Ansoft HFSS Simulation Software Research Articles

A Modified Compact Flexible Vivaldi Antenna Array Design for Microwave Breast Cancer Detection

In this paper, a compact, flexible Vivaldi antenna is designed, and an array of nine identical antennas of this type is used as a microwave breast imaging model to detect cancerous tumors in the multilayers phantom model presented in this paper. The nine-antenna array is used to measure the backscattering signal of the breast phantom, where one antenna acts as a transmitter and the other eight antennas act as receivers of the scattered signals. Then, the second antenna is used as a transmitter and the other antennas as receivers, and so on till we have gone through all the antennas. These collected backscattered signals are used to reconstruct the image of the breast phantom using software called “Microwave Radar-based Imaging Toolbox (MERIT)”. From the reconstructed image, the tumor inside the breast model can be identified and located. Different tumor sizes in different locations are tested, and it is found that the locations can be determined irrespective of the tumor size. The proposed modified Vivaldi antenna has a very compact size of 25 × 20 × 0.1 mm3 and has a different geometry compared with conventional Vivaldi antennas. The first version of the antenna has two resonant frequencies at 4 and 9.4 GHz, and because we are interested more in the first band, where it gives us sufficient resolution, we have notched the second frequency by etching two slots in the ground plane of the antenna and adding two rectangular parasitic elements on the radiating side of the antenna. This technique is utilized to block the second frequency at 9.4 GHz, and, as a result, the bandwidth of the first resonant frequency is enhanced by 20% compared with the first design bandwidth. The modified antenna is fabricated on Polyimide flexible material 0.1 mm thick with a dielectric constant of 3.5 using a standard PCB manufacturing process. The measured performance of this antenna is compared with the simulated results using the commercially available simulation software Ansoft HFSS, and it is found that the measured results and the simulated results are in good agreement.

Design of 1*4 Microstrip Antenna Array on the Human Thigh with Gain Enhancement

In this paper, at first attempted to design and simulate a stacked circular microstrip patch antenna for high gain at frequency 2.45 GHz, to apply on the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) applications. The antenna needs to be minimized for the array mounted on the human thigh, which has high gain and pattern scan capability. The substrate with a high relative permittivity is used for the designed antenna to minimize the dimension of the antenna. A 1*4 array antenna is designed for mount on the human thigh. The amplitude and phase of each antenna are obtained using the maximum-gain theorem to achieve the maximum gain of this array antenna. The coaxial feed is used to achieve good impedance matching, low cross-polarization, and easy control of the amplitude and phase of the element. For designing this entire array antenna, three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation software Ansoft HFSS based on the finite element method is applied. To experimentally verify the performance, a prototype of the array antenna is fabricated and measurement is performed. The realized gain of the designed array antenna at the resonant frequency is 11 dB. This array structure can be mounted on a human thigh, waist, or head for medical applications, depending on the specific radius.

Wide band hybrid dielectric resonator antenna for C band using FR-4 material

This article presents design of wideband dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for C-band application using FR-4 material. In this paper analysis and layout of wide band DRA antenna is presented and its linear polarization characteristics are analysed. The microwave C band lies in the frequency range of 4 to 8 GHz. This antenna has category of ring DRA with modified hexagon shaped aperture structure. The Ansoft HFSS simulation software is used to design antenna. It basically covers the bandwidth from 4.4 GHz to 7.6 GHz and achieves a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 90.9% at the centre frequency of 4.56 GHz and 6.2 GHz.

Wideband Log-Periodic Microstrip Slot Array Antenna Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide (Dept.E)

A new technique for designing wideband microstrip antenna on the basis of the recently proposed substrate integrated waveguide technology is proposed. In this technique, log-periodic slot array antenna on substrate integrated waveguide with different substrate thicknesses and different terminations is presented. The proposed antenna was designed using Ansoft HFSS simulation software package. The antenna is able to achieve an impedance bandwidth of 41 % for a return loss of less than -10 dB.

Experimental Verification of LG WAVE and Ansoft HFSS Simulation Software Using a 2 x 2 Antenna Array with EBG Structure

In this paper we are presenting the validation of the LG RF Simulation tool (WAVE) and HFSS simulation software’s through measurement results of the fabricated design, simulated in WAVE and HFSS simulation software’s. A 2 x 2 antenna array with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure in the ground plane is simulated using WAVE and HFSS ver. 17.The prototype antenna was fabricated and characterization is carried out at CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bangalore to know the performance of the antenna array. Return Loss and VSWR of the fabricated antenna are measured using Anritsu S820E Microwave Site Master Network Analyzer. Two - dimensional radiation patterns were plotted and compared with the simulated results obtained from WAVE and HFSS Software’s. From the results of HFSS simulation software we observed that EBG integrated array is exhibitinggainof7.089dB and Return loss of -16.2 dBat2.4GHz.Whereas the results obtained from WAVE simulation tool for the same design gave a peak gain of 5.03 dB and return loss of -12.8dB at 2.4 GHz. Measured gain of the designed array is 7.407 dB and return loss is -7.565 dB at 2.4 GHz.

Design and Simulation of Duplexer Based on Terahertz Technology

In this paper, a broadband polarization isolation device suitable for the terahertz band is designed by combining optics and electromagnetics. The 3D simulation software Ansoft HFSS is used to simulate the parameters of the polarization isolators and polarization converters in the module, and the final result graph is given. Finally, the polarized isolators and polarization converters were processed by the soft material processing technology and terahertz absorbing materials at home and abroad, and the assembly test was carried out. The test results prove that the transceiver isolation combined device has the advantages of high isolation and small transmission loss in the 450 ± 15GHz frequency band, which meets the technical specifications and has broad application prospects.

Study on W-band sheet-beam traveling-wave tube based on flat-roofed sine waveguide

A W-band sheet electron beam (SEB) traveling-wave tube (TWT) based on flat-roofed sine waveguide slow-wave structure (FRSWG-SWS) is proposed. The sine wave of the metal grating is replaced by a flat-roofed sine wave around the electron beam tunnel. The slow-wave characteristics including the dispersion properties and interaction impedance have been investigated by using the eigenmode solver in the 3-D electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS. Through calculations, the FRSWG SWS possesses the larger average interaction impedance than the conventional sine waveguide (SWG) SWS in the frequency range of 86-110 GHz. The beam-wave interaction was studied and particle-in-cell simulation results show that the SEB TWT can produce output power over 120 W within the bandwidth ranging from 90 to 100 GHz, and the maximum output power is 226 W at typical frequency 94 GHz, corresponding electron efficiency of 5.89%.

Multilayer Substrate Integrated Waveguide Six-Port Circuit

In this paper a new design of a six-port circuit based on multilayer substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) is presented. This design is based on the use of a multilayer structure aimed at reducing the dimension of the circuit while conserving the performances of the component. The designed SIW six-port is composed of two basic elements, a SIW power divider and directional coupler. These two elements are designed, optimized and matched to produce a better performance at the required operating frequency of 11 GHz. The results of simulations show that the new multilayer SIW six-port circuit has good performances including a good return loss and isolation under–20 dB and the transmission magnitude better than–10 dB. This multilayer SIW six-port has the advantage of a small size 160-34.8 mm; its width is about 50% smaller than the planar SIW six-port circuit, which helps to get a higher density of integration in telecommunication systems and allows much smaller devices to be conceived.A microstrip toSIWtransition is used in order to facilitate the integration of this component into other planar circuits. The structures are designed, simulated and optimized using the Ansoft HFSS simulation software.

0.85 THz truncated sine waveguide traveling‐wave tube with sheet beam tunnel

A sine waveguide (SWG) traveling-wave tube with sheet electron beam tunnel is proposed to amplify the high-frequency terahertz wave. In this study, the slow wave characteristics including the dispersion properties and interaction impedances have been investigated by using the eigenmode solver in the 3D electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS. The truncated SWG slow wave structure possesses the relatively large average coupling impedance. The beam–wave interaction characteristics of truncated SWG with sheet electron beam tunnel are calculated by high-frequency simulation software CST. From the particle-in-cell simulation results, this beam–wave interaction circuit can produce >490 mW ranging from 0.845 to 0.855 THz with a corresponding gain over 22 dB.

Double stub microstrip fed two element Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for multiband operation

This article presents a design of multiband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA) using two elements with different aspect ratio. The proposed DRA is excited by means of micro-strip feedline with double stubs which not only improves the bandwidth of each band but also achieves good impedance matching. The proposed DRA operates at “C” band, “WLAN” and “X” band frequencies and yields wide bandwidth of about 6.5%, 13.5% and 17.4% respectively. Two Rectangular DRs of completely different aspect ratio and double stub microstrip feeding achieve this multiband operation. The designed antenna is very compact and has a volume of 1737mm3 only. It provides stable radiation patterns in all the three bands and has a maximum gain of 6.35dBi with radiation efficiency of more than 82% over the operating band of frequencies. The proposed antenna has been studied, analyzed and optimized using Ansoft HFSS simulation software. The designed antenna is fabricated, tested and compared with other multiband designs. Good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured ones.

Two Element Half Split Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wireless Applications

A two element half split Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) with probe feed is proposed for wideband monopole-type radiation pattern. The proposed antenna has been designed and fabricated. The input and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna have been determined through the Ansoft HFSS simulation software. Simulation results are compared with measured results and found good agreement. The input characteristics of the proposed antenna have been also compared with half split CDRA. The proposed antenna provides wide bandwidth (≈66%) and monopole type radiation pattern with low cross polarization level for wireless application.

A broadband inverted umbrella shaped cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for “WLAN” and “C” band applications

The main objective of the present article is to improve the bandwidth of a low profile Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) and operate it for WLAN and “C” band applications. An inverted umbrella shaped CDRA excited by a microstrip feedline with single stub is proposed here. Efficient coupling has been achieved by means of a single stub microstrip feed between DRA and the feed. The new shape of DRA and a single stub microstrip feed improves the bandwidth significantly as high as 28% from 5 to 6.67 GHz which is quite useful for both WLAN and “C” band applications. The proposed antenna is simple in construction, easy to fabricate, low profile and thickness of CDRA is only 5 mm. A parametric study is performed using Ansoft HFSS simulation software to optimize the antenna performance. The proposed CDRA is fabricated and the characteristics of the antenna are measured.

A Design of Ultra Wideband Antenna with Dual Band Notched

The ultra wideband antenna was proposed with dual band notch characteristic in this paper. The double-band UWB (ultra wideband antenna) notch characteristic was achieved by adding symmetrical double L-shaped tuning stub on the antenna ground plane. The antenna was simulated by Ansoft HFSS simulation software and tested by physical antenna. The results show the VSWR in 3-12GHz was less than 2 and a notch characteristic in 3.2-3.7GHz and 5.15-5.8GHz was achieved.

Segmented quarter cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna: simulation and experimental investigation in composite form for wideband applications

A probe feed wideband multi-element dual segments quarter cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (q-CDRA) in composite forms have been proposed. The q-CDRA has been introduced by splitting CDRA into four uniform quarters and multi-segmentation approach has been castoff for further improvement in bandwidth of q-CDRA. The dual segments q-CDRA has been designed and analyzed using theoretical analysis and Ansoft HFSS simulation software. Further the dual segment multi-element q-CDRAs in composite form have been designed. A coaxial probe has been placed at the center of the ground plane for the excitation of proposed multi-element and multi-segmented composite form of q-CDRA, which excite TM01δ mode in the proposed antenna. The input characteristics and radiation patterns of the proposed composite antennas have been studied and their results are compared with corresponding experimental results. Prototype of single, two, and four elements dual-segment composite q-CDRAs have been fabricated and input characteristics of the proposed composite antennas have been compared with each other. Four elements dual-segment composite q-CDRA has shown wide impedance bandwidth (|S11| ≤ −10 dB) of 85.13% with monopole-like radiation pattern. The peak gain of 4.85 dBi with 98.5% radiation efficiency has been achieved for dual-segment four elements composite q-CDRA. The proposed multi-element dual-segment composite q-CDRAs may find suitable applications in C and X-band with complete covering of the 5.0 GHZ wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) band.

Multi-band Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Communication

ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) with a defected ground structure for multi-band operation is being proposed. Defected ground structure is produced by integrating a circular slot in the ground plane having different centre with the annular ring radiator patch. Microstrip line feed is used to excite the annular ring patch antenna placed on an FR4 substrate (dielectric constant er = 4). Results of the proposed antenna are carried out using Ansoft HFSS simulation software, and compared with the measured results, which shows good agreement. It is observed that the proposed antenna shows four bands at f1 = 2.92 GHz, f2 = 5.64 GHz, f3 = 8.21 GHz, and f4 = 10.53 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 70%, 50%, 20% and 10% respectively. The proposed antenna is suitable for S, C and X band wireless communication system. Keywords-band, Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna, Defected Ground Structure, Microstrip line feed.

An Improved Quasi-Yagi Microstrip Antenna

A novel quasi-Yagi antenna in 2.4GHz was enhanced in this paper. The cross polarization component caused by the transition from microstrip to coplanar strip line was reduced, because the improved G shaped CPS (coplanar strip line). Two director elements were designed to improve the gain. And the gain of the antenna was increased from 3.1695dBi to 7.1147dBi. The antenna was simulated by Ansoft HFSS simulation software and measured by physical antenna., which was proved that the structure of quasi-Yagi antenna is reasonable, it can effectively improve the gain and the performance of the antenna.

Compact triband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with circular slots for wireless application

In this article, low-profile and compact cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna along with circular slots and filtering structure for wireless application is reported. Proposed antenna is excited by annular-shaped microstrip line. Two ring-shaped resonators placed on opposite sides of feed line are working as a band-pass filter. These resonators are unified with wideband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna and make it suitable for triple band operations with better isolation level. Dual ring-shaped parasitic slots on a partial ground plane are used to make CDRA more compact. The proposed triple band antenna has been analyzed, studied and optimized using Ansoft HFSS simulation software. Prototype of proposed geometry has been fabricated and tested. There is a better accord between simulated and measured results. The proposed design engenders three frequency bands i.e. 2.35–2.55 GHz; 3.35–3.65 GHz; and 5.1–5.42 GHz with a resonant frequency of 2.45, 3.55, and 5.35 GHz, respectively. Proposed antenna design may find suitable applications for WLAN (2.4/5.2 GHz) and WiMAX (3.5 GHz) bands. The proposed design shows an average measured gain of 4.71 dB in the three desired bands.

Wideband four-element two-segment triangular dielectric resonator antenna with monopole-like radiation

In this paper, a wideband two-segmented four-element triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA) with coaxial probe feed has been proposed. The proposed antenna has been analyzed, optimized, and studied through Ansoft HFSS simulation software. The prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and its input characteristics are measured with the help of R&S Vector Network Analyzer. Good agreement has been obtained between simulated and measured results. The proposed design has been compared with two segments TDRA and found wider bandwidth with lower resonant frequency. The proposed antenna provides monopole-like radiation pattern over the entire bandwidth with nearly 33% bandwidth (return loss ≥10 dB) at a resonant frequency 6.9 GHz and 4.93 dBi peak gain. The proposed antenna is suitable for application of C-band microwave frequencies.

Triple band two‐segment cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with a novel microstrip feed for WLAN/WIMAX applications

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a triple band two‐segment cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with a partial ground plane is investigated. Proposed antenna is excited by a novel microstrip feed that having a microstrip line along with two ring patches. Proposed triple band antenna has been analyzed, studied, and optimized using Ansoft HFSS simulation software. Prototype of proposed structure has been fabricated and tested. Good agreement has been obtained between simulated and measured parameters. The proposed design operates in three different frequency bands, that is, 2.3–2.5 GHz; 3.2–3.8 GHz; 4.67–7.0 GHz with the fractional bandwidth of 8.33%; 17.14%, and 39.93%, respectively. Proposed antenna is able to cover three frequency bands for different wireless applications (WLAN [2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz] and WiMAX [3.5/5.5 GHz] bands). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2649–2655, 2015

Probe feed half split cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband application

In this paper, wideband half split cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) using coaxial probe feed has been designed and fabricated. The input impedance and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna were determined through the Ansoft HFSS and CST Microwave Studio simulation software. Simulation results are compared with measured results. The proposed antenna provides wide impedance bandwidth (51%) and peak gain of 5.94dBi. The proposed antenna is excited as dominant TM01δ mode with monopole-like radiation pattern having low cross polarization. Proposed antenna may find suitable application in 5.0GHz WLAN and WiMAX Band.