Simulation Of Movement Research Articles

Visualization simulation of aerobic gymnastics movements using thermal radiation images based on image tracking: Mechanism of heat transfer during exercise

Visualization simulation of aerobic gymnastics movements using thermal radiation images based on image tracking: Mechanism of heat transfer during exercise

Hall MHD Simulations of MARFE movements in limiter and divertor configurations

Abstract MARFE movements in limiter and divertor configurations are studied using impurity Hall MHD code CLT. We simulate the MARFE movement experiment on J-TEXT and validated the simulation by comparing the line-averaged density and line radiation intensity between the simulation and the experiment. It is found that impurity radiation cooling enhances the Hall effect, leading to the MARFE movement. Impurity radiation cooling causes the locally enhanced distribution of the current density. When the enhanced current approaches close to the q=2 resonant surface, the tearing mode is excited. We also simulated MARFE movement in a lower divertor configuration with the X-point. The results show that the impurity radiation cooling at the X-point generates a clockwise poloidal velocity flow towards the high-field side. This velocity is mainly driven by the impurity radiation cooling while the Hall effect can be ignorable. When the temperature cooling is strong, this poloidal velocity is significant enough to drive MARFE towards the high-field side. Otherwise, MARFE remains located at the X-point.

Probability Modelling of Pedestrian Collision at Signalised Intersections

The behaviour of pedestrians and drivers at signalised intersections is analysed using three pedestrian safety evaluation methods and compared to a simulation of movement in real conditions. Results show that time of day is an important factor that affects the behaviour of drivers. Evening driving reduces the minimum distance and minimum 'Time to Crash' (TTC), implying that morning driving is less dangerous than driving in the evening. Vehicle movement and pedestrian-pedestrian movement only affect the minimum distance and minimum TTC. In addition, the pedestrian-passerby visibility factor is investigated to investigate the effects on drivers' behaviour. Based on this study, the results showed that the prediction model of pedestrian and vehicle interference has a good predictive performance.

Development of a Simplified Human Body Model for Movement Simulations

The main goal of this paper is to develop a simplified model of the human body motion system that enables its application for movement simulations and the analysis of the kinematic and dynamic parameters occurring during the performance of activities. The model is established on the basis of the modified Hanavan model and consists of rigid solids with simple geometry that are connected mostly with spherical joints. Based on anthropometric data from the literature, a complete set of equations parameterizing the dimensions and mass of each segment was formulated. The equations depend on only two body measurements (height and mass). The model is built in the Adams system as a 3D numerical dynamic model and tested using data gathered with an IMU sensors system. A volunteer lifting an object with a bent spine from the ground with both hands is used for this purpose. Three angles (from the IMUs) are applied to each model’s joint to best simulate human movement and to analyze the angular displacements, velocities, and torques. These results are consistent with theoretical expectations and assumptions, thus proving that reproducing human movements with the developed model is possible and that it also allows various parameters of the human body to be obtained.

Development of an Alternative Protocol to Study Muscle Fatigue.

When measuring real-time in vivo muscle fatigue with electromyography (EMG), data collection can be compromised by premature sensor removal or environmental noise; therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a postmortem in vivo methodology to induce muscle fatigue and measure it using EMG. Barrows (N = 20) were stratified by weight and randomly allocated into one of two treatments. The treatments consisted of barrows being subjected to a hog electric stunner super-contraction cycle (ES) or not (CON) postmortem. The right hind limb bicep femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) were selected for ambulatory movement simulation using electronic muscle stimulation (EMS). Muscle workload during EMS was measured with EMG using median power frequency (MdPF) and root mean square (RMS) as indicators of action potential velocity and muscle fiber recruitment. Ambulatory movement was induced and recorded for 20 min with a 4:4 duty cycle at 70 Hz. Muscle biopsies were collected pre- and post-EMS for metabolite analyses to corroborate muscle fatigue onset. There was a TRT × Muscle interaction for normalized RMS percentage (p < 0.01), where BF from CON barrows had greater values (p < 0.01). There were no interactions or TRT main effects for the MdPF normalized value (p ≥ 0.25), but there were Period and muscle effects on MdPF (p < 0.01). Bicep femoris had smaller (p < 0.01) MdPF than ST. The percentage of MdPF decreased (p < 0.01) by Period 5 compared to the other Periods, which did not differ from each other (p ≥ 0.38). There were TRT × Muscle and Muscle × Period interactions for ATP muscle concentration (p ≤ 0.03). The concentration of CON BF ATP was greater (p < 0.01) than that of ES BF and CON and ES ST, which did not differ from each other (p ≥ 0.11), but the APT concentration tended to differ between ES BF and ES ST (p = 0.06). Semitendinosus ATP concentration decreased (p < 0.01) post-EMS compared to ST pre- and BF pre- and post-EMS (p ≥ 0.29), but BF and ST concentration tended to differ pre-EMS (p = 0.07). The data indicated that EMS is a valuable tool for replicating ambulatory movement or physical activity, but super-contraction is not a means to accelerate postmortem muscle fatigue onset. Therefore, further refinement, such as longer EMS stimulation time, should be considered.

Predicting debris flow pathways using volume-based thresholds for effective risk assessment

Investigating the preferential flow path of a debris flow is crucial for quantifying the risk and developing mitigation strategies. Here, we examined 66 debris flows from the Western Ghats in India employing Rapid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMMS)::Debris Flow software to understand the kinematics of run-out. Our analysis revealed that the debris flow run-out in the study area follow two main routes: 60 along the existing stream channels (SC) and six following the steepest hill slope (SH). We further simulated these debris flows to identify their drivers, and derived a threshold that distinguishes between SC and SH-type debris flows. Our results indicate that the debris flow volumes greater than 7072 cu. m is SH-type, whereas those with smaller volumes are more likely to follow SC paths. The model’s accuracy was validated against field observations, achieving a success rate of 93% for SH-type flows and 85% for SC.

The impact of AIGC on simulating realistic human movement for immersive learning in film and television education

This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) on teaching realistic human movement simulation in film and television education, with a focus on biomechanical principles. Through a 12-week randomized controlled study involving 46 students from three leading Chinese film academies, we examined the effectiveness of AIGC-based motion simulation systems compared to traditional teaching methods. Using a mixed-method approach, the study evaluated learning outcomes, technical accuracy, and user experience, emphasizing the biomechanical accuracy of simulated movements. Results demonstrated significantly higher performance in the AIGC group across multiple metrics, including motion accuracy (94.3% vs. 82.5%, p &lt; 0.001), skill acquisition rates (improvement rate: 46.1% vs. 33.8%, p &lt; 0.001), and knowledge retention (96.4% vs. 91.1%, p &lt; 0.001). The AIGC system showed superior technical performance with 99.7% uptime and motion-to-photon latency below 20 ms, ensuring real-time responsiveness crucial for biomechanical training. Student engagement levels were notably higher in the AIGC group (92.4% vs. 78.6%, p &lt; 0.001), with improved system usability scores (SUS: 87.3/100) compared to industry benchmarks. This research provides empirical evidence supporting the integration of AIGC technologies in film and television education, particularly in simulating realistic human movements grounded in biomechanical principles. The findings offer valuable insights for curriculum development and educational technology implementation in creative fields.

Towards sporadic demand stock management based on simulation with single reorder point estimation

The goal of this paper is to decide whether bootstrapping and/or linear regression are suitable to estimate an initial reorder point in sporadic demand stock management based on past stock movement simulation (PSMS) in combination with neighborhood search-oriented optimization. Thus, we randomly generate demand data including 20–80% zero demand periods and simulate continuous review, fixed order quantity inventory control policy (R, Q) for 4 different arrangements of PSMS combined with local search (LS) with a number of bootstrapping sampling runs ranging from 5 to 500. The original idea of LS is to underestimate order lead time demand using linear regression (LR), overestimate lead time demand with the help of bootstrapping (B) and search the generated interval using PSMS to return R, Q with the optimal trade-off between inventory costs and service level. The outputs gained from simulation experiments show that avoiding the generation of overestimated reorder point with B seems to be a more sensible choice as the consumption of computational time is significantly higher than in case of LR. On the other hand, using an LR based initial reorder point may require the exploration of neighborhood in both directions, while B rather enables a more efficient one-way search as it suffers from significantly less blindness caused by PSMS compensating underestimated order lead time demand with increased replenishment orders. Furthermore, estimating just one initial reorder point brings a better opportunity to control the consumption of computational time through assigning a certain amount of computational time to every change of the initial reorder point, as a time to evaluate a single R, Q combination via PSMS is relatively stable.

Multifractal Analysis of Temporal Variation in Soil Pore Distribution

Soil structure, a critical indicator of soil quality, significantly influences agricultural productivity by impacting on the soil’s capacity to retain and deliver water, nutrients, and salts. Quantitative study of soil structure has always been a challenge because it involves complex spatial-temporal variability. This study employs multifractal analysis to assess the temporal variation in soil pore distribution, a pivotal factor in soil structure. Field observation data were collected in a sandy loam area of the People’s Victory Canal Irrigation scheme in Henan Province, China. A 200 m × 200 m test plot with five sampling points was used to collect soil samples at three depth layers (10–30 cm, 30–50 cm, and 50–70 cm) for soil water retention curve and particle size composition analysis, with a total of seven sampling events throughout the growing season. The results revealed that while soil particle-size distribution (Particle-SD) showed minor temporal changes, soil pore-size distribution (Pore-SD) experienced significant temporal fluctuations over a cropping season, both following a generalized power law, indicative of multifractal traits. Multifractal parameters of Pore-SD were significantly correlated with soil bulk density, with the strongest correlation in the topsoil layer (10–30 cm). The dynamic changes in soil pore structure suggest potential variations during saturation–unsaturation cycles, which could be crucial for soil water movement simulations using the Richards equation. The study concludes that incorporating time-varying parameters in simulating soil water transport can enhance the accuracy of predictions.

Passenger Queue Simulation Analysis and Optimization at The Check-in Counter of Yogyakarta International Airport

Air transportation has a role in providing services to deliver people and goods in a relatively shorter time. Queues will increase due to the relatively low quality and quantity of service. This can happen at the Yogyakarta International Airport check-in counter. This research uses a comparison method between the queuing system and arena software. The queuing system used is a single channel-single phase. The airlines that will be studied are Lion Air and Super Air Jet. The samples used respectively were 65 passengers and 61 passengers from Lion Air and Super Air Jet airlines. Data collection was carried out during peak hours. With this passenger movement simulation model, it is possible to determine the length of queue experienced by passengers at each check-in counter, the time to be served, and the check-in counter staff that must be provided. The length of time queuing for passengers for each airline is that for Lion Air the length of time queuing at the check-in counter is 18,6 minutes with an additional 1 officer from before and for Super Air Jet it is 28,5 minutes with an additional 1 officer from the previous check-in counter.

El Botellón: Modeling the Movement of Crowds in a City

A simulation of crowd movement in a city is studied under various assumptions about interactions between people. We find, in general, that there are two modes of steady-state behavior. The crowd may be distributed across the city, or it may end up gathered in one place. A mathematical model describes the long-term behavior and shows that this change in behavior is sensitive to a critical parameter setting in our model. Some alternative interpretations of the results are formulated.

Risk assessment of potential rock collapse in Fenghuang Mountain, three gorges reservoir area, China

On 8 October 2017, persistent heavy rainfall triggered a rock collapse on Fenghuang Mountain in Wuxi Town, located within the Three Gorges Reservoir region of China. Subsequent field investigations and monitoring identified several potentially unstable rock masses in the area, posing a significant threat to the safety of nearby residents and their property. In this study,the Rapid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMMS) numerical tool was used to perform a back analysis of the rock collapse event. The well calibrated numerical model was then used to assess the risk of the potential unstable rock masses in the study area. The rock collapse on Fenghuang Mountain descended rapidly along the slope, with the dislodged material accumulating at the base and obstructing the road at the foot of the slope. Some debris breached the embankment and entered the Daning River. The computed maximum velocity during the rock collapse event was approximately 9.14 m/s, with an average maximum deposit thickness of around 4.48 m. The back-analysis of the rock collapse event closely aligns with the observed failure process and deposit morphology documented through field investigation. Using the well calibrated numerical model, a dynamic analysis was conducted on the potential unstable rock mass. The risk assessment indicates that the potential unstable rock mass is prone to instability, with a high likelihood of a subsequent rockfall under extreme rainfall conditions. The computed average maximum velocity for the potential rockfall is 33.83 m/s, with an average maximum deposit thickness of 2.20 m. The computed maximum impact pressure is about 164 kPa, which would result in significant damage to the road below. Additionally, a maximum wave height of 1.38 m from the surge caused by potential rockfall entering the Daning River was calculated by a semi-empirical model. This research offers a novel approach and methodology for assessing the risk of such hazardous events in similar geological setting globally.

An open-source software for the simulation of fixational eye movements

Abstract Laser-scanning confocal microscopy of the human cornea acquires in vivoimages of corneal tissues with cellular resolution, which offers diagnostic potential for a variety of diseases. However, involuntary fixational eye movements induce motion artefacts that pose a challenge for accurate morphometric analysis and particularly for preceding image data fusion steps. Different image registration algorithms promise to eliminate such artefacts, but objective, quantitative evaluation of the registration results is difficult because of the lack of ground truth data. Simulation approaches offer a possibility to close this gap. Existing open-source software for the simulation of fixational eye movements is currently limited to creating drift movement. The present contribution proposes complementary models for microsaccade and tremor components to provide complete simulated fixational eye movement paths. In addition, it reports results from an extensive examination of different model parameter combinations. It is shown that the microsaccade model is capable of reproducing intermicrosaccade intervals that closely resemble experimental data. A software implementation is provided as open-source Python modules.

Numerical study of ice crystal movement and melting in rotating blade channels

The motion and melting characteristics of ice crystals in the rotating blade channel are investigated. Firstly, the method of calculating local collection coefficient is proposed for rotating parts. Secondly, the numerical simulation of ice crystal movement and melting in the rotating blade channel is carried out to analyze the influence of ice crystal geometry parameters and working condition changes on the ice crystal impact location and ice crystal melting rate. The results show: ① the collection coefficient of ice crystal at the leading edge of the blade is the highest, the trailing edge of the pressure surface is also the area where the ice crystal may impact, while the root of the blade is less affected by centrifugal force; ② the larger the ice crystal content, the larger the collection rate of ice crystal at the same position on the blade surface; the larger the ice crystal diameter, the larger the collection rate of ice crystal at the suction surface, the smaller the collection rate of ice crystal at the pressure surface; the higher the non-spherical degree of ice crystal, the more likely the ice crystal will impact on the pressure surface; the higher the non-sphericity of ice crystals, the easier it is for the ice crystals to impact on the pressure surface; when the rotational speed decreases, the ice crystals are more likely to impact on the suction surface, and the impact area is also larger and closer to the blade root; ③ The melting ice crystals impacting on the pressure surface are more widely distributed, and the pressure surface is more prone to ice crystal adhesion and freezing than the suction surface; while, there are also melted ice crystals on the suction surface near the trailing edge, where ice crystals may also adhere; the larger the ice crystal content, the larger the diameter, the larger the non-sphericity, and when the rotational speed increases, the melting rate of ice crystals decreases.

Simulation of fiber movement in the high speed vortex during the rotor spinning process

Abstract A physical model of the air extraction rotor spinning channel was established in SolidWorks 2018 to explore the movement of the fiber in the rotor and the fiber transport channel. A fiber model was built using EDEM2018. Using the coupling software Fluent 19.0 and EDEM2018, a numerical analysis of the movement of fibers in the fiber transport channel and rotor was carried out. The research in this study provides a strong theoretical basis and technical support for further development of new rotor-spun yarns and optimization of key components with a short spinning process, high yarn-forming efficiency, and strong fiber adaptability.

Mate Choice in Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in Response to Virtual Mates: A Method for the Investigation of Fish Mate Choice Using Maya 3D Simulation Technology.

Visual signals are crucial for animals to obtain information about their environment, and they play a significant role in mate choice. However, individual variability and factors such as movement patterns can hinder research flexibility. A key challenge in this field is the accurate simulation of specific movements and behaviors. In this study, we investigated the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) by creating 3D simulation animations using the Maya 2018 software. Meanwhile, we validated the effectiveness of this animation through dichotomous association preference tests. The results showed that our subjects could successfully identify 3D simulated mates, and both males and females demonstrated pronounced preferences for larger simulated animations. Moreover, our findings revealed that this species exhibited a notably stronger preference for 3D simulations compared to 2D animations. These findings suggest that 3D simulation technology holds significant potential for the investigation of fish mate choice, offering an efficient, precise, standardized, and easily manageable non-invasive method for future research in fish behavior.

Simulation of Leachate Movement from Clay Geosynthetic Liners Using a Laboratory Model

Simulation of Leachate Movement from Clay Geosynthetic Liners Using a Laboratory Model

Online Graded Motor Imagery Is Effective in Women Diagnosed with Pelvic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Effective therapeutic strategies are crucial for managing Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD), a condition presenting challenges for both patients and health care providers. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an online Graded Motor Imagery program in alleviating pain intensity and improving sexual function in women diagnosed with GPPPD. Eighty-seven women were randomly assigned to either an online Graded Motor Imagery group or a control group. The online Graded Motor Imagery protocol involved engaging participants in 2-week segments of left/right judgment exercises, mental simulation of movements, and gradual exposure therapy. After 6weeks, we assessed pain intensity and sexual function. The control group gained access to the program upon study completion. The online Graded Motor Imagery group demonstrated a significant reduction in pain intensity, coupled with improvements in sexual function. Notably, participants with enhanced movement imagery abilities experienced greater improvements, while those with negative beliefs and thoughts regarding vaginal penetration showed lower sexual function scores. An online Graded Motor Imagery program is effective in alleviating the pain burden faced by women dealing with GPPPD. Effectively addressing pelvic pain in patients remains a daunting challenge for physical therapists. Therefore, implementing efficient and easily accessible strategies is crucial. The incorporation of Graded Motor Imagery intervention proves to be an effective approach for improving both pain and sexual functioning in women with GPPPD.

Investigation of Forces Applied to an Artificial Nipple Using a Four‐Node Model Simulating Infant Tongue Movement

The purpose of this study is to estimate the forces applied to several types of artificial nipples using a four‐node model that simulates the tongue movements of infants during sucking. A tongue movement simulator was developed using data previously collected from a population of more than 100 infants. We showed that different artificial nipples result in different output forces when the same force is applied at a given position in the four‐node model. We also showed that the force output varied with slight changes in the position of a given artificial nipple. Furthermore, the analysis of force in 62 cases as a function of the position of the bottle (different lengths, heights, and angles) using multiple regression suggested a relationship between force and bottle position. The findings of this study confirm the importance of estimating the force quantitatively. Further research in this direction can contribute to identify selection criteria and assess the insertion position of artificial nipples. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Numerical simulation of the movement of the water surface with macroscopic particles during a partial dam break for various complex reliefs

In this paper, it was considered a numerical simulation of the water surface movement during the partial collapse of the destruction of a dam with complex terrain. The numerical simulations took into account debris after a partial collapse of the dam, which imitates debris and moves downstream with the water flow. Carrying out these calculations brings the results closer to the real scenario. The mathematical model was based on the Navier–Stokes equations and uses the turbulent large eddy method (LES) model describing the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid. To describe the movement of a two-phase fluid, the volume of fluid (VOF) methods for the phase were used, and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) and Macroscopic Particle Model (MPM) were used to describe the movement of particles. For the numerical solution of this system of equations, the Pressure Implicit Split Operator (PISO) numerical algorithm was chosen. The results show that the model is accurate and capable of handling very complex interactions such as particle transport or hydrodynamic actions on structures if the appropriate scales are reproduced. Also in this work, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the flow of a dam break on uneven terrain was considered and combined problems were performed that are closer to real conditions. For combined problems, flood zones and flood times were determined, knowledge of which will help evacuate people from dangerous areas. The accuracy of the 3D model and the selected numerical algorithm were verified using two natural measurements.