Design Of Simulation Model Research Articles

Performance study of GaN-based betavoltaic nuclear batteries with 3D interfaces

This study presents a design of a 3D interface simulation model featuring an inverted pyramid structure. Our objective is to forecast the performance of GaN-based betavoltaic nuclear batteries with the PN junction 3D interface structures comparing a practical machining process. Initially, we computed the electron-hole pairs (EHPs) generation rate in GaN materials irradiated by both 63Ni and 147Pm sources using Geant4. Furthermore, we employed COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element analysis software, to simulate the EHPs transport phenomena within the battery and investigate the influence of structural parameters on the output performance. Despite maintaining thicknesses of the P- and N-regions and consistent doping concentrations (Hp-GaN, Hn-GaN, Na, and Nd) as constants, the simulation results revealed notable disparities in the short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and maximum output power density (Pmax) among batteries irradiated with various radioactive sources. Subsequently, we investigated the output performance of the nuclear battery by altering parameters such as the number of inverted pyramid structures, junction depth, and type of radioactive source. Our investigation revealed that selecting 63Ni as the radioactive source, with Na at 1017 cm−3, Nd at 1014 cm−3, a junction depth of 0.1 μm, and inverted pyramid structures of 25, resulted in the following battery performance parameters: a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 0.648 μA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 2.3481 V, and a maximum output power density (Pmax) of 1.2949 μW/cm2. Substituting the radioactive source with 147Pm, the average short-circuit current density, Jsc, increased to 56.865 μA/cm2, and the maximum output power density, Pmax, increased to 94.975 μW/cm2, It's a significant enhancement in output performance.

Open-Source Design of Infiltration Trenches for Sustainable Soil and Water Conservation in Rural Areas of Central Chile

Specific algorithms are developed to solve the equations that define the physical dimensions under various conditions. In this sense, the storm index method was incorporated for the variable precipitation intensity, expanding the number of rainfall stations with the intensity duration frequency (IDF) curves from 9 to 31 within the considered territory (the Biobio Region of Central Chile). Likewise, the infiltration values and runoff coefficients necessary for calculating the dimensions of the trenches were obtained using the Python programming language. The results show that an open-source Python solution allows high reliability and efficiency based on the tests developed. For this reason, this prototype is expected to add new mathematical expressions that may arise to better account for an efficient design of soil and water conservation works or infiltration trenches. In this way, it is concluded that it is possible to develop simulation models for the efficient design of trenches based on well-defined and limited theoretical modeling, adding to computer language tools. This allows for a virtuous synergy that can help address efficient public policies to conserve soil and water in Chile and elsewhere.

Design and Development of A Traffic Light Simulation Model Based on Arduino Microcontroller

Congestion is one of the transportation problems with the highest percentage to occur at every intersection in all corners of the region. Efforts can be made to solve these problems by making the traffic light regulation system (APILL) in general, APILL still uses static cycle time with cable networks as interconnects between lamp poles, making it difficult to adjust the phase and cycle time referring to traffic conditions that tend to be dynamic, even requiring high procurement and maintenance costs for underground cables. Based on the above, the research team wants to create a simulation mockup of APILL whose cycle time and phase can be set through calculations on the Android platform with wireless interconnection, as well as can be used as a learning facility for cadets/I to provide an understanding of the applicable phase at the intersection, to be able to analyze the performance of an intersection and how APILL works on roads.

Optimizing Active Disturbance Rejection Control for a Stubble Breaking and Obstacle Avoiding Control System

In order to improve the obstacle avoidance control performance and anti-interference ability of a stubble breaking device of a no-tillage planter, a back-propagation neural network (BPNN)-optimized fuzzy active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) controller was designed to optimize the control performance of a servo motor. Firstly, a negative feedback mathematical model was established for the obstacle avoidance control system. Then, the nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF) parameters in the fuzzy ADRC were intelligently optimized by the BPNN algorithm. In this way, a fuzzy ADRC controller based on BPNN optimization was formed to optimize the control process of a servo motor. Matlab/Simulink (R2022b) was used to complete the simulation model design and parameter adjustment. Consequently, the response time was 0.089 s using the BPNN fuzzy ADRC controller, which was shorter than the 0.303 s of the ADRC controller and the 0.100 s of the fuzzy ADRC controller. The overshoot was 0.1% using a BPNN fuzzy ADRC controller, which was less than the 2% of the ADRC controller and the 1% of the fuzzy ADRC controller. After noise signal interference was introduced into the control system, the regression steady state time of the BPNN fuzzy ADRC controller was 0.22 s, which was shorter than the 0.56 s of the ADRC controller and the 0.45 s of the fuzzy ADRC controller. A hardware-in-the-loop simulation experimental platform of the obstacle avoidance control system was constructed. The experiment results show that the servo motor control system has a fast dynamic response, small steady-state error and strong anti-interference ability for obstacle avoidance at the target height. Then, the control system error was within the allowable range. The servo motor control effect of the BPNN fuzzy ADRC was better than the ADRC and fuzzy ADRC. This optimized servo motor control method can provide a reference for improving the obstacle avoidance control effect problem of no-tillage seeders in stubble breaking operations on rocky desertification areas.

Simulation Model Design of VHF Omni-Directional Range (VOR) Based on Microcontroller

The process of giving directional information to assist airplanes in making an accurate landing at the airport of destination is known as aviation navigation. The VHF Omnidirectional Range is a crucial navigation tool for guiding planes to the airport (VOR). Since it costs a lot of money to learn how to fly an airplane, a VOR simulator was developed that can mimic the movement of an aircraft passing through the VOR. The simulation that was produced is a prototype that sends and receives signals to the aircraft utilizing an antenna and microcontroller as supporting hardware. The VOR/DME flight navigation system is constructed in this study using mathematical modeling; a formulation representing the essential features of the system is expressed as a set of connected variables. The ESP32 module that powers the system serves as a DME by sending out Bluetooth radio signals. where one ESP32 module serves as a DME object (moving DME) and three ESP32 modules serve as DME stations (ground DME). Information on the distance between the DME station and the DME object will be communicated using the MQTT protocol, and this data will be processed using the trilateration method to predict the location and movement of the DME object. The measurement accuracy at DME station 1, DME station 2, and DME station 3 are 99.52%, 99.92%, and 99.98% respectively. The enhanced capabilities to estimate the position of objects observed from different directions or omni-directionally on a two-dimensional scale are made possible by the performance results of combining the performance of three ESP32 devices as Distance Measurement Equipment (DME).

Design and fabrication of silicone cleft lip simulation model for personalized surgical training

Purpose of the studyTo elucidate the design and fabrication methodologies employed in creating a personalized cleft lip simulation model, primarily intended for enhancing surgical training and diverse applications. The study further sought to assess the viability of integrating this simulation model into undergraduate oral experiments and instructional settings. Study designFacial data from individuals with cleft lip conditions were acquired using a scanner. Subsequent stages involved reverse engineering and the utilization of 3D printing technology to generate a cleft lip silicone simulation model. The molding process entailed injecting silicone into a polylactic acid mold. The study enrolled 53 undergraduate students majoring in dentistry, who were randomly assigned to either a control or experimental group. A dedicated instructor guided each group independently, employing a combination of multiple-choice tests and surveys to gauge real-time evaluations and discern inter-group disparities. Results and conclusionsWe successfully designed and produced a personalized cleft lip simulation model, demonstrating notable efficacy in the context of cleft lip experimental teaching. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the scores of the experimental group students on multiple-choice questions pertaining to cleft lip surgical procedures. Survey outcomes indicated that the experimental group students exhibited higher confidence levels in cleft lip surgery, as reflected from their responses to relevant questions, compared to the traditional group students. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The simulation model developed in this study emerges as a reliable and cost-effective training and teaching tool for cleft lip surgery.

A framework for conceptualising hybrid system dynamics and agent-based simulation models

The growing complexity of systems and problems that stakeholders from the private and public sectors have sought advice on has led systems modellers to increasingly use multimethodology and to combine multiple OR/MS methods. This includes hybrid simulation that combines two or more of the following methods: system dynamics (SD), discrete-event simulation, and agent-based models (ABM). Although a significant number of studies describe the application of hybrid simulation across different domains, research on the theoretical and practical aspects of combining simulation modelling methods, particularly the combining of SD and ABM, is still limited. Existing frameworks for combining simulation methods are high-level and lack methodological clarity and practical guidance on modelling decisions and elements specific to hybrid simulation that modellers need to consider. This paper proposes a practical framework for developing a conceptual hybrid simulation model that is built on reviews and reflections of theoretical and application literature on combining methods. The framework is then used to inform and guide the process of conceptual model building for a case study in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in care homes. In addition, reflection on the use of the framework for the case study led to refining the framework itself. This case study is also used to demonstrate how the framework informs the structural design of a hybrid simulation model and relevant modelling decisions during the conceptualisation phase.

Utilization of time-driven activity-based costing and process simulation in cost management of organization

The deployment of information and communication technologies in organizations is on the rise. Many organizations consider the application of technologies to be a crucial key to improve their processes. However, traditional costing systems are not suitable for cost estimation of business processes due to the use of volume-based cost drivers, which are often not adequate for the structure of today’s organizations. In this research, we present an overview of how the TDABC (time-driven activity-based costing) model can be combined with process mining and business process simulation for cost estimation of such processes. The objective of this paper is to use the cost dimension as a major attribute for the potential implementation of robotic process automation (RPA) in companies. However, information and communication technologies could be considered in general. We demonstrate our approach in a case study that takes advantage of a real-life event log containing transactional data representing the loan application process in an insurance company. The event log is analyzed and processed using process mining techniques. Based on the preprocessing, a simulation model representing the original loan application process is designed. The designed simulation model is then used for simulation of partial and full implementation of RPA through separate scenarios. Then, we add the cost dimension to the simulation by enriching the event log with cost data based on a formalized cost model. We show that even though partial implementation of RPA might not deliver significant increase in efficiency in the process, it might still represent significant cost savings.

Development of a characterization and modeling method for Digital Twins in an assembly use case

This paper presents a cross-application approach for the efficient modeling of Digital Twins. In addition to the definition of the objectives and the corresponding requirements for modular data modeling, it also includes the design of simulation models and their necessary interfaces. In particular, the focus of the method is to simplify the development of a Digital Twin for adaptable assembly systems by using the approach as a base for the conceptional design. Besides a description of the method and possible future developments, this paper also contains the validation of the derived approach in an assembly use case.

Design and optimization of a computer simulation model for green hydrogen production by waste heat recovery from Afyon biogas plant

In this study, a thermodynamic model was designed with the Aspen Plus program and optimized multidimensionally of the Afyon biogas power plant to reduce the unit electricity cost and produce green hydrogen. The model also includes ORC integration to use the exhaust gas energy of the existing power plant. In the model, which includes the whole process from biomass receiving to final electricity production, the plant produces 4000 kW of net electrical power. As a result of ORC integration and optimization, the net electricity production of the plant and ORC were determined as 4625.42 kW and 1215.31 kW, respectively. These values correspond to 0.039 $/kWh unit electricity cost. The power obtained in ORC is stored by producing hydrogen during periods of low electricity demand. For this purpose, ORC power is primarily used to electrolyze H2S (green hydrogen) released in biogas production. The rest of the power is used in the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen, released in biogas production, is added to the storage process. As a result, approximately 7.447 kg/min of hydrogen is produced at the power plant, costing 0.18 $/kg.

A Basic Design Tool for Grid-Connected AC–DC Converters Using Silcon Carbide MOSFETs

The design and optimization of power converters is a key factor in the growth and development of the power electronics field. However, the process of designing a power converter is not straightforward, and engineers often rely on experience and intuition, sometimes requiring time-consuming computer simulations. This paper presents a tool for the basic design of grid-connected AC–DC converters. The design tool takes specifications and operating conditions for two-level and three-level NPC converter topologies and derives a draft design. The tool calculates the input filter’s electrical parameters, the converter’s losses, the temperature rise of the power semiconductor devices, and the ripple current and voltage of the DC-link capacitor. In order to validate the proposed design tool, four AC–DC converters using SiC MOSFETs were designed. Based on the design results, simulation models and prototypes were fabricated to verify the performance and confirm that the proposed design tool can be used in the basic design process of converters.

DEVELOPMENT OF A VIRTUAL-BASED SKILL COMPETENCY TEST (UKK) PRACTICUM MODEL IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER NETWORKING ENGINEERING

Abstract This study aims to determine: (1) the stages of developing a virtual-based UKK practicum model in the Network Computer Engineering Laboratory at SMK Negeri Labuang. (2) Development of a virtual-based UKK practicum model majoring in computer network engineering is valid, practical and effective as a result of development. The research method used is the method of research and development or Research and Development. The process of developing a virtual-based UKK practicum model refers to the ADDED development model which is a new development model resulting from descriptive analysis, critical analysis, and comparative analysis. The ADDED model stages include: (1) the Analyze stage, namely the analysis of the need for a computer / laptop as hardware, the availability of internet services, a computer laboratory while the application needs as software. (2) The Design Stage, namely the sequence or steps of making a design for the development of a practicum model, namely the required applications. (3) Development stage, namely product development in the form of a practicum model with a simulation model design specification. (4) Evaluate and Revise stage, namely steps in assessing and testing the validity, practicality, and effectiveness; (5) Dissemination and Implementation Stage, namely the process of disseminating and implementing the practicum model development. Assessment and testing is carried out by competent experts or experts, namely media and network computer techniques, while the testing is carried out through limited individual and group trials. The results of the assessment show that the development of a virtual-based UKK practicum model has fulfilled its validity by covering aspects of display, virtual and programming, the test results show that it is practical and effective. The development of the virtual-based UKK practicum model is said to be practical because it is in the very good category, it is said to be effective because the results of the evaluation carried out have met or reached the predetermined passing standard value. The development of a virtual-based UKK practicum model that was developed met the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective. For this reason, it is suggested that the virtual-based UKK practicum model can be used as a media for learning simulation for students majoring in network computer engineering in dealing with UKK SMK as well as a reference for tutors to conduct a practice orientation period, practice using practical tools. Keywords: Development, Model, Virtual UKK Practicum

Parameter Optimization Design of the Commutation Circuit of a Hybrid DC-Current-Limiting Circuit Breaker

Aimed at the optimization design of the parameters of the commutation circuit of a hybrid DC-current-limiting circuit breaker (HDCCLCB), a parameter selection model considering the short-time withstand of the thyristor and the volume of the commutation circuit is proposed by simplifying the object, and the commutation circuit parameters were preliminarily obtained. In order to verify the correctness of the method of selecting the commutation circuit parameters, the circuit simulation model of the HDCCLCB was built. The experimental platform was built, and the breaking experiment was completed under the fault condition with the current rising rate of 20 A/μs. The correctness of the simulation model and parameter design method was verified by comparing the circuit model simulation results with the experimental results. In order to further optimize the parameters of the commutation circuit, a mathematical model for optimization design was established. Taking the maximum critical breakdown voltage under unit capacitance energy as the objective function, the arcing time before commutating and the current-limiting inductance and capacitance are enumerated to obtain the optimized commutation circuit parameters. By comparing this result with the result of the preliminary design, the objective function is improved by 20.7%, laying a solid foundation for further research and the development of current-limiting circuit breakers for medium-voltage DC systems.

Three-dimensional modeling of grain structure growth within ceramic tool material

Ceramic cutting tool materials possess specific advantages, including high hardness, excellent wear resistance, and high chemical stability, making them unparalleled in the machining of difficult-to-process materials compared to traditional cutting tools. The mechanical performance of these materials is primarily determined by their microstructure. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate and optimize the microstructure of ceramic cutting tool materials to provide theoretical guidance for further enhancing their fracture toughness. In this paper, a simulation model based on sintering densification theory was proposed, coupling crystal plasticity with a three-dimensional cellular automaton, to investigate the impact of nanoparticle content, sintering temperature, sintering pressure, and holding time on grain growth in composite ceramic materials using spark plasma sintering (SPS). Furthermore, an evolution model for grain growth of TiB2-TiC-SiC nanocomposite ceramic materials in cutting tools is established, and the optimal sintering process parameters are obtained. Finally, SPS experiments were conducted. Under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1600 °C, holding time of 7 min, and sintering pressure of 40 MPa, optimal mechanical performance composite ceramic cutting tool materials were prepared. The experimental results, including a hardness of 25.6 GPa, fracture toughness of 7.1 MPa·m1/2, and flexural strength of 628.2 MPa, were consistent with the simulation outcomes. This indicates that the designed simulation model for nanocomposite ceramic grain growth reliably reflects the physical process of grain growth in the material and provides valuable guidance for further understanding the mechanisms underlying grain growth.

Design and realization of data mining simulation and methodological models

Data mining in education is steadily gaining momentum to explore the learning analytics because of its easy to use with any programming knowledge. This emerging method primarily focus on developing methods for handling and exploring voluminous information represented in distinct types of data. Deployment of data mining in education helps to better understand the synergy between the learning and educational settings established by the institutions to foster their learning activity. This work presents a data mining based virtual simulation experimental teaching system which provisions personalized interactive learning, real-world scene experimental training and comprehensive assessment of the learning effect. The proposed system employs interactive programming, automatic evaluation of experimental results, assessing the impact of teaching effectiveness with other modules. The work also provides a series of comprehensive cases and programming experiments apart from presenting the execution pages. The results indicate that this system can intuitively help students to improve their learning process, student participation and foster independent learning ability. The application of data mining alleviates the dependency on complex programming paradigms to make learning analytics, which is beneficial to both the teaching and learning communities.

Analysis of startup process of small modular reactor with OTSGs

The ACP100 adopts the design of Once-Through steam generators(OTSGs). During the startup process, it involves the complicated heat transfer phenomenon which changes from single phase flow heat transfer to two phase flow heat transfer on the secondary side of OTSGs. In order to avoid the OTSGs operating in the operating interval where flow instability will occur, the coolant temperature of primary side and the feedwater flow rate of secondary side are all strictly required in the two phase flow operating interval of OTSGs. Besides, the regulation and fluctuation of the reactor nuclear power during the startup process influenced the stability of OTSGs operation, which makes the development and the validation startup strategy more important. The OTSGs simulation model of Babcock & Wilcox company design has been developed with APROS, the simulation result shows that it has good accordance with the operation parameters in literature. This model can capture the two phase flow heat transfer phenomenon on the secondary side of OTSGs. On this basis, the ACP100 startup numerical model has been developed also with APROS. The key parameters influenced the OTSGs operation during the whole startup process has been acquired in simulation. The recommendation for improving OTSGs operation stability during ACP100 startup process has been given.

Model-Based Digital Overall Integrated Design Method of AUVs

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have the characteristics of a high performance, a complex coupling mechanism, a compact, complex system composition, as well as high requirements for design constraints, quality, and reliability. In the traditional overall design process, numerous design tools and software programs are used, which results in poor model data sharing, a lack of uniqueness and synchronization between system levels, and difficulty in process tracing. Moreover, it is challenging to meet the technical requirements for close collaboration and rapid iteration of multiple positions. To address the aforementioned limitations, this study proposes a digital overall integrated design method for the design and simulation integration of AUVs and defines a unified architecture and interface for system-level design simulation models, thus solving the interoperability and consistency problems in multiple tools and models. In addition, a model-based AUV system integration design verification method that combines different processes, specifications, and models is designed, and software similar to Cameo, which can provide technical means for system-level integrated design and achieve rapid modeling and simulation verification based on system design solutions, is developed. Finally, a practical system design is conducted by taking specific AUV equipment as a research object, and the proposed methods are compared with traditional methods to prove the improvement effect of the technical route on the equipment and development efficiency.

Drilling Deeper in Shallow Geoexchange Heat Pump Systems—Thermogeological, Energy and Hydraulic Benefits and Restraints

In the last decade, due to climate change concerns and new environmental regulations in the EU, there was a tremendous rise in installed heat pump systems in new homes and buildings. The majority of these installed units are related to air-source heat pumps, as they offer a good trade-off between capital and operating expenses. However, when analysing heating and cooling heat pump systems from the primary energy consumption and ecological aspects, groundwater and shallow geothermal heat pump systems offer superior efficiency, compared to all market-available thermo-technical systems today. In the last decade, ground-source systems have seen some technological improvement by employing new borehole heat exchanger designs, such as piping with internal fins and a wider diameter (so called Turbocollector) to enhance the heat transfer between fluid and rock, as well as to reduce the pressure drop in the system. Furthermore, the process of drilling deeper offers higher ground temperatures and consequently higher seasonal performance factors in the heating cycle, due to the effect of the geothermal gradient. Nevertheless, although deeper boreholes provide better heat extraction rates per meter during the heat pump heating cycle, at the same time, it reduces heat rejection rates during the heat pump cooling cycle. The objective of this paper is to analyse and evaluate benefits and downsides of a new approach in the heat pump system design with deeper borehole heat exchangers of up to 300 m, comparing it to the traditional design of double-loop exchangers with 100 m depth. The geothermal borehole grid design simulation model, along with heat extraction and rejection, is performed on a yearly basis. The results are showing that the benefits of shallow geothermal boreholes, from the hydraulic and thermodynamic point of view, still dominate over deeper solutions.

Simulation Modeling for Health Care Operations: User-centered Design Needed!

Simulation modeling in health care has been touted as a solution to many problems, such as scheduling, wait times, or staffing. While researchers have argued for stakeholder involvement, few have described how to implement user-centered design (UCD) to develop, evaluate, and implement simulations for health care. In this paper, we explain how UCD theory can address common issues found in the health care simulation literature. We illustrate our points using experience applying UCD to develop a vaccination clinic simulation and provide additional UCD strategies relevant to the design of simulation models for health care.

Thermal design and analysis of JZJ-5 CubeSat

JZJ-5 is a 3U commercial CubeSat contracted by Nanjing University of Science and Technology. This paper first introduces the thermal control design of the CubeSat, then calculates the temperature field in the high and low temperature conditions by using the finite element method, and finally compares the measured temperature data in orbit with the thermal simulation data. The data results show that the temperature state of the CubeSat in orbit meets the requirements of thermal design, and the thermal control design scheme and simulation model are reasonable.