Simulation Software Research Articles

IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TPMS TESSELATION APPROACHES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTS

In the paper influence of several factors on shape accuracy and compressive strength of parts is analysed. First simulation software is used for prediction. Parts are cylindrical with 20 mm diameter, manufactured via SLA additive manufacturing technology. 1mm thick Gyroid TPMS structure is generated in cylinders with different volume % (30,40,50 %). Thanks to drainage holes it was possible to create parts that are hollowed, but have solid shell around and TPMS inside. Different tesselation approaches are tried (cylindrical and rectangural). Different radius of roundness is also tried on the surfaces joining tpms and shell of cylinder (0, 0.5, 1mm) Compression tests are then conducted and results are analysed in the form of graphs and colour map of deviations. Results are also compared with solid and fully hollow cylinders. Study finds that the maximum strength of the bodies is influenced by tessellation method, infill percentage, and blend radius. Higher infill percentages generally result in increased strength due to greater material volume transmitting loading force. While tessellation affects samples without shells, its impact is negligible on samples with shells.

Performance Analysis of Quad-Port UWB MIMO Antenna System for Sub-6 GHz 5G, WLAN and X Band Communications

A quad-port Multiple Input Multiple Output Antenna with high isolation is presented in this paper. The MIMO design is intended to receive Ultra-Wide Band response to target various wireless applications. The engineered model has 40 x 40 x 1.6 mm3 electrical dimensions. A single antenna achieves size compactness due to an appropriate inclusion of vertical and horizontal conductive strips. Additionally, a diagonal radiating strip is shaped and pooled with the patch geometry. A similar design is positioned orthogonally with each other to receive diversified performance. The four conducting ports are positioned with an appropriate minimum distance to lower down the possible mutual coupling. A partial ground plane having border geometry has been incorporated to receive the ultra-wide band response. An additional plus-sign shaped conducting strips are provided and united with ground lines for isolation enhancement. The MIMO system exhibits ultra-wide frequency response from 3.20 GHz to 13.40 GHz with adequate isolation below -20 dB and an impedance bandwidth of 10.20 GHz. The proposed structure provides an overall gain of 2 dBi having above 80% efficiency. The presented radiator exhibits excellent MIMO diversity response achieving minimal mutual coupling effect. The other output parameters such as envelope correlation coefficients<0.05, diversity gain of nearly 10 dB, mean effective gain<0.2 dB, and channel capacity loss<0.1 bits/sec/Hz were obtained. The proposed design has been simulated in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The developed MIMO antenna has been analyzed through VNA N9912A. An encouraging correlation between the software generated and actual responses was observed. The strong agreement between actual results and software results shows the design potential for wireless communications. The highly isolated MIMO system registers its potential for sub-6 GHz 5G, WLAN, and X Band communications.

A novel slotted antenna design for future Terahertz applications

A slotted patch antenna operating at 118 GHz is proposed to address challenges in the terahertz (THz) frequency band for wireless communication systems. The antenna design, utilizing a Rogers RO3003 substrate, which has a dielectric constant of 3 and tan 0.001, strategically incorporates slots to enhance key performance parameters. Copper is employed for the ground and radiating patch, and a microstrip feeding method powers the antenna. High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software is used for design and simulation, revealing resonance at 0.118 THz with a reflection coefficient of -42.41 dB and an impedance bandwidth of 4.42 GHz (115.84–120.26 GHz). At the operating frequency, the antenna exhibits a gain of 7.36 dB, maximum directivity of 7.38 dB, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.01, and 99.75% radiation efficiency, all within a compact size of 1.5×1.3×0.1 mm³. The suggested antenna outperforms recent counterparts, making it suitable for applications like security screening and wireless communication systems (5G). Future efforts will target bandwidth expansion, gain enhancement, and further size reduction to enhance overall performance.

Dynamic simulation of 3D-printed foods

Simulation environments for 3D-printed structures are crucial to assess failure modes prior to printing. Multi-ingredient additive manufacturing (AM) of food is particularly susceptible to failure due to differences in ingredient viscoelasticity. Current simulation software handles objects in their final fabricated form. Here, we present a simulation framework that digitally replicates the deposition process of disparate material pastes using a physics-based simulator. Our simulator takes a digital recipe file (G-code) as input and uses Bifrost—a plug-in for Autodesk Maya—to generate a digital replica of the 3D printing process. We ground truth our print simulator by successfully reproducing a custom designed seven-ingredient dessert. Designs that are dynamically simulated prior to being printed develops user intuition for stable structures, mitigates material waste, and enables faster proofing of printable designs to achieve structural and aesthetic creations.

Modeling and performance investigation of novel inorganic Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal perovskite solar cell using SCAPS-1D

For the next generation of photovoltaic devices, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) appear as a good choice because they are simple and convert energy to electricity very efficiently. Recent years have seen a great deal of interest in organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Nonetheless, additional commercialization of the Pb element is still restricted by its inevitable toxicity. To address the instability and toxicity of the lead hybrid perovskite, it is imperative to produce entirely inorganic lead-free perovskite nanocrystals. Cs4CuSb2Cl12 offers promising qualities and strong stability against light, heat, and humidity to overcome these drawbacks. It possesses an efficient photo-generated carrier and good carrier mobility. In this study, a lead-free perovskite solar cell with the novel configuration of FTO/WS2/Cs4CuSb2Cl12/CuSbS2/Ni has been optimized using SCAPS-1D simulation software and investigates the potential of Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cell. The impact of different characteristics of charge transport materials on Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cells has been reported. Additionally, the study computationally optimizes the thickness of perovskite layer, doping concentration, defect density, and other input parameters to propose an effective PSC with power conversion efficiency of 23.10 %, Voc of 1.1675V, and FF of 83.33 %.

Numerical simulation model of water quality evolution in urban rivers considering adsorption–desorption process of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments

In order to more realistically simulate the river channel water quality considering the characteristics of sediment release, it is necessary to couple the simulation model of sediment release to the hydrology-hydrodynamics-water quality model to quantify the complexities involved in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycle in river channel sediments. However, in the existing studies, most of the water–sediment models constructed in the analysis of single pollutants such as NH3-N or BOD, but fail to consider the interaction between multiple pollutants, and the model software related to water quality simulation fails to establish complex river sediment pollution simulations, there are still challenges in the application of the existing water quality module of the MIKE simulation software to the nitrogen and phosphorus cycle of sediments. In this study, based on the new sediment nitrogen and phosphorus release mechanism, we rewrite the water quality module ECOLab of the MIKE 21 model. The laboratory test results and the measured data are applied to the calibration of the model parameters. The new water quality module considering the adsorption–desorption process of sediments was embedded into the MIKE 21 model. The new module couples the MIKE model and the SWWM model to establish a 2D water quality model of river channel hydrology-hydrodynamics-water quality-sediment release coupling. This model targeted applies in urban river channels with sediment releasion as the main pollution. The results show that the new model has significantly improved the simulation accuracy of BOD and NH3-N, and has an optimized effect on the simulation of TP. The R, NSE, and RMSE values of the model for NH3-N simulation are 0.904, 0.845, and 0.612. This model is more suitable for numerical simulation of urban river water quality where sediment release is the main cause of endogenous pollution.

A triangle decomposition method for the mobility control of mecanum wheel-based robots

Mobile robots are used in a variety of applications including research, education, healthcare, customer service, security and so on. Based upon the application, the robots employ different locomotion systems for their mobility. When it comes to rolling locomotion, the wheels used to provide mobility to robots can be categorized as: tracks, omnidirectional wheels, and unidirectional wheels with a steering system. The ability of omnidirectional wheels to drive machines in small spaces makes them interesting to use. Among the types of omnidirectional wheels, mecanum wheels are widely used due to their inherent benefits. With the right control strategy, robots equipped with mecanum wheels can move freely, in all possible directions. In this study, a triangle decomposition approach is employed for controlling omnidirectional mecanum wheel-based robots. The method consists of breaking down any path into a set of linear motions that can be horizontal, vertical, or oblique. Furthermore, the oblique paths are divided into smaller segments that can be resolved into a horizontal and vertical component in a right-angle triangle. The suggested control method is tested and proved on a simple scenario using Webots simulation software.

Indium-free nonmetal and Nb co-doped anatase TiO2 transparent conductive oxide materials for photovoltaic applications: From first-principles calculations to macroscopic simulation

Various researchers have attempted to design indium-free transparent conductive materials. This study first employed density functional theory combined with the Hubbard U parameter to predict the photoelectric properties of nonmetal (B, C, N, F, P, and S) and Nb co-doped anatase TiO2. The results indicate that Ti0.875Nb0.125O1.96875N0.03125, Ti0.9375Nb0.0625O1.96875F0.03125, Ti0.875Nb0.125O1.96875P0.03125 and Ti0.9375Nb0.0625O1.96875S0.03125 possess characteristics of n-type semiconductors with high transmittance, exceptional thermal stability and wide bandgap. Notably, Ti0.9375Nb0.0625O1.96875S0.03125 exhibits optimal electronic conductivity due to its lower effective mass and higher electron concentration. Then, we used the SCAPS-1D solar cell simulation software to simulate the macroscopic characteristics of the MASnI3-based perovskite solar cell with Ti0.9375Nb0.0625O1.96875S0.03125 transparent conductive oxide layer based on the microscopic properties computed at the density functional theory level. A maximum efficiency of 27.17 % is obtained by regulating the thickness, electron affinity, and defect density of Ti0.9375Nb0.0625O1.96875S0.03125 layer and the thickness of MASnI3 absorber layer. The findings highlight the tremendous potential of Ti0.9375Nb0.0625O1.96875S0.03125 as an indium-free transparent conductive oxide candidate material for photovoltaic applications.

Design and Development of LM24 plate Casting using Solid Cast Simulation Technique

Abstract: This research deals with the elimination of defects in aluminium alloy castings and enhancement in the casting yield and quality. The main intention of the work is to improve the quality of a cast component using Computer Aided Casting Simulation Software. SOLID Cast simulation software is used for simulating the solidification process of casting and visualizing outputs showing possible problematic areas or defects which may occur in the cast product. Plate Castings of aluminium alloy - LM 24 are produced with different designs of gating systems and tested for defects like porosity using Archimedes immersion Technique and also Radiographic testing is used to check the quality of the castings. The produced castings are observed to be sound, and the results obtained are in agreement with the simulation results. Hence it is verified that solidification simulation helps in improving the quality of castings without any shop-floor trails. Casting yield and percentage porosity values are determined for 12 castings produced with different gating systems. The best results are observed to be produced by the castings having a 1-Ingate system in horizontal or lateral positions.

Assessing Environmental Impact: Organosolv Extraction of Cellulose Pulp from Wood Waste

In the upcoming years, the paper industry is expected rely on containerboard for packaging, with approximately 80% of it being made from recycled fibers by 2020. Creating a new supply chain for fibers could help mitigate possible shortages. In this context, wood waste emerges as a valuable resource with the potential to serve as a plentiful and cost-effective reservoir for generating new materials, as cellulose fibers. This study presents an assessment of the environmental impact associated with the organosolv extraction of cellulose pulp from wood waste based on a previous in lab study conducted by the authors. The increasing demand for sustainable materials has prompted exploration into alternative methods for cellulose pulp production, with a focus on minimizing environmental footprint. Organosolv extraction, a promising technique, involves the use of organic solvents and acid catalysts to break down lignocellulosic biomass, resulting in high-quality cellulose pulp production. To evaluate the environmental implications of this process, a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was adopted. The LCA framework considers all stages of the organosolv extraction process, from wood waste collection to cellulose pulp manufacture, using a gate-to-gate approach. The functional unit for assessment is set as one ton of cellulose pulp. The dataset utilized for the LCA comprises primary data obtained from laboratory experiments, complemented by secondary data sourced from literature and the Ecoinvent life cycle inventory database. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of key parameters on the environmental performance of the organosolv extraction process, with a focus on variations in energy consumption to identify potential areas for optimization and improvement. In summary, this study emphasizes the environmental aspects of utilizing organosolv extraction for cellulose pulp production from wood waste. Further research is warranted to explore energy consumption during the organosolv process for obtaining more precise data and optimizing the process. This could be achieved through pilot-scale experiments or utilizing process simulation software.

Matching of Water Breakthroughs in a Low-Resistivity Oil Reservoir Using Permeability Anisotropy

In a mature middle and lower Gharif field in Oman, uncertainties surrounding initial water saturation and early water breakthroughs of unknown sources and paths suggest the presence of significant bypassed oil. In order to determine the areas with remaining oil, petrophysical and logging data of seven wells were processed using Techlog software and imported into Petrel software for modelling and simulation. Porosity was calculated using the Electric Propagation Time log and was utilized to evaluate the presence of oil, particularly in the upper tight zone of the formation. Despite the low resistivity readings in the highly porous layers, caused by good network connectivity and high formation water salinity, the resistivity contrast was sufficient to differentiate them from the oil zone. However, the calculated water saturation (Sw) in the tight top oil zone was high, consistent with the observed water production in the field. To improve the match between production data and simulation results, sensitivity analyses were conducted on various permeability anisotropy and relative permeability values within the model. The analyses showed that core-derived permeability anisotropy (vertical to horizontal ratio of 1:1) yielded a better history match for water production compared to the conventionally used value of 1:10. Water saturation maps were generated at the start and the end of production to highlight saturation distribution within the reservoirs. The maps revealed that in the lower porous part, the oil was fully depleted around the wells but remained trapped in the undrilled areas.

Simulation and optimization of 30.17% high performance N-type TCO-free inverted perovskite solar cell using inorganic transport materials

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained much attention in recent years because of their improved energy conversion efficiency, simple fabrication process, low processing temperature, flexibility, light weight, and low cost of constituent materials when compared with their counterpart silicon based solar cells. Besides, stability and toxicity of PSCs and low power conversion efficiency have been an obstacle towards commercialization of PSCs which has attracted intense research attention. In this research paper, a Glass/Cu2O/CH3NH3SnI3/ZnO/Al inverted device structure which is made of cheap inorganic materials, n-type transparent conducting oxide (TCO)-free, stable, photoexcited toxic-free perovskite have been carefully designed, simulated and optimized using a one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The effects of layers’ thickness, perovskite’s doping concentration and back contact electrodes have been investigated, and the optimized structure produced an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.0867 V, short circuit current density (JSC) of 33.4942 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 82.88% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.17%. This paper presents a model that is first of its kind where the highest PCE performance and eco-friendly n-type TCO-free inverted CH3NH3SnI3 based perovskite solar cell is achieved using all-inorganic transport materials.

Wear protection assessment of ultralow viscosity lubricants in high-power-density engines: A novel wear prediction algorithm

AbstractDurability and reliability have been studied for decades through intensive trial-error experimentation. However, there are numerous fields of application where the costs associated with this approach are not acceptable. In lubricated machines with severe dynamic loads, such as high-power-density engines, simulation tools offer clear advantages over intensive testing. Prototypes and multiple scenarios can be cost-effectively simulated to assess different lubricants and engine configurations. The work presented here details the study of wear based on a validated elastohydrodynamic (EHD) simulation model of the connecting rod journal bearing. This model accounts for elastic deformation through a connecting rod finite element model (FEM). In addition, multiple lubricant rheological and tribological dependences, determined by specific experimental tests, are applied in the model through their interaction with the simulation software. Correspondingly, a novel wear algorithm is proposed to predict wear depth over time evolution along a proposed wear cycle based on the typical working ranges of high-performance engines. A final assessment is presented to compare 4 different ultralow-viscosity lubricants in their protective performance under severe conditions. The results show the evolution of the wear load and wear depth over the wear cycle. This evaluation is key to describing a lubricant selection procedure for high-power-density engines.

Electric Field-Modulated Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Quantity Calibration and Mass Tracking.

Analyses conducted by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) typically entail performing a number of preparatory steps, which include quantity calibration and mass calibration. Quantity calibration can be affected by signal noise, while mass calibration can be affected by instrumental drift if analyses are performed over an extended period of time. Here, we present two methods for achieving these calibrations using modulation of electrospray plume by alternating electric fields and demodulating the resulting MS ion currents. For this purpose, we use an ESI source fitted with three ring electrodes between the electrospray emitter and the mass spectrometer's inlet. One of these electrodes is supplied with a sine electric signal. Optionally, a nanoESI emitter is also placed between the ring electrodes and the mass spectrometer's orifice to supply calibrant ions. The ion currents, recorded with this setup, present wave-like features. In the first variant, using a triple quadrupole mass analyzer, the ion currents are subjected to data treatment by fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the resulting FFT magnitudes are correlated with analyte concentrations to produce a calibration plot. In the second variant, using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyzer, the mass spectra recorded at the analyte ion current maxima are mass-checked using the m/z value of the internal standard (injected via nanoESI emitter), which appears predominantly in the time intervals corresponding to the analyte ion current minima. The setup has been characterized using simulation software and optimized. Overall, the method enables the preparation of quantity calibration plots and monitoring (minor) m/z drifts during prolonged analyses.

Maboss for HPC environments: implementations of the continuous time Boolean model simulator for large CPU clusters and GPU accelerators

BackgroundComputational models in systems biology are becoming more important with the advancement of experimental techniques to query the mechanistic details responsible for leading to phenotypes of interest. In particular, Boolean models are well fit to describe the complexity of signaling networks while being simple enough to scale to a very large number of components. With the advance of Boolean model inference techniques, the field is transforming from an artisanal way of building models of moderate size to a more automatized one, leading to very large models. In this context, adapting the simulation software for such increases in complexity is crucial.ResultsWe present two new developments in the continuous time Boolean simulators: MaBoSS.MPI, a parallel implementation of MaBoSS which can exploit the computational power of very large CPU clusters, and MaBoSS.GPU, which can use GPU accelerators to perform these simulations.ConclusionThese implementations enable simulation and exploration of the behavior of very large models, thus becoming a valuable analysis tool for the systems biology community.

Beyond probability-impact matrices in project risk management: A quantitative methodology for risk prioritisation

The project managers who deal with risk management are often faced with the difficult task of determining the relative importance of the various sources of risk that affect the project. This prioritisation is crucial to direct management efforts to ensure higher project profitability. Risk matrices are widely recognised tools by academics and practitioners in various sectors to assess and rank risks according to their likelihood of occurrence and impact on project objectives. However, the existing literature highlights several limitations to use the risk matrix. In response to the weaknesses of its use, this paper proposes a novel approach for prioritising project risks. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used to perform a quantitative prioritisation of risks with the simulation software MCSimulRisk. Together with the definition of project activities, the simulation includes the identified risks by modelling their probability and impact on cost and duration. With this novel methodology, a quantitative assessment of the impact of each risk is provided, as measured by the effect that it would have on project duration and its total cost. This allows the differentiation of critical risks according to their impact on project duration, which may differ if cost is taken as a priority objective. This proposal is interesting for project managers because they will, on the one hand, know the absolute impact of each risk on their project duration and cost objectives and, on the other hand, be able to discriminate the impacts of each risk independently on the duration objective and the cost objective.

Carbon Dioxide Capturing in Temperature/Pressure Swing‐Commercial Processes Using Ionic Liquids

AbstractCapturing carbon dioxide is vital for mitigating global warming and supporting chemical processes. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising solvents for CO2 capture. Using ASPEN simulation software, this study explores three specific ILs: [emim][triflate], [bmim][MeSO3], and [bmim][NTf2]. Their selection is based on exploitable differences in energy. The study models CO2 solubility and validates it against published data. It also considers the decomposition of ILs using a more accurate vapor loss model. Simulated equations predict CO2 and IL behavior more accurately than published ASPEN studies, optimizing the process for minimal energy consumption. Commercial considerations and rigorous engineering calculations guide the analysis, encompassing energy and economic factors.

A model-based proportional-integral observer design for adhesion estimation in the wheel-rail interface: LMI approach

Adhesion estimation in wheel and rail interface is a crucial element as it has a direct effect on the locomotive characteristics and performance. Since the adhesion condition depends on unpredictable factors and dynamic models, its estimation is a complex task. In this paper, a dynamic model for a single wheelset including parameters in detail is developed to improve the accuracy of the model. Then, a model-based Proportional–Integral Observer (PIO) is designed to estimate adhesion during uncertainties and nonlinear parameters. The stability of the proposed PI observer is proved with Lyapunov theory and Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). Finally, the performance of the method is evaluated via numerical simulation in MATLAB software, and it is validated with a model set-up in the SIMPACK Multibody Simulation (MBS) software.

Study on Support Technology of Truss Anchor Cable Beam in Deep Soft Rock Roadway Excavation

Aiming at the difficult problem of soft rock roadway support in deep mine, the support mode of "truss anchor beam" is proposed, and the support mode technology of truss anchor beam in deep soft rock roadway driving is studied by FLAC simulation software. Combined with the measured displacement of coal and rock around underground roadway under this support mode, it is concluded that the truss anchor beam support mode can introduce the high stress of shallow coal and rock around roadway into deep area, thus effectively controlling the deformation of coal and rock around roadway and ensuring safe and efficient production of mine.

Study of Structural Seismic Damage Considering Seasonal Frozen Soil–Structure Interaction

Frozen soil may cause structures to have different damage statuses, as revealed by earthquakes in northeastern China. ABAQUS (2019), a numerical simulation software application, was adopted to systematically and deeply study the structural seismic response, considering seasonal frozen soil–structure interaction under different ground motion intensities and soil ambient temperatures. The results showed firstly that the variation in soil ambient temperature had a great influence on the seismic response of the structure, as indicated by the damage status of the structure obtained through numerical simulation. Secondly, through further analysis of the numerical simulation results, the influence amplitude of different soil temperatures on the structural seismic response was quantitatively analyzed and systematically summarized. Finally, the structural seismic damage with negative ambient temperature could be significantly lower than that with positive temperature normally. Additionally, such an internal change mechanism was also objectively analyzed to verify the reliability of the conclusion.