Inductance Simulation Research Articles

Low frequency amplifier and oscillator using simulated inductor

The low frequency tuned amplifiers as well as oscillators are very difficult to design because the size of inductor becomes very large. It is impossible to realize such a large value of inductor practically. This paper presents an alternate method of using simulated inductor instead of passive component L at low frequencies. The design of simulated inductor for low frequency amplifiers and oscillators are presented. The simulation is done using the analog simulation software PSPICE and the results are shown graphically using MATLAB

Benefits of the LTCC Substrate Configuration with an Air‐Gap for Realization of RF Inductor with High Q‐Factor and SRF

This article offers a detail description of design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of inductors on different substrate configurations intended for application in radio frequency range. The presented inductors are meander type structures fabricated using low temperature co‐fired ceramic technology. Different substrate configurations incorporate placement of an air‐gap beneath the inductor. Obtained results present over 30% increase in quality factor and widening of the operating frequency range by over 55% in comparison with inductors on standard substrate configurations.

Benefits of the LTCC Substrate Configuration with an Air-Gap for Realization of RF Inductor with HighQ-Factor and SRF

This article offers a detail description of design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of inductors on different substrate configurations intended for application in radio frequency range. The presented inductors are meander type structures fabricated using low temperature co-fired ceramic technology. Different substrate configurations incorporate placement of an air-gap beneath the inductor. Obtained results present over 30% increase in quality factor and widening of the operating frequency range by over 55% in comparison with inductors on standard substrate configurations.

On the design of active inductors with current-controlled voltage sources

This paper presents a novel method of designing active inductors using current-controlled voltage sources (CCVSs). The basic idea consists of designing an equivalent inductor, using only capacitors and CCVSs. The signal-flow graph technique is used for this purpose. The CCVSs are emulated by means of nullator/norator pairs. These elements are then realized using second generation current conveyors (CCIIs), and a combination of CCIIs and operational transconductance amplifiers. In addition, a novel design of simulated inductors using operational transresistance amplifiers is presented. The proposed inductors were used to design filters. SPICE simulations are given to highlight viability and to show good reached results.

DXCCII-based grounded inductance simulators and filter applications

In this paper two new grounded inductance simulators based on DXCCII suitable for operation in 30kHz–30MHz frequency range, are presented. The proposed circuits both employ only a single dual X second-generation current conveyor (DXCCII) active device accompanied with three and four passive elements, respectively. The accuracy of the simulated inductors is verified by implementing them in some filter applications. Also, a novel multi-input single-output universal filter derived from one of the new grounded inductance simulators is simulated to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed circuit. Simulation results using AMS 0.35μm CMOS process technology parameters are included.

Realization of New Mutually Coupled Circuit Using CC-CBTAs

A novel circuit for the realization of the mutually coupled circuit using three current-controlled current backward transconductance amplifiers (CC-CBTAs) as active components is proposed. The active mutually coupled circuit structures are also called the synthetic transformers. The circuit is derived by using three floating simulated inductors that are connected as the T-type transformer model. The circuit has the following attractive advantages: (i) The values of a primary self-inductance, a secondary self-inductance and a mutual inductance can be independently tuned by the transconductance gain of the CC-CBTAs; (ii) The circuit uses three grounded capacitors that are suitable from the point of integrated circuit implementation; (iii) It uses only three active components; (iv) It has a good sensitivity performance with respect to the tracking errors; (v) Both positive and negative couplings are achieved and the coupling coefficient is not limited by 1 in magnitude; (vi) Symmetrical coupling is achieved without necessitating any matching condition; (vii) The proposed circuit has a floating structure.

BANDWIDTH EXPANSION METHODS OF INDUCTANCE SIMULATOR CIRCUITS AND VOLTAGE-MODE BIQUADS

In this paper, novel low and high frequency performance improvement techniques are proposed. High frequency performance improvement method is based on the single pole effect reduction/completely elimination by creating a corresponding zero while a low one is based on reduction/elimination of Z terminal parasitic resistors. Therefore, two grounded capacitance multipliers, three grounded inductor simulators, a floating inductor and a voltage-mode (VM) universal filter using second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) are used to explain the developed methods. One of the grounded inductor simulators, floating simulated inductor and VM biquad are novel. Further, both of the new simulated inductors use a grounded capacitor; accordingly, they are suitable for IC fabrication. However, all the proposed circuits need a single matching condition. A number of simulations through PSPICE program and experimental tests are accomplished to demonstrate the workability, performance and effectiveness.

Comment on “Novel lossless and lossy grounded inductor simulators consisting of a canonical number of components”

Comment on “Novel lossless and lossy grounded inductor simulators consisting of a canonical number of components”

Component reduced floating ± L, ± C and ± R simulators with grounded passive components

In this study, a novel immittance simulator circuit is proposed. The proposed circuit can simulate any one of the floating positive or negative inductor simulator (± L), positive or negative capacitor simulator (± C) and positive or negative resistor simulator (± R). It uses only one current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA) and two grounded passive components. The proposed simulator can be tuned electronically by changing the transconductance value of the CBTA. Moreover, the circuit does not require any conditions of component matching. It has a good sensitivity performance with respect to the tracking errors and the passive components. The performance of the proposed immittance simulator is demonstrated on the fourth-order voltage- and current-mode band-pass filters by using Pspice simulations based on the 0.25 μm TSMC level-7 CMOS technology parameters.

Realization of New Electronically Controllable Grounded and Floating Simulated Inductance Circuits Using Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifiers

A new active circuit is proposed for the realisation of lossless grounded and floating inductance employing Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifiers (VD-DIBAs). The proposed grounded simulated inductance circuit employs two VD-DIBAs and a single-grounded capacitor whereas the floating simulated inductance circuit employs three VD-DIBAs and a grounded capacitor. The circuit for grounded inductance does not require any realization conditions whereas in case of floating inductance, only equality of two transconductances is needed. Some sample results demonstrating the applications of the new simulated inductors using VD-DIBAs have been given to confirm the workability of the new circuits.

PLANAR INDUCTOR DESIGN FOR HIGH POWER APPLICATIONS

Design, simulation, and implementation of low proflle microstrip spiral inductors for high power Industrial, Scientiflc and Medical (ISM) applications at the high frequency (HF-3{30MHz) range are given for the flrst time. An accurate analytical model and algorithm have been developed to determine the simplifled lumped element equivalent model parameters for spiral inductor and its physical dimensions. Five difierent spiral inductors are then simulated with a planar electromagnetic simulator using the physical dimensions obtained for the desired inductance values with the analytical method. The implementation method and substrate selection for spiral inductors at the HF range are given in detail for high power applications. The spiral inductors are then constructed on 100mil Alumina substrate and measured with network analyzer. It is found that analytical, simulation and measurement results are in close agreement and the analytical method and algorithm that have been developed can be used to accurately determine the physical dimensions, and the resonant frequency of the spiral inductor for the desired inductance value.

MO-CCCCTA-Based Floating Positive and Negative Inductors and Their Applications

This paper introduces a floating inductance simulation using multiple output current controlled current conveyer transconductance amplifier (MO-CCCCTA). The simulated inductor retains minimum requirement of passive elements as only one-grounded capacitance is used for one inductor. PSPICE simulation has been done and included to ensure the validity of the approach. A few applications have also been included to substantiate the usability of the proposed circuit.

Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier: A New Analog Building Block for Signal Processing

A new active building block for analog signal processing, namely, differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA), is presented, and performance is checked through PSPICE simulations which show the usability of the proposed element is up to 201 MHz. The proposed block is implemented using 0.25 μm TSMC CMOS technology. Some of the applications are presented using the proposed DDCCTA, namely, a voltage mode multifunction filter, a current mode universal filter, an oscillator, current and voltage amplifiers, and grounded inductor simulator. The feasibility of DDCCTA and its applications is confirmed via PSPICE simulations.

PEEC antenna modeling of rectangular spiral inductors for RFID systems

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a fast and accurate simulation method for printed spiral radio frequency identification coils and to extract the parameters of an equivalent resonance circuit.Design/methodology/approachThe frequency‐dependent port impedance of a rectangular spiral multi‐turn antenna is simulated with the non‐retarded partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method. The discretization settings needed for an accurate modeling of skin and proximity effects at medium frequencies as well as parasitic capacitances are discussed. Two different PEEC approaches are used, a magneto‐quasi‐static (resistive and inductive cells) model and a non‐retarded (capacitive cells included) model in order to extract a reduced equivalent resonance circuit which is beneficial to describe the inductive coupling to further inductors via the transformer concept.FindingsWith optimized mesh settings, the extremely fast simulation can be carried out just in seconds whereas the results compared to a computationally much more expensive CST Microwave Studio® reference solution as well as an analytical direct current solution show errors of only about a few percent.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology is limited to frequencies up to the first self‐resonant frequency of the coil. In addition, piecewise‐homogeneous materials are implied.Originality/valueSpecialized mesh settings allow for a very fast and accurate simulation of rectangular spiral inductors. A method for the parameter extraction of a resonance circuit is proposed by evaluating two different PEEC models.

Novel grounded parallel inductance simulators realization using a minimum number of active and passive components

In this paper novel lossless and lossy grounded parallel inductance simulators are reported. All grounded inductor simulator circuits employing only a single DXCCII and three passive components are proposed. The proposed topologies realized all grounded parallel inductance variations. To demonstrate the performance of the presented DXCCII based parallel inductance simulators, we used one of the circuits to construct a third order high-pass filter, a voltage-mode band-pass filter and LC oscillator. Simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis. The proposed DXCCII and its applications are simulated using CMOS 0.35μm technology.

New lossless inductance simulators realization using a minimum active and passive components

In this paper, five new lossless grounded inductance simulators are presented. All proposed inductor simulator circuits employ with only a single Fully Differential Second-Generation Current Conveyor (FDCCII), two resistors and a capacitor are proposed. Moreover, all passive components are grounded therefore the proposed inductance simulator circuits offer ease of integration and tuning advantages with low sensitivities. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed FDCCII-based inductance simulators, we use one of the circuits to construct a current-mode multifunction filter. The proposed inductance simulator circuits and current-mode multifunction filter are simulated with SPICE program. Simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.

Design and realization of Chua’s circuit based on current conveyers

针对传统的蔡氏混沌电路中的信号频率受限和电流信号波形不易测量的缺点，提出了用电流传输器实现的蔡氏电路.采用电流传输器实现了有源仿真电感和蔡氏分段线性电阻，使电路的性能更加稳定、工作频率提高.同时，不需要任何附加电路，就可以非常容易地测量和观察电路中的电流波形以及与电流有关的相图.对电路进行了设计、计算机仿真、硬件实现和实验测试.测试结果与计算机仿真结果一致，证明了电路的正确性和设计的有效性.本电路适用于保密通信.

Investigation of On-Chip Soft-Ferrite-Integrated Inductors for RF ICs—Part II: Experiments

We report the systematic study and design optimization of CMOS-compatible on-chip ferrite-integrated inductors, including detailed quantitative analysis by simulation and circuit modeling, new ferrite fabrication and characterization, ferrite-integrated-inductor design, measurement, and optimization. A new ferrite nanopowder-mixed-photoresist spin-coating/inkjetting technique is discussed. The design and characterization of ferrite-integrated inductors with various ferrite-filling structures are presented. Measurement shows substantial improvement of up to +160% in inductance (L) and + 220% in quality factor (Q) across the multigigahertz frequency spectrum with a self-resonance frequency (f 0) over 20 GHz for the new ferrite-integrated inductors. This study clearly suggests that the new ferrite-integrated inductor technique is a potential solution to the realization of radio-frequency systems-on-a-chip requiring high-performance compact on-chip inductors. This work is presented in two parts. Part I discusses the design and simulation of ferrite-integrated inductors. This paper is Part II, presenting experimental results for material research and device implementation.

Investigation of On-Chip Soft-Ferrite-Integrated Inductors for RF ICs—Part I: Design and Simulation

We report a systematic investigation and design optimization of CMOS-compatible on-chip ferrite-integrated inductors, including a detailed quantitative analysis by simulation and circuit modeling, new ferrite material fabrication and characterization, and ferrite-integrated-inductor design, characterization, and optimization. A new ferrite nanopowder-mixed-photoresist spin-coating/inkjetting technique is discussed. The design and characterization of ferrite-integrated inductors with various ferrite-filling structures are presented. Measurement shows substantial improvement of up to +160% in inductance (L) and + 220% in quality factor (Q) across the multigigahertz frequency spectrum with a self-resonance frequency (f 0) of over 20 GHz for the new ferrite-integrated inductors. This paper clearly suggests that the new ferrite-integrated-inductor technique is a potentially viable solution to the realization of radio-frequency systems-on-a-chip requiring high-performance compact on-chip inductors. This work is presented in two parts. This paper is Part I, discussing the design and simulation of ferrite-integrated inductors. Part II discusses the experimental work, including material research and device implementation.

New grounded simulated inductance circuit using a single PFTFN

A new single-PFTFN based lossless grounded inductance simulation circuit has been presented. The proposed circuit employs a single PFTFN along with four resistors and a single capacitor and realises a lossless grounded inductance subject to the fulfillment of only one realization condition. Some sample results of circuits realized with the new simulated inductor using existing CMOS FTFN implementation have been given to demonstrate the workability of the new circuit.