Landslide Simulation Research Articles

Mount ontake landslide simulation by the Cellular Automata model SCIDDICA-3

Cellular Automata (CA), a paradigm of parallel computing, represent an alternative to differential equations and are used for modelling and simulating very complex phenomena; CA models have been developed by our research group for the simulation of landslides. We present SCIDDICA-3, our most efficient model, a two-dimensional CA model together with the simulation results of the Mount Ontake (Japan) debris avalanche which occurred in 1984. Landslides are viewed as a dynamic system based exclusively on local interactions with discrete time and space, where space is represented by square cells, whose specifications (states) describe physical and chemical characteristics (friction, viscosity, altitude, debris thickness, etc.) of the corresponding portion of space. At the time t=0, cells are in states which describe initial conditions; the CA evolves then changing the state of all cells simultaneously at discrete times. Input for each cell is given by the states in the adjacent cells; the outflow computation from the cells gives the evolution of the phenomenon. The comparison between the real and simulated event is satisfying within limits to forecast the surface covered by debris.

Large‐scale landslide simulations: Global deformation, velocities and basal friction

The cause of the apparent small friction exhibited by long runout landslides has long been speculated upon. In an attempt to provide some insight into the matter, this paper describes results obtained from a discrete particle computer simulation of landslides composed of up to 1,000,000 two‐dimensional discs. While simplified, the results show many of the characteristics of field data (the volumetric effect on runout, preserved strata, etc.) and with allowances made for the two‐dimensional nature of the simulation, the runouts compare well with those of actual landslides. The results challenge the current view that landslides travel as a nearly solid block riding atop a low friction basal layer. Instead, they show that the mass is completely shearing and indicate that the apparent friction coefficient is an increasing function of shear rate. The volumetric effect can then be understood. With all other conditions being equal, different size slides appear to travel with nearly the same average velocity; however, as the larger landslides are thicker, they experience smaller shear rates and correspondingly smaller fractional resistance.

Self-Lubrication for Long Runout Landslides

Previous articleNext article No AccessDiscussion and ReplySelf-Lubrication for Long Runout LandslidesCharles S. CampbellCharles S. Campbell Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Geology Volume 98, Number 5Sep., 1990 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/629445 Views: 5Total views on this site Citations: 7Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1990 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Juan Hou, Mengxi Zhang, Qiang Chen, Dong Wang, Akbar Javadi, Shilun Zhang Failure-mode analysis of loose deposit slope in Ya’an-Kangding Expressway under seismic loading using particle flow code, Granular Matter 21, no.11 (Dec 2018).https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-018-0859-1Chia-Ming Lo, Meng-Chia Weng, Ming-Lang Lin, Shun-Min Lee, Kuo-Chen Lee Landscape evolution characteristics of large-scale erosion and landslides at the Putanpunas Stream, Taiwan, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 9, no.11 (Dec 2017): 175–195.https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2017.1414079Chia-Ming Lo, Ming-Lang Lin, Chao-Lung Tang, Jyr-Ching Hu A kinematic model of the Hsiaolin landslide calibrated to the morphology of the landslide deposit, Engineering Geology 123, no.1-21-2 (Nov 2011): 22–39.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.07.002Chao-Lung Tang, Jyr-Ching Hu, Ming-Lang Lin, Jacques Angelier, Chia-Yu Lu, Yu-Chang Chan, Hao-Tsu Chu The Tsaoling landslide triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan: Insights from a discrete element simulation, Engineering Geology 106, no.1-21-2 (May 2009): 1–19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.02.011G. Wadge, P.W. Francis, C.F. Ramirez The Socompa collapse and avalanche event, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 66, no.1-41-4 (Jul 1995): 309–336.https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00083-SCharles S. Campbell, Paul W. Cleary, Mark Hopkins Large-scale landslide simulations: Global deformation, velocities and basal friction, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 100, no.B5B5 (Sep 2012): 8267–8283.https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00937Paul W. Cleary, Charles S. Campbell Self-lubrication for Long Runout Landslides: Examination by computer simulation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 98, no.B12B12 (Sep 2012): 21911–21924.https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB02380

Analysis and mathematical simulation of a large landslide formed by composite mechnism : Huang, R Q; Zhang, Z Y Proc 5th International Symposium on Landslides, Lausanne, 10–15 July 1988VI, P673–678. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988

Analysis and mathematical simulation of a large landslide formed by composite mechnism : Huang, R Q; Zhang, Z Y Proc 5th International Symposium on Landslides, Lausanne, 10–15 July 1988VI, P673–678. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988

The Vajont reservoir slope failure

This work presents a numerical method for the simulation of landslides generated impulse waves and its application to the historical Vajont case study. The computational tool is based on the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), a Lagrangian strategy that combines the finite element solution of the governing equations with an efficient remeshing strategy to deal with large deformation problems. After presenting the numerical formulation, different landslide impulse wave problems with Froude number ranging from 0.5 to 2.8, are analyzed to validate the proposed methodology. The computational method is shown to be able to reproduce accurately the landslide runout, the momentum transfer between the sliding material and the impounded water, and the consequent wave propagation observed in experimental physical models. Then, the PFEM model is applied to the numerical simulation of the Vajont disaster, which is analyzed with a fully-resolved three-dimensional model. The numerical results are discussed and compared to the post-event observations and the numerical results of other computational methods. The results in terms of landslide velocity and runout, geometry of the deposit, maximum water runup, dam overtopping wave, and water discharge in the downstream valley are in good agreement with observations and reconstructions. The calibration and validation performed for this study form the basis for the PFEM analyses presented in a companion paper finalized to simulate different scenarios of the Vajont rockslide considered in the experimental tests done a year before the disaster.

4352020 Method and apparatus for examining a subject

We outline a continuum approach for treating discrete granular flows that holds across multiple scales: from experiments that focus on centimeter-size control volumes, to tests that involve landslides and large buildings. The time evolution of the continuum used to capture the granular dynamics is resolved in space via the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The interaction between the granular material and immersed rigid bodies is posed and solved as a “fluid”–solid interaction (FSI) problem using boundary conditions enforcing (BCE) SPH particles rigidly attached onto the boundary of the body interacting with the granular material. A new penetration-based particle shifting technique (PPST) is proposed to enforce the particle regularity and thus a stable simulation. Several numerical experiments (angle of repose, ball drop, and cone penetration) are carried out to validate the accuracy of the proposed methodology. The approach is subsequently demonstrated in conjunction with a 3D landslide simulation and a plowing operation. The approach discussed has been implemented and can be used in an open source simulation platform publicly available on GitHub. The implementation leverages GPU computing.