, and inadaptability for indoor communication environments, an optical camera communication (OCC) system based on target detection algorithm is proposed in this paper. The system applies a LED array mounted on a moving AGV (automated guided vehicle) as the signal transmitter and a CCD camera as the receiver to realize data transmission in an outdoor environment. In this paper, a VLC MIMO channel model is constructed to verify that simultaneous communication of multiple LEDs through MIMO channels can effectively reduce bit error rate. The designed OCC system utilizes an image processing algorithm based on target detection to detect and identify light signals, realizing relatively stable and reliable communication in the state of motion. The distance from the signal transmitter to the receiver ranges from 6m to 14m.