Simplified Oral Hygiene Index Research Articles

Periodontal health status among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with age- and gender-matched controls.

Periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share a pathogenic mechanism that involves activating and using inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils, which generate pathological changes in various tissues with a chronic degenerative outcome. the aim of this study was to assess and compare the periodontal health status among COPD patients with age- and gender-matched controls. All the patients aged >30 years who were diagnosed with COPD by the physician were included as cases, while people who are apparently healthy and age and gender matched with cases were included as controls. Data on demographic details, socioeconomic status (Kuppuswamy scale), deleterious oral habits, and oral hygiene practices were obtained. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and the WHO basic oral health survey proforma (1997) were used to obtain the data on oral hygiene and periodontal status respectively. Most cases had moderate COPD severity (58.25%). The overall mean OHI-S, CPI, and LOA were higher among cases (3.92 ± 0.95, 3.68 ± 0.60, and 2.33 ± 1.10, respectively) in comparison to controls. Further, among cases, the mean oral hygiene and periodontitis increased with increased severity of COPD. Although among both cases and controls, gender, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption influenced their periodontal status, significant odds of higher risk were seen only among cases. Further, subjects with COPD had higher odds of having poor oral hygiene, deeper pocket depths, and LOA. A strong association between COPD and periodontitis was observed. The oral hygiene and periodontal disease worsened with the severity of COPD.

Association between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and periodontal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Although periodontal diseases have been widely reported in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), their association with JIA remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between JIA and periodontal diseases to facilitate oral health management and periodontal disease prevention in JIA patients. We conducted a comprehensive search of Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal (VIP) database, Wan Fang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) up to 30 September 2022, without publication dates or language restrictions. Two authors independently evaluated observational studies for inclusion, and the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Continuous variables are presented as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Parameters of the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing depth (PD) were considered as outcome measures and were compared between JIA patients and healthy controls. The initial search comprised 15 studies with a total of 1537 individuals. The meta-analysis showed the parameters of OHI-S (MD = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04-0.19, p = 0.002), PI (MD = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.67-2.50, p < 0.00001), GI (MD = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.17-0.82, p = 0.003), CAL (MD = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.01-0.43, p = 0.04), and PD (MD = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.08-2.77, p = 0.04) in JIA patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. All of the included studies were of high quality. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed a possible association between JIA and periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is recommended to continuously pay attention to the periodontal health of JIA patients and fully explore the underlying mechanism.

Clinical and oral microbiome pattern of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis.

Halitosis is caused by a bacterial proteolytic process that induces the production of volatile sulfur compounds, odor-causing gases. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical oral hygiene state and oral microbiome pattern of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis. The oral hygiene state of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis was assessed using the oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S), decay missing filled teeth (DMFT), and tongue biofilm. The dorsum of the tongue and subgingival swabs were cultured for bacteria, and bacterial morphology was evaluated using Gram staining. Evaluation of the bacterial genus using the Bergey's systematic bacteriology diagram as a guide. A total of ten patients with periodontitis and gingivitis were included. Our data indicated that the scores of OHI-S and DMFT were different significantly between halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis (both had p<0.001) while tongue biofilm score was not different between groups. On the dorsum of the tongue, periodontitis patients had a significant higher oral microbiome population (85.65x106 CFU/mL) compared to those with gingivitis (0.047x106 CFU/mL) with p=0.002. In contrast, the number of microbiomes in the subgingival had no significant different between periodontitis and gingivitis. On the dorsum of the tongue, six bacterial genera were isolated from periodontitis cases and seven genera were detected from gingivitis patients. On subgingival, 10 and 15 genera were identified from periodontitis and gingivitis, respectively. Fusobacterium, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium and Lactobacillus were the most prevalent among periodontitis cases while Porphyromonas was the most prevalent in gingivitis patients. In conclusion, although OHI-S and DMFT are different between periodontitis and gingivitis, overlapping of bacterial genera was detected between periodontitis and gingivitis cases.

Effect of Oral Health and Toothbrushing Performance on Halitosis among People with Intellectual Disabilities

Background: Halitosis is considered unpleasant in social settings, including among family members and close friends. The level of halitosis acts as a negative factor in personal relationships and social activities and causes psychological and emotional problems such as discouragement by affecting isolation, and a sense of pride. We aimed to analyze the factors affecting halitosis, focusing on oral health and toothbrushing performance of people with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Study participants were 20 people with intellectual disabilities residing in a residential care facility. We assessed halitosis level using a 6-point Likert scale. We assessed oral pain using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Debris and calculus level was assessed with the simplified oral hygiene index. The assessment of toothbrushing performance level performed using the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index; performance time was measured with a stopwatch. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between the level of halitosis and calculus (+), and toothbrushing performance level (−). As a result of casual relationship analysis, toothbrushing performance (−) was the only effect factor influencing halitosis level. Conclusions: To manage the halitosis level of people with intellectual disabilities, education and training for toothbrushing performance, as well as comprehensive assessment of performance are needed. Also, active interventions and approaches should be used to teach and maintain performance as a habit.

School dental health education on oral hygiene status in Brazilian Quilombolas: a prospective study

ABSTRACT We evaluated a school dental health education on the oral hygiene status in Quilombolas of the Brazilian Amazon. This is a prospective study. We included schoolchildren aged from 5 to 12 years and carried out an oral health education program for 4 months, totaling eight workshops held in the community school that provided physical structure and material resources for their development. We evaluated oral hygiene before and after the intervention period through clinical examination with the instrument Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) is the combination of bacterial plaque indices. Before the intervention, all schoolchildren were instructed to use the plaque-revealing tablet after unsupervised toothbrushing and before any oral hygiene guidance given by the dentist who conducted the playful workshops on the premises of the school. Quantitative variables (OHI-S and age) with normal distribution (p > 0.05, Shapiro-Wilk test) are presented as means and standard deviations. Those with non-normal distribution (p < 0.05, Shapiro-Wilk test) are presented as medians and 25–75 percentiles. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for within-group comparisons. We observed a significant difference in the mean scores of the oral hygiene index simplified (p < 0.001) before and after the intervention and 56.25% of the participants improved their oral hygiene condition. The results of this study provide evidence to support the importance of personalized educational initiatives to promote oral health in marginalized groups. However, it is important to recognize the limitations of the study, such as the relatively small sample size and the lack of a control group, which may require further investigation in future research.

Efficacy Evaluation of Combination Therapy in Patients with Generalized Periodontitis According to the Index Estimation of Periodontal Status: Experimental Randomized Single-Arm Study

Background. Treatment and prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases represent a serious general medical and social problem, which remains relevant due to the significant prevalence of periodontitis among the population, as well as the associated loss of teeth and the negative impact of periodontal foci of infection on the body as a whole. Chronic generalized periodontitis is difficult to treat: it is only possible to achieve periods of remission. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical importance to develop further ways to improve methods for treating inflammatory-dystrophic damage of periodontal tissues in chronic generalized periodontitis.Objective. To perform an index estimation of treatment efficacy in patients with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis.Methods. An experimental randomized single-arm study was conducted examining 204 patients diagnosed with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Patient examination and data analysis were carried out at the Dentistry Department of the Stavropol State Medical University and the Department for General Practice Dentistry of the Kuban State Medical University in 2021–2022. The study included patients aged 35 to 65 years diagnosed with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Patients with somatic diseases in the decompensation stage were not eligible for the study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (closed-envelope method). Group 1 was treated using conventional methods. As well as conventional therapy, Group 2 was prescribed vitamin D (Aquadetrim® at a dose of 5000 IU once per day while monitoring vitamin D blood level). The third group of patients was prescribed conventional therapy along with the developed pharmacotherapy, which included vitamin D (Aquadetrim® at a dose of 5000 IU once per day), vitamin A (3.44% oil solution of retinol acetate at a dose of 50 000 IU, 15 min after a morning meal), and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (Mexidol® at a dose of 125 mg twice a day). In each patient, the treatment efficacy was analyzed in adjacent oral cavity segments (split-mouth design) according to clinical pocket depth, attachment loss, and bleeding on probing. Also, the authors used the X-ray index to assess the condition of osseous structures and the simplified oral hygiene index. The specified indices were estimated prior to treatment and at one and 12 months following treatment. The statistical analysis of study results was performed using Excel Microsoft Office 2016 (Microsoft, USA).Results. The obtained data indicate that the immediate clinical outcomes (after one month) of combination therapy in patients from all three groups were approximately the same. However, the efficacy of treatment measures in the long-term period (12 months) was different, as evidenced by the dynamics of index values. Only in Group 3 patients, the full implementation of pharmacotherapeutic measures as part of the combination therapy of periodontitis ensured a stable therapeutic effect throughout the entire period of observation.Conclusion. The data obtained 12 months following treatment indicate that the additional prescription of the developed pharmacotherapy contributed to prompt inflammation relief in periodontal tissues, providing a stable treatment outcome and long-term remission.

Changes in Interleukin-1β, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin-10 Cytokines in Older People with Periodontitis.

Aging can change the ability to respond to various stimuli and physical conditions. A decreased immune response is a form of deterioration of function in older people, who then become more vulnerable when exposed to pathogens. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues that often occurs in older people. This study aimed to clinically analyze the periodontal status and cytokine levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in older people and adults with periodontitis. This clinical study examined 20 persons in a group of older people and 20 persons in a group of adults. The clinical measurements of periodontal status included the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Plaque Index (PlI), and Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI). The cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were quantified by using ELISA kits. The OHI-S, PlI, and PBI were found to be higher in the older group. The mean values of cytokines were higher in the older group than in adults, although no statistically significant differences were found. A strong correlation was found between the clinical measurements and the cytokine levels in the GCF. There was an increasing tendency of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the older group compared to the adult group.

Possible Risk Factors for Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Who Suffered Traumatic Dental Injury.

Children who undergo painful experiences such as traumatic dental injury (TDI) during their early years are more likely to be at an increased risk of developing dental fear and anxiety (DFA). The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors for DFA of these children. The study participants were 220 parents/caregivers and their children who experienced TDI. Their socio-demographic backgrounds were investigated with the modified WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for Children that included questions about parents' knowledge and attitudes, while the DFA level was determined using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S Index) was used to assess oral hygiene status. The confirmed risk factors are parental knowledge, female gender, and degree of oral hygiene and pain in the last three months, while age, type of TDI, presence of soft-tissue injury, and number of subjective complaints were not confirmed. The overall model predicted approximately 54% of variance in DFA, R2 = 0.545, F (4.215) = 64.28 p < 0.001. These findings emphasise the importance of addressing pain management, improving oral hygiene, and enhancing parental knowledge to mitigate DFA in children with TDIs.

Preliminary Report on the Efficacy of Music Therapy to Optimize the Compliance of Rett Syndrome Patients Attending Oral Hygiene Procedures

Background: Individuals with intellectual developmental disability (IDD) often face barriers in accessing dental care. The main aim of the present study was to test the feasibility and the outcome of oral hygiene (OH) procedures in Rett syndrome (RS) patients, and a secondary aim was to test the utility of music therapy during dental hygiene procedures. Methods: A case group (Group 1) of female patients with RS (stage 3 of disease, age &gt; 5 years and &lt;18 years) and a control group of age-matched healthy females (Group 0) were formed, and subgroups received the intervention of oral hygiene combined with a music therapy (Subgroup 1M and Subgroup 0M) or standard oral hygiene (subgroup 1W and subgroup 0W). The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) was used to assess the effectiveness of oral hygiene measures. Results: The OHI-S at T0 was 1.41 in Group 1 and 2.58 in Group 0 (p value &lt; 0.001). The mean duration of the oral hygiene treatment was 7018″ (SD 3272″) in Group 1 and 873″ (SD 161″) in Group 0 (p value &lt; 0.001). The mean duration of OH was significantly higher in Subgroup 1M and Subgroup 0M. Discussion: Based on the results of our case-control study, OH procedures can be successfully performed in RS patients with good compliance and efficacy. In addition, our study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that music therapy may be a useful adjunct, as it appears to improve patient cooperation.

Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDiabetes Mellitus and periodontitis are chronic diseases with known reciprocal association. Studies have shown that uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of development and progression of periodontal disease. This study aimed to explore the association and severity of periodontal clinical parameters and oral hygiene with HbA1c levels in non-diabetics and T2DM patients.Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, the periodontal status of 144 participants, categorized into non-diabetics, controlled T2DM, and uncontrolled T2DM and were assessed via the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Loss of Attachment Index (LOA index), and the number of missing teeth, while oral hygiene was measured by utilizing the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). SPSS was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to find out the association of different independent variables with HbA1c groups, while ANOVA and post-hoc tests were run for inter-group and intra-group comparison respectively.ResultsOut of 144 participants, the missing dentition was prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM with mean 2.64 ± 1.97 (95% CI 2.07–3.21; p = 0.01) followed by controlled T2DM 1.70 ± 1.79 (95% CI 1.18–2.23; p = 0.01) and non-diabetics 1.35 ± 1.63 (95% CI 0.88–1.82; p = 0.01) respectively. Furthermore, non-diabetics had a higher proportion of CPI score 0 (Healthy) [30 (20.8%); p = 0.001] as compared to uncontrolled T2DM [6 (4.2%); p = 0.001], while CPI score 3 was more prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM in comparison to non-diabetics. Loss of attachment (codes-2,3 and 4) was also frequently observed in uncontrolled T2DM compared to non-diabetics (p = 0.001). Similarly, based on Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified (OHI-S), the result showed that poor oral hygiene was most commonly observed in uncontrolled T2DM 29 (20.1%) followed by controlled T2DM patients 22 (15.3%) and non-diabetic [14 (9.7%); p = 0.03].ConclusionThis study showed that periodontal status and oral hygiene status were deteriorated in uncontrolled T2DM patients compared to non-diabetic participants and controlled T2DM.

Health Profile of Periodontal Tissue of Pregnant Women in The Agromedical Dental Community in Jember District

Background: Periodontal disease is a disease found worldwide and the prevalence of periodontal disease is around 75% in Jember Regency in pregnant women. Periodontal disease during pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight. Therefore, it is crucial to study the ways of maintaining oral hygiene in pregnant women to prevent periodontal disease in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the health profile of the periodontal tissue of pregnant women in the dental agromedical community in the Jember Regency. Methods: This research is a descriptive observational survey-based study. The study population was pregnant women(n=50) in the 1st-3rd trimester, aged 20-30 years, and were having a pregnancy checkup at the MCH polyclinic of the Integrated Service Post in the Coastal area (Puger area) and the Plantation area (Renteng area). Gingival status was examined using the Gingival Index (GI), periodontal health status using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (CPITN), and oral hygiene status using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Results: The research results showed that the average CPITN was 2.20 in the plantation area and 2.12 in the coastal area which showed the presence of calculus and no presence of pockets. A score of 3 indicates that the gingiva has a sulcus depth of 4-5 mm and in this case, there was no presence of a pocket but edema in the gingiva was found. Conclusion: This study concluded that pregnant women in the coastal area had mild gingivitis and calculus with no presence of pockets in the plantation area.

Plaque removal efficacy of a new toothbrush with a double-sided head and rotating handle—a pilot randomized control trial in acquired brain injury patients

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of a new toothbrush (Balene) for the mechanical removal of dental plaque in patients with acquired brain injury.Material and methodsThe study group consisted of 25 adults with acquired brain injury. The participants underwent 2 sessions of toothbrushing lasting 1 min, one with a conventional toothbrush and the other with the Balene toothbrush. This new double-headed toothbrush has 6 active sides, which allows for the simultaneous toothbrushing of both alveolar arches, with elastomer bristles angled at 45°, as well a handle that rotates up to 180°. Therefore, the user does not need to remove the toothbrush from the oral cavity during the toothbrushing process. Dental plaque accumulation was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index of Greene and Vermillion.ResultsThe plaque index was significantly reduced both with the Balene toothbrush (p < 0.001) and with the conventional toothbrush (p < 0.001). The dental plaque removal efficacy was similar with the two toothbrushes. There were also no statistically significant differences in the removal of plaque with the Balene toothbrush between the autonomous and assisted toothbrushing modalities (p = 0.345).ConclusionsFor patients with acquired brain injury, the Balene toothbrush was as effective as a conventional toothbrush, regardless of whether the toothbrushing modality was autonomous or assisted.Clinical relevanceThe Balene® toothbrush’s efficacy in removing dental plaque is similar to that of conventional toothbrushes, both with the autonomous and assisted toothbrushing modality. Given its particular ergonomics, this toothbrush could be indicated for certain select patients with acquired brain injury (i.e., those whose degree of cooperation allows for toothbrushing, with a sufficient mouth opening, with no substantial abnormalities in the intermaxillary relationship, and with no significant edentulous sections).

Relationship between the changes in plaque microbiota and the oral hygiene status during supervised toothbrushing in 6-year-old children

Relevance. Poor oral hygiene leads to plaque formation, where the number of opportunistic and acid-producing microorganisms can exceed the permissible values, and true pathogens may colonize the oral cavity. Mixed dentition is one of the critical periods in dentoalveolar system development. Thus, oral hygiene control in children is the main factor for dental disease prevention.Material and methods. Dental students of the Kirov State Medical University examined twenty 6-year-old children from kindergarten #35 in Kirov. The group brushed their teeth after lunch, initially supervised by students and then by a kindergarten teacher. The simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) score (Green, Vermillion, 1964) helped to assess oral hygiene status. The microbiological testing determined the total microbial count and periodontal pathogens by real-time PCR.Results. The first examination of children showed their oral hygiene level was poor before the supervised brushing. The total microbial count slightly exceeded the reference values. The hygiene index improved by 30% after two months of supervised brushing. The total microbial count decreased significantly (by 89%).Conclusion. Supervised toothbrushing in 6-year-old children for two months positively affects the hygiene and microbiological condition of the oral cavity, helps to reduce the plaque quantity and to change the microbial composition of the dental plaque, and, accordingly, lowers the caries risk and its complications in the future.

Oral Hygiene Status in Special Needs Children

Aim: Analyze the oral health and challenges faced by children with special needs and to educate them about the benefits and ways of maintaining good oral hygiene. Material and Methods: 100 participants with special needs were divided into two groups: intellectually disabled and physically disabled. Oral examination was done and clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), Oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) and organoleptic assessment was done. Parents / guardians were asked to answer a questionnaire addressing different aspects of the children oral health and challenges faced for maintaining good oral hygiene. Data regarding the factors that could impair toothbrushing were also collected, including the patient’s ability to rinse his / her mouth, capacity to open the mouth and keep it open during toothbrushing. Results: According to this study, the OHI-S mean value and halitosis score of physically disabled group is less than intellectually disabled group. Conclusion: Even though efforts have been made to improve the oral health of these less fortunate children, there has been a shortfall of government policies. So, to improve the general and oral health of such special child’s specific steps must be taken to provide medical facilities and spreading awareness about importance of maintaining good oral hygiene.

Oral hygiene status among 5 to 15-year-old children stomatology National Hospital in Kabul city

: The practice of oral hygiene needs to be strengthened during adolescence, a time when there is a significant change in habits, leading to an increase in the prevalence of tooth decay associated with less frequent brushing. The propose of the study is to determine the oral hygiene status in 5-15-year-old children, the lack of the previous data in this field is one the reasons for conducting this research so that we can provide accurate statistics data in Afghanistan.: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between 5-15-year-old in 431 children of stomatology national hospital of Kabul city. Sample size was selected randomly from both gender group which were 161 males and 270 females. Oral hygiene status was assessed by using simplified-oral hygiene index. Gingival index (loe and silness, 1963) was used for assessing gingival status. dmf and DMF for decayed, missed and filled teeth in primary and permanent dentition used to assess the prevalence of dental caries. Statistical analysis done by SPSS .20.21.2% of children had good oral hygiene status, 65.2% fair oral hygiene and 13.6% had poor oral hygiene. The mean OHI-S was 2.4±1.19. There is no Statistical significant difference between gender and oral hygiene status (p&amp;#60;0.05). The prevalence of dental caries was 80.9%. Boys mean dmf was 4.15±3.03 and it was in girls 3.05±2.67, that shows higher prevalence of dental caries in boys than girls. Overall mean of dmf scores was 3.48±2.86. 173 (40.9%) had normal gums. 31.6% of children not brush their teeth, 37.4% brush once in a day.: Oral hygiene status was fair in more than half of the sample size. High prevalence of dental caries seen in males. Dental caries is a major public health problem and an active and effective dental care prevention program for children is needed.

Factors associated with oral health status in individuals with Asperger syndrome – A cross-sectional study

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate oral health and factors that may influence it in individuals with Asperger’s syndrome. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was divided into two stages: a question- naire and an oral examination, using the decayed-missing-filled index, the gingival index, and the simplified oral hygiene index. Data were analyzed using SPSS® software (version 26.0), considering a significance level of 0.05. After verifying the non-normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: The investigation included 23 adults with Asperger syndrome. A decayed-miss- ing-filled index of 2.65(±2.81), a gingival index of 1.06(±0.36) and a simplified oral hygiene index of 2.08(±0.73) were found. Most respondents (60.8%) brushed their teeth twice a day. Individuals with higher brushing frequency and those who recently had an oral appointment had lower calculus deposits (p=0.038 and p=0.021, respectively). Conclusions: The individuals had a low dental caries prevalence, mild gingival inflammation, and a fair oral hygiene status. Although there are factors capable of influencing the oral health of these individuals, good results can be obtained if adequate oral hygiene habits are maintained, namely brushing twice a day.

Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia/acute myelocytic leukemia: A cross-sectional study.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, used to treat childhood hematological malignancies (acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL] and acute myelocytic leukemia [AML]) can negatively affect oral tissues and organs. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life in children with ALL/AML. A total of 99 children, including 49 undergoing ALL/AML (41 with ALL and eight with AML) and 50 healthy volunteers, were included in this cross-sectional study. The mean age of the entire study group was 78.63 ± 34.41 months. The mean age of the ALL/AML and control groups was 87.12 ± 35.04 and 70.95 ± 34.85 months, respectively. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI), the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT/dmft) index, and the Turkish version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS-T) were administered to all children. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0). The Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare demographic data. The age and gender distributions of the two groups were similar. According to ECOHIS-T, the children in the ALL/AML group had significantly more loss of function (eating, drinking, sleeping, etc.) than those in the control group. Oral health and self-care were negatively affected by childhood ALL/AML and its treatment.

State of Dental Health and Management Needs of Young Hemophilic Patients: A Case-control Study.

In particular, when it comes to systemic diseases like hemophilia, good dental health is crucial to a person's overall health and wellness. Through the means of this study, we aim to assess the prevalence of various dental anomalies in children suffering from hemophilia in comparison to healthy children and assess their treatment needs. This was a descriptive, case-control study with 400 subjects, 200 each in the study (hemophilic) and control (nonhemophilic) groups. The subjects' ages ranged from 5 to 15 years. Utilizing the oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), the state of oral hygiene was documented (OHI-S). Using decaying extracted filled tooth (DEFT) and decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) for the primary and permanent dentition, respectively, teeth afflicted by dental caries and teeth restored/extracted as a result of dental caries were assessed. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 27.0) was used for statistical analysis. Hemophilic people had a considerably greater incidence of dental caries. Furthermore, even though their DMFT/DEFT and OHI-S scores were barely poorer than those of healthy people, children with hemophilia had a significantly larger percentage of dental treatment needs across all age categories than the other group. The percentage of hemophilic children who needed dental treatment across different age groups was significantly higher than the other group, which supports our observations that the dental health status of hemophilic children was poor and treatment requirement was high among them as well. This is true even though the DMFT/DEFT scores and OHI-S scores in hemophilic children were only slightly worse than in healthy individuals. Sharma S, Shahi AK, Chandra S, et al. State of Dental Health and Management needs of Young Hemophilic Patients: A Case-control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):380-387.

Evaluation of periodontal status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome versus healthy women: a cross-sectional study.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 4% to 12% of females of reproductive age. Previous studies have shown an association between systemic and periodontal diseases. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of periodontal disease in women with PCOS and healthy women. A total of 196 women aged 17 to 45 years were included in this study. Oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), community periodontal index (CPI), and loss of attachment (LA) were assessed. Individuals who smoked, were pregnant, had any systemic disease (such as type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, osteoporosis, and thyroid dysfunction), had a history of systemic antibiotic use in the past three months, or received any periodontal intervention in the past 6 months of screening were excluded. Student t-test was used to analyze the data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Despite similar OHI-S scores (p=0.972) in the two groups, women with PCOS had significantly higher GI, CPI, and LA scores than healthy women (p<0.001). Periodontal disease was more prevalent in women with PCOS than in healthy women. This finding may be due to the synergistic effects of PCOS and periodontitis on proinflammatory cytokines. PCOS may have an effect on periodontal disease, and vice versa. Hence, education on periodontal health and early detection and intervention for periodontal diseases is of paramount importance in patients with PCOS.

Oral Health Status in relation to Salivary Antimicrobial Peptide in Pregnant Women

Background: Oral health is a mirror of general health. During pregnancy, oral health is affected by changes in saliva and oral hygiene measures which may lead to more dental caries. Objective: Assess oral health status in relation to salivary antimicrobial peptides in pregnant women. Subjects and Method: This cross sectional study was carried out in different primary health care centers in Rusafa sectors/ Baghdad city. The total sample included was 80 women (their age range from 21-30). The study group consisted of 40 pregnant women: half of them were in the first trimester and others were in third trimester, while the control group included 40 non-pregnant married females. Dental Plaque was recorded according to simplified oral hygiene index. Dental caries were diagnosed by using WHO (2013) criteria. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected. Chemical analysis of salivary samples was performed for the detection of human β-Defensin 2. Results: The current study revealed that dental caries experiences (decayed surfaces(DS), missed surfaces (MS) and decayed, missing, filled surfaces(DMFS)) were higher among pregnant than non-pregnant females especially in the third trimester, add percentage with no significant differences, while filled surfaces (FS) were higher in the control group with also no significant difference. Regarding plaque index, results revealed that pregnant women had higher plaque index than non-pregnant women, with significant higher per-centage (53.3%) in the third trimester, P value = 0.027. The salivary human β-Defensin 2 was higher among the pregnant group in the third trimester with statistically no significant difference. Conclusion: More plaque accumulation during pregnancy may explain the higher preva-lence of dental caries as the dental plaque considered to be the chief contributing factor in dental caries.