Simulation Technology Research Articles

“Step into Medicine” — a pilot project of the Program “Education by Service”

In the period from February to June 2024, on the basis of the Institute of Accreditation and Simulation Technologies of the Northern State Medical University of Arkhangelsk, a pilot project was implemented within the framework of the "Ministry Training" program, which was called the "Step into Medicine Excursion Program". The social partner of the project was the Ministry of Education of the Arkhangelsk region. The social task set by the partner is to involve schoolchildren in the world of medicine, popularize medical professions among schoolchildren, and increase the level of literacy in the field of health protection.

Application of Computer Simulation Technology in the Development of Tractor Transmission Systems

Tractors are the most important agricultural power machinery. With the development of tractors toward large-scale and electrification, the design of modern tractor transmission systems increasingly relies on computer simulation technology. However, tractor transmission systems, especially power-shift transmissions and CVTs, are highly complex industrial products that involve specialized knowledge from multiple disciplines. Engineers and researchers find it difficult to choose the correct mathematical model and grasp the trend of technological development when applying simulation technology. To address this issue, we conducted a systematic review of the field and carried out the following work: First, the types and basic principles of tractor transmission systems were introduced; Second, the modeling methods and applications of computer simulation technology in the structural optimization, power-shift control, and energy saving of tractor transmission systems were reviewed; Finally, the method of obtaining simulation parameters through system identification was introduced. Although computer simulation technology has been applied in the development of all tractor transmission systems, there are still some issues that need attention, such as the lack of established shift quality evaluation indicators and driving cycles suitable for tractors, which are crucial for the reliability of simulation results but are rarely studied. These issues need to be addressed in future work.

In silico assessments of the small molecular boron agents to pave the way for artificial intelligence-based boron neutron capture therapy

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a highly targeted, selective and effective technique to cure various types of cancers, with less harm to the healthy cells. In principle, BNCT treatment needs to distribute the 10boron (10B) atoms inside the tumor tissues, selectively and homogeneously, as well as to initiate a nuclear fission reaction by capturing sufficient neutrons which releases high linear energy particles to kill the tumor cells. In BNCT, it is crucial to have high quality boron agents with acceptable bio-selectivity, homogeneous distribution and deliver in required quantity, similar to chemotherapy and other radiotherapy for tumor treatment. Nevertheless, boron drugs currently used in clinical trials yet to meet the full requirements. On the other hand, BNCT processing has opened up the era of renaissance due to the advanced development of the high-quality neutron source and the global construction of new BNCT centers. Consequently, there is an urgent need to use boron agents that have increased biocapacity. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation technologies have been utilized to develop new medicines. In this work, the in silico assessments including bioinformatics assessments of BNCT related tumoral receptor proteins, computational assessments of optimized small molecules of boron agents, are employed to speed up the screening process for boron drugs. The outcomes will be applicable to pave the way for future BNCT that utilizes artificial intelligence. The in silico molecular docking and dynamic simulation results of the optimized small boron agents, such as 4-borono-l-phenylalanine (BPA) with optimized proteins like the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LTA1, also known as SLC7A5) will be examined. The in silico assessments results will certainly be helpful to researchers in optimizing druggable boron agents for the BNCT application. The clinical status of the optimized proteins, which are highly relevant to cancers that may be treated with BNCT, has been assessed using bioinformatics technology and discussed accordingly. Furthermore, the evaluations of cytotoxicity (IC50), boron uptake and tissue distribution of the optimized ligands 1 and 7 have been presented.

Graphene-assisted metamaterial absorber for refractive index sensor at lower optical frequencies

Numerical studies on a graphene-assisted metamaterial absorber operating at lower optical frequencies are presented. The metamaterial absorber comprises one-dimensional gold grating with a gold disk array in grooves on a monolayer graphene supported by a glass substrate. Numerical simulations are conducted using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio to investigate the underlying absorption mechanisms in the system. The absorber shows a very sharp absorption band with almost unity absorptance and nearly 20 nm full width at half maximum at a wavelength of 766 nm. The simulated absorption spectrum of the absorber is theoretically validated using coupled mode theory, showing close agreement with the theoretical predictions. The absorption occurs due to the simultaneous excitation of localized and propagating surface plasmons under the transverse electric mode (where the electric field is aligned parallel to the length of the grating ridge) excitation in the system. The sensing performance of the absorber has been evaluated, demonstrating a sensitivity as high as 667 nm/RIU. Due to the robustness of the design, this absorber can be used to sense biological, chemical, gaseous, and even acidic samples since it is not comprised of any photoresist. The absorber holds potential for diverse applications, including graphene-based devices, narrowband filters, thermal emitters, solar cells, imaging apparatus, etc.

Hybrid Simulation of Therapeutic Appointment — a New Step in Creating Effective Training for Practical Healthcare

The main difference of the author's educational program "Therapeutic patient at an outpatient appointment" is the introduction of simulation technologies. The course structure includes 5 days of training, during which sequential and joint use of interactive lectures is used, based on international recommendations and treatment protocols of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the development of practical skills on modern simulation equipment.

4D printing of magneto-responsive shape memory nano-composite for stents

Abstract This study focuses on the 4D printing simulation technique of magneto-responsive shape memory nanocomposite stents. A nanocomposite material was created by incorporating polycaprolactone, a shape memory material, with Fe3O4 to enhance magnetic responsiveness and stiffness. Tensile tests were conducted, and the material properties were applied to finite element analysis. Shape memory experiments were also performed to measure the temperature at which shape memory progression occurs due to magnetic response. In the 4D printing simulation, different coefficients of thermal expansion and the measured temperatures were reflected in the sections where shape memory is activated to implement shape memory behavior. The specimen simulation confirmed shape memory behavior progressing from 145 degrees to 3 degrees, while the stent simulation demonstrated satisfactory expansion to a radius of 3 mm. This study proposes a controllable method for implementing shape memory considering temperatures induced by magnetic response, showing potential for various medical device applications.

Experience of Holding the All-Russian Olympiad in Therapy with International Participation on the DIMEDUS Platform

Simulation technologies play a significant role in modern medical education, allowing to model clinical situations and hone the skills of medical specialists in a safe environment. The All-Russian Olympiad in Therapy with international participation became a platform for demonstrating the effectiveness of such technologies. This paper examines the use of the DIMEDUS platform for holding the Olympiad, and also analyzes the advantages and results of this approach and the platform as a whole.

Simulation Technologies in Obstetrics: Teaching in a New Way or Leaving the Status Quo?

The protection of reproductive health of the population of Russia has been declared by the country's leadership to be the most important state task and is one of the priority components of the National Projects "Healthcare", "Demography" and "Family". The development of the latest technologies in medicine determines the need to create and widely implement an innovative approach to the training and professional preparation of doctors. In this regard, there is a need to change the methodology for training doctors at present.

Innovative configurations for heat sink integrated with piezoelectric fans

Piezoelectric (PE) fans are gradually replacing conventional axial flow fans in the field of heat dissipation for microelectronics due to small size and high efficiency. However, the flow characteristic of PE fans was seldom considered when arranging heat sink fins, which could not utilize the fans’ advantages. Here, the design of fin arrangement based on the transient flow field generated by the vibration of dual PE fans in the channel was calculated and analyzed by CFD simulation and dynamic grid technology. Four zones with different flow field characteristics were found: Zones 1 and 4 which located inlet and outlet of the channel were Parallel flow zone. Zone 2 with vortices corresponds to the area ranges from the waist of blades to middle section of the channel was Multiple vortices flow zone. Zone 3 with high-speed vortices and jet flows corresponds to the area ranges from middle section of the channel to halfway downstream of blades region was Diffuse flow zone. Innovative configurations of heat sinks where fins arranged at the inlet and surrounding blades were designed according to the flow field characteristics: the loss of high-speed airflow to the inlet was prevented effectively and heat dissipation in the downstream heat sinks was dispersed by fins arranging in Parallel flow zone and Multiple vortices flow zone. The development and merging of high-speed vortices were strengthened by the inhomogeneous pin-fins arranging in Diffuse flow zone. The optimal coordination between the velocity field and the temperature gradient field among innovative configurations was found based on the field coordination analysis. Heat transfer performance was enhanced by new designs where the average temperature compared to conventional heat sink with PE fans was reduced by 16.7°. Our work provided a new fins arrangement to achieve uniform temperature distribution and high heat transfer performance for heat sink integrated with PE fans and would benefit the application in thermal management of high power devices integrated with PE fans.

Bringing the queen mother of the west to life: Digital reconstruction and analysis of Taoist Celestial Beings Worshiping mural’s apparel

Abstract Painted during the Yuan Dynasty, Taoist Celestial Beings Worshiping is a Taoist propaganda painting. It is one of the largest surviving ancient murals worldwide, featuring a variety of images of these beings dressed in costumes that vividly illustrate the blend of religious and artistic values in Chinese culture. To record and present the mural more intuitively and improve the study of Taoist Celestial Beings Worshiping, this article takes the example of five goddesses centered Queen Mother of the West in the mural and analyzes the styles, structures, colors, and patterns of the costumes from the perspective of costume engineering. Human models are established and the costumes at multiple levels are reconstruction by means of 3D virtual simulation technology. The display images are accompanied by QR codes, which can be scanned to view the 3D model. Finally, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to comprehensively evaluate the reconstruction effect of clothing, and the result was “good.” The resulting digital figure can realize the “revitalization of cultural relics” and provides a new perspective for the digital exhibition of murals, which is conducive to the development of digital tourism and promotes the development of traditional culture.

H-Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna: Design, Simulation, and Characterization

This paper presents the design, simulation, and characterization of an H-shape microstrip patch antenna intended for high-frequency applications. The proposed antenna is modeled using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio, a powerful tool for simulating electromagnetic fields and optimizing antenna parameters. The H-shaped configuration is chosen to enhance the antenna's radiation characteristics, bandwidth, and gain, while minimizing size and surface wave effects. The design process involves parameter optimization, including substrate selection, patch dimensions, and feed point configuration, to achieve superior performance. Detailed simulation results are presented, demonstrating the antenna's return loss, VSWR, gain, and radiation pattern. The antenna operates efficiently with stable resonance, offering low return loss and high radiation efficiency. The simulation results confirm that the H-shape microstrip patch antenna is well-suited for various wireless communication systems, showing potential for integration in compact, high-performance devices. This paper serves as a step towards further optimization and practical implementation of H-shape microstrip antennas in advanced RF systems.

Analysis of EFT Transmission Characteristics in Armoured Shielded Cables

Abstract Electrical fast transient pulses (EFT) generated when a gas-isolated substation (GIS) is switched on and off. The EFT is transmitted to the control chamber through the secondary control cable, which will cause the failure of the control equipment. In this paper, the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST (Computer Simulation Technology) is used to study the transmission characteristics of EFT in armored shielded control cables. First, an EFT analog signal is generated using an interference generator. Analyze the difference between the EFT analog signal and the EFT model in the IEC standard. The conversion method of FFT is used to analyze the spectral characteristics of EFT analog signals. According to the structural parameters, a 20-meter-long model of an armored shielded control cable was built in the CST cable studio The effect of the grounding of the shield and armor layers on the attenuation and crosstalk of EFT signals in the cable is studied. Finally, the EFT experiment of 1m long armored shielded cable is carried out, and the reliability of the research method is verified by comparing with the simulation results.

Energy efficient design of rural prefabricated buildings based on ANN and NSGA-II

The growing concern about global climate change and the rapid development of rural areas highlight the need for energy efficient building design. This study aims to establish a multi-objective optimization model based on artificial neural network (ANN) and non-dominated sorting Genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to optimize the energy consumption of rural prefabricated buildings. Firstly, ANN and simulation technology are used to build building models and predict building energy consumption. Then, NSGA-II algorithm was used to optimize the energy consumption and material selection of the building, and the best prefabricated building scheme was obtained. The experimental results show that the optimization efficiency of the model is about 95%, which is better than the traditional method. Specifically, compared with the NSGA-II algorithm, the model reduces energy consumption by 16.7%, operating costs by 20.0%, and carbon emissions by 20.0%. When the cost optimization, energy consumption optimization and carbon emission optimization are difficult to balance, the average optimization efficiency of the research design method is about 90% when the cost optimization rate is low, and the other optimization rates are about 85% when the cost optimization rate rises to 50%. When the cost optimization reaches the maximum, the optimization rate remains at about 80%. These results show that the proposed model is robust and efficient. This study provides a comprehensive framework for designing sustainable and energy efficient rural prefabricated buildings that can help reduce energy consumption and environmental impact. It has positive significance in the sustainable development of rural economy and provides a new way of thinking for rural construction.

Numerical study on the motion characteristics of free fall lifeboats entering calm water and rough sea

As ocean engineering operations extend into deeper seas, the working environment becomes increasingly complex, making free fall lifeboats (FFLBs) more vital for maritime disaster rescues. Unlike traditional davit-launched lifeboats, FFLBs are propelled into the water at a specific velocity and angle, engaging in a complex motion process of launch, impact, submersion, and resurfacing. Therefore, to assess the safety of FFLBs, this paper regarding the lifeboat as a rigid body aims to investigate the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristics of lifeboat entering the water with different entry angles θ and wave environment, with a specific focus on analyzing the primary causes of capsizing. The numerical simulations of water entry with various θ, wave heights H, and relative entry positions are carried out by combining large eddy simulation and overset mesh technology. The free surface is captured by the volume of fluid method, and the attitude change, acceleration change, motion trajectory, and free surface evolution law of lifeboats are analyzed. The findings suggest that lifeboats can enter calm water safely at θ of 20°–50° and maintain a stable posture. Moreover, in extreme conditions where θ is either 0° or 90°, there is a high risk of entry failure due to excessive vertical acceleration and poor motion attitude, respectively. Furthermore, when facing waves, lifeboats experience reduced horizontal displacement when entering at peak and downward zero point compared to calm water conditions, which poses challenges for avoiding potential dangers.

Evaluation of the power loss in IGBT single transistor device under the condition of pulse duration of 100 ns

The improvement in the reliability and lifespan of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices and the enhancement of system efficiency under high-frequency pulse conditions are receiving increasingly wide attention, and all of these are closely related to the evaluation of the power loss of the IGBT. The traditional method for assessing the power loss of the IGBT is through curve fitting of the dual-pulse experimental results, without delving into the conduction process of the IGBT and without considering the IGBT model itself and the parasitic parameters present in the test circuit. In response to the condition of a pulse duration of 100 ns for IGBT single devices, a universal test circuit has been designed to measure the collector-emitter voltage waveform and the collector current waveform. A method based on Computer Simulation Technology for field-circuit co-simulation to evaluate the power loss of the IGBT has been proposed, which takes into account the parasitic parameters in the actual circuit. In this method, the 3D model of the IGBT device, as well as the circuit model of the test circuit, is established. The power loss curve of the IGBT was obtained from the evaluation model, and the results agree well with the power loss curve obtained from experiments. This method provides guidance for seeking lower power loss in order to improve the reliability and lifespan of the IGBT, as well as enhance system efficiency. It also provides theoretical guidance for further research on the thermal damage mechanism of the IGBT.

The temperature field characteristics and amorphous formation ability during the continuous casting process of Zr-based bulk metallic glass

This study utilized FLUENT dynamic mesh simulation technology to simulate the temperature field distribution characteristics during the continuous casting (CC) process of 5 mm thick Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 (Vit1) bulk metallic glass (BMG), analyzed and discussed the amorphous forming ability of the Vit1 BMG plate prepared through CC. The results indicate that during the CC process, the temperature gradient and cooling rate of Vit1 BMG plate decrease with increasing distance from the cooling copper block surface and prolonged solidification time. Even at the lowest cooling rate, it still remains significantly higher than the critical cooling rate (Rc) of Vit1 bulk amorphous alloy. The temperature variations recorded by the thermocouple during the alloy melt solidification process are in basic agreement with the simulation data. The experimental test and simulation results show that 5 mm thick Vit1 BMG slab can be prepared theoretically by continuous casting technology. Finally, XRD, DSC and TEM were used to analyze the amorphous formation ability and microstructure of the Vit1 BMG slab.

Influence of secondary peak temperature on simulated ICCGHAZ microstructure and toughness of high-strength low-alloy steels

Abstract The ICCGHAZ specimens of laser-arc hybrid welding under various secondary peak temperatures were prepared using welding thermal simulation technology. Investigations were conducted into how the toughness and microstructure of the simulated ICCGHAZ specimens were correlated with the secondary peak temperature. Results showed that the size, distribution, and morphology of the M-A constituents in the ICCGHAZ specimens were primarily influenced by the secondary peak temperature. With this temperature at 760 °C, the blocky M-A constituents mostly aggregated into chains along the grain boundaries. As the secondary peak temperature reached 800 °C, while the blocky M-A constituents typically stayed close to the grain boundaries, the necklace M-A constituents began dispersing. The former austenite grain boundaries vanished as the M-A constituents migrated outward when the temperature further rose to 840 °C. At secondary peak temperatures of 760 °C and 800 °C, the volume proportion of the M-A constituents was 2.9% and 3.2%, respectively. In comparison, the volume fraction rapidly decreased to 0.9% at 840 °C. The size of the M-A constituents shrank as the secondary peak temperature rose, whereas the crack initiation energy Ei, crack propagation energy Ep, and impact energy Et increased. The toughness of the ICCGHAZ specimen was diminished because of the grain boundary necklace distribution characterization and the large size of the M-A constituents.

Research on the propagation characteristics of multiple cracks in steel bridge joints

This study explores the morphological changes and interaction mechanisms of multiple crack propagations in steel bridge joints. Fatigue testing was conducted to determine the locations at which multiple cracks initiated and to obtain fatigue fracture surfaces with easily discernible crack propagation traces. Based on the theory of fracture mechanics, the propagation behavior of coplanar and out-of-plane cracks in joints was simulated using ABAQUS and FRANC3D joint simulation technology. The characteristics of the morphological changes were analyzed, and the interaction mechanism between different crack spacings was investigated to quantitatively characterize the relative positions at which cracks were enhanced or suppressed. The results showed that coplanar cracks exhibited different morphological trends and propagation rates in different stages of propagation. The shape of the crack front continuously changed, and the merging point that appeared during fusion rapidly expanded and evolved into a semi-elliptical crack. The fatigue life was more sensitive to the relative position of multiple cracks. In particular, the fusion of coplanar cracks significantly reduced the fatigue life, and the mutual suppression effect between heterogeneous cracks increased the fatigue life. When the ratio of coplanar crack spacing to crack length (s/2c) was less than 0.2, the crack fusion process significantly accelerated. In addition, when the a2/a1 ratio of the crack propagation depth dropped below 0.5, the suppression effect was significant. Finally, by determining the spacing between multiple cracks, the method established this study can provide a reference for the design of fatigue resistance and joint optimization.

Reliability analysis of 50000 kN hydraulic support test bench under shrinkage test conditions

The large mining-height hydraulic support test-bed serves as a crucial tool for heavy hydraulic support factory inspections and type testing. With the successful development of the ZY29000/45/100D hydraulic support, the need for a large high-mining hydraulic support test-bed has become evident. This paper combines the theory of rigid-flexible coupling in virtual prototypes and ADAMS multi-body dynamic simulation technology to analyze the strength of the 50,000 kN hydraulic support test-bed. ANSYS classic modules were employed to address the flexibility of key components within the test-bed. The fatigue life of the test-bed was analyzed using NSOFT software, the von Mises yield criterion, and the Goodman modified curve. The S-N curve of material parameters for the test-bed components was used to conduct a shrinkage test. The results indicate that the lowest position is the most vulnerable during the shrinkage test. Among the key components, the stress on the pin bearing is 356.6 MPa, which is 167.9 %, 123.3 %, and 41.6 % higher than that of the pillar, movable beam, and base, respectively. The fatigue life of the base under low, medium, and high shrinkage conditions is1.1×107, 4.0×108, and 1.7×108, with damage values of 8.8×10-8, 2.5×10-9, and 5.7×10-9, respectively. The base’s life under low shrinkage conditions is the shortest, followed by that under high shrinkage conditions. These research findings provide technical guidance and an optimization foundation for the successful development of a 50000 kN hydraulic support test-bed. They also offer a new method and approach for analyzing and predicting the fatigue life of key components in large-scale industrial and mining equipment operating under complex conditions, with promising practical applications.

Teaching Design for Practical Courses Based on Virtual Simulation Technology

The National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Project (NVSETP) is one of the five "Golden Courses" launched by the Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China. These courses need to adhere to the Golden Course standards, which include offering a curriculum that is innovative, challenging, and designed to develop higher-order thinking skills through rich content and novel teaching methods. Students receive opportunities for both practical and theoretical learning that guide them in engaging in innovative thinking and practice. This article discusses the teaching design for practical courses based on Virtual Simulation Technology, grounded in the Outcome Based Education, and drawing from the construction of the first batch of NVSETP Teaching Centers and Projects. It primarily addresses four aspects of teaching: objectives, curriculum content, methods, and assessment. Taking the lack of real experimental engineering conditions and high-risk, high-cost practical operations as the starting point, this paper designs the teaching content and methods; Revising the traditional experimental teaching process, this paper adopt blended learning methods. Evaluates the learning effect of students through the real-time feedback of virtual simulation software, further reforms the teaching and improves the teaching effect. The paper provides a reference for constructing Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Projects and reforming practical course teaching.