Interactive Simulation Method Research Articles

Investigation on flooding dynamic response and mitigation measure of river bridge

Flood-induced failure of river bridges is intense due to frequently extreme and undesigned precipitation for global climate change. To reveal the dynamic characteristics and failure mechanism of bridges, flooding dynamic analysis is fully investigated via fluid–structure interaction simulation and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. Parametric analysis of different fluids and bridge configurations and pre-ballast mitigation measure are further conducted based on a simply-supported box-girder bridge. This study reveals several significant findings: the narrow channel can accelerate downstream flood velocity of the bridge piers to over double that of the upstream flow; moreover, unsubmerged piers experience vertical downward wave force surpassing buoyancy; the box girders exhibit three flood-response states, i.e., intact, slip and collapse, dependent on the hydraulic loading and bridge resistance capacity. Maximum horizontal wave force and displacement increase exponentially with the depth of water storage. Post-slip damage, bearing stress on the wave-facing side tends towards zero, while the wave-backing side presents a twofold increase. Maximum horizontal displacement (Xmax) distinguishes the failure states, such as 0 m ≤ Xmax ≤ 0.03 m (intact), 0.03 m < Xmax ≤ 1.39 m (slip), Xmax > 1.39 m (collapse), whose relation to the maximum horizontal wave force has been proposed for design reference and the inversion analysis of the bridge force. Applying a pre-ballast equivalent to 75 % of girder weight reduces Xmax by up to 91.5 %, shifting failure from collapse to slip. These insights offer crucial guidance for enhancing bridge safety amidst escalating flood risks.

Effect of incident angle of oblique-blowing airflow on yarn in pneumatic tucked-in selvedge apparatus

With the increasing requirements of high-speed weaving on looms, more and more shuttleless looms begin to use pneumatic tucked-in selvedge apparatus for tucked-in. In this paper, the oblique-blowing process of yarn under different incident angles is analyzed, the oblique blowing-folding model of airflow and the yarn structure model are established, and the numerical simulation of the oblique blowing-folding flow field of yarn is carried out. The oblique blowing-airflow at different incident angles produces different oblique-blowing processes and pneumatic tucked-in airflow fields, resulting in different deformation and movement of the yarn during the oblique-blowing process, which will also affect the yarn tucked-in process. Therefore, the fluid–structure interaction simulation method is used to analyze the movement of yarn in oblique-blowing and folding-in airflow, and a visual experimental platform is designed to record the state of yarn tucked-in under different oblique-blowing airflow angles by high-speed camera. The research has engineering significance for improving yarn tucked-in quality and tucked-in efficiency, and provides theoretical support for further improving pneumatic tucked-in selvedge apparatus.

Adaptive Synchronization and Pacing Control for Visual Interactive Simulation

Parallel and distributed computing enable the execution of large and complex simulations. Yet, the usual separation of (headless) simulation execution and (subsequent, offline) output analysis often renders the simulation endeavor long and inefficient. Recently, Visual Interactive Simulation (VIS) tools and methods that address this end-to-end efficiency are gaining relevance, offering in-situ visualization, real-time debugging, and computational steering. Here, the typically distributed computing nature of the simulation execution poses synchronization challenges between the headless simulation engine and the user-facing frontend required for Visual Interactive Simulation. To the best of our knowledge, state-of-the-art synchronization approaches fall short due to their rigidity and inability to adapt to real-time user-centric changes. This paper introduces a novel adaptive algorithm to dynamically adjust the simulation’s pacing through a buffer-based framework, informed by predictive workload analysis. Our extensive experimental evaluation across diverse synthetic scenarios illustrates our method’s effectiveness in enhancing runtime efficiency and synchronicity, significantly reducing end-to-end time while minimizing user interaction delays, thereby addressing key limitations of existing synchronization strategies.

The Effect of Transverse Sinus Stenosis Caused by Arachnoid Granulation on Patients with Venous Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Multiphysics Interaction Simulation Investigation.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the transverse sinus (TS) stenosis (TSS) position caused by arachnoid granulation on patients with venous pulsatile tinnitus (VPT) and to further identify the types of TSS that are of therapeutic significance for patients. Multiphysics interaction models of six patients with moderate TSS caused by arachnoid granulation and virtual stent placement in TSS were reconstructed, including three patients with TSS located in the middle segment of the TS (group 1) and three patients with TTS in the middle and proximal involvement segment of the TS (group 2). The transient multiphysics interaction simulation method was applied to elucidate the differences in biomechanical and acoustic parameters between the two groups. The results revealed that the blood flow pattern at the TS and sigmoid sinus junction was significantly changed depending on the stenosis position. Preoperative patients had increased blood flow in the TSS region and TSS downstream where the blood flow impacted the vessel wall. In group 1, the postoperative blood flow pattern, average wall pressure, vessel wall vibration, and sound pressure level of the three patients were comparable to the preoperative state. However, the postoperative blood flow velocity decreased in group 2. The postoperative average wall pressure, vessel wall vibration, and sound pressure level of the three patients were significantly improved compared with the preoperative state. Intravascular intervention therapy should be considered for patients with moderate TSS caused by arachnoid granulations in the middle and proximal involvement segment of the TS. TSS might not be considered the cause of VPT symptoms in patients with moderate TSS caused by arachnoid granulation in the middle segment of the TS.

Fast fluid–structure interaction simulation method based on deep learning flow field modeling

The rapid acquisition of high-fidelity flow field information is of great significance for engineering applications such as multi-field coupling. Current research in flow field modeling predominantly focuses on low Reynolds numbers and periodic flows, exhibiting weak generalization capabilities and notable issues with temporal inferring error accumulation. Therefore, we establish a reduced order model (ROM) based on Convolutional Auto-Encoder (CAE) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network and propose an unsteady flow field modeling method for the airfoil with a high Reynolds number and strong nonlinear characteristics. The attention mechanism and weak physical constraints are integrated into the model architecture to improve the modeling accuracy. A broadband excitation training strategy is proposed to overcome the error accumulation problem of long-term inferring. With only a small amount of latent codes, the relative error of the flow field reconstructed by CAE can be less than 5‰. By training LSTM with broadband excitation signals, stable dynamic evolution can be achieved in the time dimension. CAE-LSTM can accurately predict the forced response and complex limit cycle behavior of the airfoil in a wide range of amplitude and frequency under subsonic/transonic conditions. The relative errors of predicted variables and integral force are less than 1%. The fluid–structure interaction framework is built by coupling the ROM and motion equations of the structure. CAE-LSTM predicts the time series response of pitch displacement and moment coefficient at different reduced frequencies, which is in good agreement with computational fluid dynamics, and the simulation time savings exceed one order of magnitude.

INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF THE AGE CHARACTERISTICS OF TEENAGERS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

The article substantiates the relevance of the problem of forming teenagers' readiness for intercultural communication in the age context from the point of view of interdisciplinary analysis. The reasons for the relevance of studying such issues are indicated: communication with representatives of other cultures, implementation of academic, professional or personal mobility. The purpose of the presented research is to do the interdisciplinary analysis of the age characteristics of teenagers` in the context of intercultural communication from pedagogical, social, psychological, physiological and axiological aspects. Analysis and systematization of scientific literature, classification, generalization were chosen as the leading methods. Positions are presented that are fundamental in the context of the research problem, namely: 1) the process of their socialization has a strong influence on teenagers, primarily in their own environment; 2) a person's life motivation begins to form at the teenager`s age; 3) taking into account the capabilities of the teenager`s body and giving feasible tasks. It was found that in order to engage all students at the lesson, it is desirable to use interactive collective learning methods that allow the teacher to establish emotional and intellectual relationships with teenagers aimed at achieving joint success. The variability of modern methods and technologies, which involve the use of technological, software and technical means, is revealed, namely: training methods, interactive collective learning methods, web quests, project methods, role-playing games, dialogue technologies, simulation and interactive modeling methods. It is noted that the indicated methods and technologies of forming teenagers' readiness for intercultural communication ensure awareness of their own cultural identity, interest and respect for universal and national cultural values.

Wind-Induced Vibration and Vibration Suppression of High-Mast Light Poles with Spiral Helical Strakes

In this study, three-dimensional finite element models of high-mast light poles without and with spiral helical strakes were built using ANSYS software to investigate their vibration characteristics in a wind environment. Based on a two-way, fluid–structure interaction simulation method, the dynamic responses of the high-mast light poles under different windspeeds were analyzed. The results indicate that the high-mast light pole structure without spiral helical strakes may suffer from evident vortex-induced vibration, which is dominated by the third vibration mode in the windspeed range of 5~8 m/s, whereas the light pole with spiral helical strakes had no obvious vortex-induced vibration. The external helical strakes can amplify the along-wind response of the light pole to a certain extent, while significantly decreasing its crosswind vortex-induced response. The vibration suppression effect is better when the value of pitch P is small. Practically, if P = 7.5 D (D is the diameter of the dominant vibration mode), the vibration suppression effect is best. On the other hand, if the value of pitch P remains constant, the vibration suppression effect increases with the height H of the outer helical strakes. However, excessively high outer helical strakes may also increase the along-wind response of the structure. In general, when spiral helical strakes are used in design, the recommended values of P and H are P = 7.5 D and H = 0.20 D.

An Explicit-Correction-Force Scheme of IB-LBM Based on Interpolated Particle Distribution Function.

In order to obtain a better numerical simulation method for fluid-structure interaction (FSI), the IB-LBM combining the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and immersed boundary method (IBM) has been studied more than a decade. For this purpose, an explicit correction force scheme of IB-LBM was proposed in this paper. Different from the current IB-LBMs, this paper introduced the particle distribution function to the interpolation process from the fluid grids to the immersed boundary at the mesoscopic level and directly applied the LBM force models to obtain the interface force with a simple form and explicit process. Then, in order to ensure the mass conservation in the local area of the interface, this paper corrected the obtained interface force with the correction matrix, forming the total explicit-correction-force (ECP) scheme of IB-LBM. The results of four numerical tests were used to verify the order of accuracy and effectiveness of the present method. The streamline penetration is limited and the numerical simulation with certain application significance is successful for complex boundary conditions such as the movable rigid bodies (free oscillation of the flapping foil) and flexible deformable bodies (free deformation of cylinders). In summary, we obtained a simple and alternative simulation method that can achieve good simulation results for engineering reference models with complex boundary problems.

Aerodynamic Force and Aeroelastic Response Characteristics Analyses for the Galloping of Ice-Covered Four-Split Transmission Lines in Oblique Flows

In order to study the galloping mechanism of ice-covered four-split transmission lines in oblique flows, the aerodynamic forces and aero-elastic response characteristics of the crescent-shaped four-split ice-covered transmission lines are investigated through wind tunnel tests on rigid and aero-elastic models. According to Den Hartog and Nigel’s galloping theories, the damping coefficients are calculated based on the experimental data. The results show that the crescent-shaped ice-covered four-split transmission lines usually suffer from torsional galloping. Furthermore, based on the aero-elastic wind tunnel data, the galloping is characterized by an elliptical trajectory, negative damping ratio, and a negative strain at hanging position. In addition, the galloping appears to be more prone to occur under oblique flows, with a larger galloping amplitude and a lower critical wind speed. This might be because an out-of-plane vibration of the third-order mode is excited at a lower wind speed, leading to a coupled resonance between in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations at the third-order mode with a frequency ratio of 1:1. The experimental results in this paper can also be used to verify the fluid-structure interaction simulation method of ice-covered transmission lines.

Implementing STAD cooperative learning model integrated interactive PhET simulation to enhance high school students’ learning outcomes: a case of momentum-impulse concepts

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of STAD with the help of PhET interactive simulations in increasing student activity and learning outcomes and to find out the difference in improving student learning outcomes before and after the implementation of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning with the help of PhET interactive simulations about momentum and impulse. This research was conducted because there are still many students who get unsatisfactory learning outcomes in physics subjects, because students think that physics subjects are difficult to understand. One of the reasons is that learning is dominated by the teacher so that students do not have the opportunity to exchange ideas. In addition, students need tools to get an overview of the material presented by the teacher. So that STAD learning with the help of interactive PhET simulation can help students to improve student learning outcomes. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. Based on the Wilcoxon test, the Z value was obtained (Z=-2.532; p=0.11&lt;0.05), the hypothesis was that there was a difference in the improvement of student learning outcomes between those using STAD learning with the help of PhET interactive simulation and conventional learning methods.

Implementing STAD cooperative learning model integrated interactive PhET simulation to enhance high school students’ learning outcomes: a case of momentum-impulse concepts

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of STAD with the help of PhET interactive simulations in increasing student activity and learning outcomes and to find out the difference in improving student learning outcomes before and after the implementation of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning with the help of PhET interactive simulations about momentum and impulse. This research was conducted because there are still many students who get unsatisfactory learning outcomes in physics subjects because students think that physics subjects are difficult to understand. One of the reasons is that learning is dominated by the teacher so students do not have the opportunity to exchange ideas. In addition, students need tools to get an overview of the material presented by the teacher. So that STAD learning with the help of interactive PhET simulation can help students to improve student learning outcomes. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. Based on the Wilcoxon test, the Z value was obtained (Z=-2.532; p=0.11), and the hypothesis was that there was a difference in the improvement of student learning outcomes between those using STAD learning with the help of PhET interactive simulation and conventional learning methods.

The pathogenesis of superior mesenteric artery dissection: An in-depth study based on fluid–structure interaction and histology analysis

ObjectiveTo explore the role of hemodynamic factors in the occurrence of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection (SMAD) using a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation method, and to identify histopathologic changes occurring in the wall of the SMA. MethodsA total of 122 consecutive patients diagnosed with SMAD and 122 controls were included in this study. Hemodynamic factors were calculated using a FSI simulation method. Additionally, SMA specimens obtained from 12 cadavers were stained for histological quantitative analysis. ResultsThe mean aortomesenteric angle (59.7° ± 21.4° vs 48.2° ± 16.8°; p < .001) and SMA maximum curvature (0.084 ± 0.078 mm-1 vs 0.032 ± 0.023 mm−1; p < .001) were higher in SMAD patients than the controls. Larger aortomesenteric angles and SMA curvatures were associated with higher and more concentrated wall shear stress at anterior wall of the SMA curve segment, co-located with the dissection origins. The mean thickness of media (325.18 ± 44.87 µm vs 556.92 ± 138.32 µm; p = .003) was thinner in the anterior wall of the SMA curve than in the posterior wall. The area fractions of elastin (17.96% ± 3.36% vs 27.06% ± 4.18%; p = .002) and collagen (45.43% ± 6.89% vs 55.57% ± 7.57%; p = .036) were lower in anterior wall of the SMA curve than in posterior wall. ConclusionIncreased aortomesenteric angle and SMA curvature are risk factors for SMAD. Both of these factors can cause local hemodynamic abnormalities, which can lead to histopathologic changes in anterior wall of SMA.

METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION OF STUDENTS IN ENGLISH LESSONS

The article is devoted to the methodological support for the formation of intercultural communication of school students in English lessons. The aim of the article is to describe the methodological support which can be used to form the intercultural communication of school students at the English lessons. Analysis and systematization of the methods for the formation of intercultural communication of school students at the English lessons were chosen as the leading methods. The author mentions that in the era of globalization and digital society the development of science, technology and pace of people’s life is constantly accelerating. Thus, nowadays, one of the most necessary skills of a modern person is his or her readiness for the intercultural communication, which supposes his or her ability to communicate with the representatives of different cultures and to achieve the desired result – mutual understanding. It is pointed out that the secondary school has to form the readiness for intercultural communication since adolescence. This age is sensitive to the formation of moral and cultural qualities of personality, character, attitudes, stereotypes of behaviour thinking, world-view which provides an opportunity to instil national and universal human values in teenagers, to cultivate a respectful attitude towards another culture. Also, the most favourable environment for acquiring and learning international communication skills is the English lesson. It is almost impossible to communicate with the representatives of other cultures without knowing English. It is defined that the effective methodological support for the formation of intercultural communication of school students at the English lessons depends on the correct usage, combination and sequence of methods, techniques and means. Different methods of forming intercultural communication of school students at the English lessons are given: verbal narrative, clarification, discussion, lecture, illustration method, displaying, dramatization method, dialogic teaching and technologies, simulations and interactive simulation methods, methods of biographic reflection, role plays, method of projects, WebQuests, training method.

Study on aerodynamic excitation of radial turbine blades with vaneless volute at low excitation order

High cycle fatigue (HCF) of radial turbine blades is one of key issues of turbochargers and it determines the reliability of the device. Most of researches about HCF of radial turbine blades focus on vaned turbines, whereas few investigations have been carried out on vaneless turbines which are widely applied in automobile turbochargers. This paper studies the blade vibration mechanism of a vaneless radial turbine at low excitation order via one-way fluid–structure interaction simulation method validated by experiments. The results surprisingly demonstrate that blade vibration response does not increase consistently with turbine load. Instead, a non-monotonic correlation is observed between vibration response and turbine load. The energy analysis is employed to understand the phenomenon and the results manifest that the variation of energy imposed on blade suction surface is the direct reason for the non-monotonic correlation. Detailed flow field analysis further suggests that the non-monotonic trend of energy on suction surface is caused by the interaction of two flow structures at different turbine loads: separation vortex at blade leading edge and tip leakage vortex caused by pressure difference between pressure surface/suction surface. The study of blade excitation in this research can enlighten the new design of vaneless turbine with both good performance and high reliability.

Interactive hepatic parenchymal transection simulation with haptic feedback

BackgroundLiver resection involves surgical removal of a portion of the liver. It is used to treat liver tumors and liver injuries. The complexity and high-risk nature of this surgery prevents novice doctors from practicing it on real patients. Virtual surgery simulation was developed to simulate surgical procedures to enable medical professionals to be trained without requiring a patient, a cadaver, or an animal. Therefore, there is a strong need for the development of a liver resection surgery simulation system. We propose a real-time simulation system that provides realistic visual and tactile feedback for hepatic parenchymal transection. MethodsThe tetrahedron structure and cluster-based shape matching are used for physical model construction, topology update of a three-dimensional liver model soft deformation simulation, and haptic rendering acceleration. During the liver parenchyma separation simulation, a tetrahedral mesh is used for surface triangle subdivision and surface generation of the surgical wound. The shape-matching cluster is separated via component detection on an undirected graph constructed using the tetrahedral mesh. ResultsIn our system, cluster-based shape matching is implemented on a GPU, whereas haptic rendering and topology updates are implemented on a CPU. Experimental results show that haptic rendering can be performed at a high frequency (>900Hz), whereas mesh skinning and graphics rendering can be performed at 45fps. The topology update can be executed at an interactive rate (>10Hz) on a single CPU thread. ConclusionsWe propose an interactive hepatic parenchymal transection simulation method based on a tetrahedral structure. The tetrahedral mesh simultaneously supports physical model construction, topology update, and haptic rendering acceleration.

Research on negative-buoyancy autorotating-rotor autonomous underwater vehicles

The traditional neutral buoyancy underwater vehicle's carrying capacity is limited by space and displacement, making it difficult to meet the increasing demand for mission sensors. In light of this, a new type of negative-buoyancy autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with an autorotating rotor is proposed in this paper. Referring to the principle of air autorotating rotor, the negative-buoyancy autorotating-rotor autonomous underwater vehicle (NAAUV) adopts an autorotating rotor to provide lift and compensate for negative buoyancy, thus achieving effective navigation. Negative-buoyancy vehicles have greater carrying capacity, less use of buoyancy materials, smaller size of the vehicle, and lower resistance and energy consumption. To verify the working principle of NAAUV, a dynamic model is established and the navigation process of the vehicle is simulated. The results verify satisfactory navigation stability of the vehicle. Focus on the issue of the flapping and shimmy caused by inconsistent speeds of advancing and retreating rotor blades, the two-way fluid-structure interaction simulation method is adopted. As a result, flapping deformation and equivalent stress of the rotor are acquired. Because rotor material performance requirements are not strict, common metal materials can meet the requirements.

A constrained spline dynamics (CSD) method for interactive simulation of elastic rods

In this paper, we present constrained spline dynamics (CSD) as a unified framework for the elastodynamic simulation of elastic rods subjected to constraints at interactive rates. The geometry of the rod and its kinematics are discretized using smooth spline functions and the rod's centerline co-ordinates as degrees of freedom (DOF). Interpolating B-spline shape functions are used to take advantage of the smooth basis and the Kronecker delta property. The formulation is developed from Hamilton's principle with bending and twisting energies represented as compliant constraints. The bend-twist coupled behavior is modeled using the concept of holonomy of curves utilizing the smooth and accurate curvature and bi-normal vector fields, eliminating rotational director frames as degrees of freedom. By enforcing uniform arc-length parametrization, high accuracy is achieved in modeling bend, twist, and bend-twist coupling. Several numerical examples are presented that demonstrate the convergence behavior, computational accuracy and efficiency of the formulation.

The Analysis of Dimple Geometry on Artificial Hip Joint to the Performance of Lubrication

This research analyzed the effect of applied surface texturing on bearing component of the artificial hip joint due to lubrication performance. The main contribution of the paper was explaining the significant role of adding dimples in artificial hip joint surface bearing who can probably decrease friction interaction on the acetabular liner and femoral head that impact on improving wear resistance. This is achieved by analyzing the geometric variation (shape and diameter) of the dimple to the performance of lubricating metal-on-metal artificial hip joint bearings under normal walking conditions. The research method focused on numerical analysis using the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) simulation method which reviewed the solid and fluid structure. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the variation of ellipse dimple with a diameter of 80 μm has the best lubrication performance, which is indicated by the largest hydrodynamic fluid pressure of 0.915 Pa, the smallest solid pressure is 0.433 Pa, and the largest lubricant thickness is 22.672 μm.

Fluid-Structure Interaction Vibration Response Analysis of the Hydrocyclone Under Periodic Excitation

Considering that the hydrocyclone will be affected by internal and external fluid forces in practical work, the numerical simulation method of fluid-structure interaction(FSI) of the hydrocyclone is proposed, and the finite volume method is used in the fluid domain and the finite element method is used in the solid domain. According to the numerical simulation of the flow around a circular cylinder, the magnitude and frequency of fluid flow around the hydrocyclone are obtained. On this basis, the numerical simulation and experimental research of the hydrocyclone are carried out, and the vibration characteristic of the hydrocyclone under the FSI condition is discussed, which the modal frequencies and modes of the hydrocyclone, the structural displacement and stress distribution characteristics of the FSI interface under periodic excitation are obtained. The results of numerical simulation and measured are compared and analyzed. The distribution trend and position of the maximum acceleration values are in good agreement between the measured and numerical simulation. The maximum deformation and the maximum acceleration values position of the hydrocyclone structure which is near the intersection between small conical section and tail pipe, and the structural deformation and maximum acceleration values of the hydrocyclone increase with the increase of inlet velocity. The analysis shows that the FSI model of the hydrocyclone is reasonable. Moreover, the influencing factors of fluid flow around the hydrocyclone should be considered in the future design and application of the hydrocyclone.

Interprofessional education involving didactic TeamSTEPPS® and interactive healthcare simulation: A systematic review

ABSTRACT The didactic portion of TeamSTEPPS®, which focuses on teaching teamwork and communication, coupled with interactive simulation methods provides a unique interprofessional education (IPE) learning environment. Across the literature there are a wide variety of such programs described, but there is not a consensus on the most effective methodology. A systematic review was therefore undertaken to synthesize, critically appraise, and evaluate existing literature on IPE programs that utilize didactic TeamSTEPPS in conjunction with interactive healthcare simulation. EBSCO and PubMed databases were searched from inception through March 2017 using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial search yielded 66 articles which was reduced to 42 peer-reviewed publications after duplicates were removed. An additional 2 articles were identified via hand search. Therefore, 44 articles were identified and reviewed and 11 studies met all inclusion criteria. Critical appraisal was performed using The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale-Education instruments. The outcome measures associated with each program as well as specifics of the didactic portion and interactive healthcare simulation are further explored in this review. It is anticipated that the findings from this systematic review will aid in the development of future evidence-based interprofessional programs.