Simplified Chinese Research Articles

Political biases and inconsistencies in bilingual GPT models—the cases of the U.S. and China

The growing popularity of ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) has led to many studies investigating their susceptibility to mistakes and biases. However, most studies have focused on models trained exclusively on English texts. This is one of the first studies that investigates cross-language political biases and inconsistencies in LLMs, specifically GPT models. Using two languages, English and simplified Chinese, we asked GPT the same questions about political issues in the United States (U.S.) and China. We found that the bilingual models’ political knowledge and attitude were significantly more inconsistent regarding political issues in China than those in the U.S. The Chinese model was the least negative toward China’s problems, whereas the English model was the most critical of China. This disparity cannot be explained by GPT model robustness. Instead, it suggests that political factors such as censorship and geopolitical tensions may have influenced LLM performance. Moreover, both the Chinese and English models tended to be less critical of the issues of their “own country,” represented by the language used, than of the issues of “the other country.” This suggests that multilingual GPT models could develop an “in-group bias” based on their training language. We discuss the implications of our findings for information transmission in an increasingly divided world.

The relationship between square dance exercise and quality of life in middle-aged and older adults: chain mediated effects of negative emotions and attitudes toward aging.

With the continuous development of society and the economy, population aging has become an inevitable global development trend, triggering a series of social problems and having a more serious impact on the physical and mental health of middle-aged and older adults. Physical exercise is one of the key factors for improving the overall health and quality of life of individuals, but the role of square dance exercise and the quality of life of middle-aged and older adults have not yet been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the associations between square dance exercise and the quality of life of middle-aged and older adults and its mechanism of action, including its effects on physical health and mental health, with negative emotions and attitudes towards aging as mediating variables. This study adopted a cross-sectional research method, using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale in Simplified Chinese (DASS-21), Attitudes toward Aging Questionnaire (AAQ), and 12-item Short Form of the Health Survey (SF-12), and launched an online survey on the QuestionStar platform from August-September 2023 for 4,636 middle and older adults aged 45-74 years. The survey results were analyzed via Pearson correlation analysis via SPSS 27.0 and structural equation modeling analysis via Mplus 8.3 to test the model fit and mediation effects. Square dance exercise was significantly correlated with negative emotions, attitudes towards aging, and quality of life (r = -0.042-0.878, p < 0.01). Square dance exercise significantly and positively predicted quality of life (β = 0. 202, p < 0.001). Negative emotions and attitudes towards aging are chain mediators of square dance exercise and quality of life, and the mediation consists of three pathways: separate mediation of negative emotions, separate mediation of attitudes towards aging, and chain mediation of negative emotions-attitudes towards aging. This study is dedicated to deepening the scientific role of how square dancing, as a health-promoting activity, can optimize the quality of life of middle-aged and older adults through the mediating mechanism of negative emotion alleviation and positive attitudes towards aging and then optimize the quality of life of middle-aged and older adults. This process not only enriches the theoretical framework of the complex interactions between psychosocial factors and healthy aging but also provides a solid empirical foundation for the development of health intervention strategies aimed at enhancing the overall well-being and quality of life of the middle-aged and older adults.

Validity and Reliability of a Simplified Chinese Version of Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Scale (CaSUN).

To translate Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs scale (CaSUN) into Simplified Chinese, and to assess the validity and reliability of this translated version among Chinese cancer survivors. Following the cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, the original CaSUN scale was translated from English into Simplified Chinese. To enhance the readability and comprehension of each item, a pilot study involving 40 cancer patients was carried out. Subsequently, 324 cancer survivors participating in follow-up appointments at a cancer hospital in Beijing, China completed the Simplified Chinese version of the CaSUN. The scale's validity was assessed through factor analysis. Indices including Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square to degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df), comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) were employed for construct validity. Average variance extracted (AVE) of each category reflected the convergent validity. Reliability was confirmed with both Cronbach's α and Guttman split-half coefficient. Factor analysis suggested that a three-level hierarchical structure of the CaSUN with four first-order factors, nine second-order factors and all the 35 items assessing unmet need could fit our data well (χ2/df=2.833, CFI=0.902, RMSEA=0.076, SRMR=0.066), indicating sufficient construct validity for this model. For convergent validity, AVE of each second-order category were greater than 0.5. Regarding reliability, Cronbach's α of the 35 items was 0.968, and the Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.984. Both of these coefficients were higher than 0.8. The present Simplified Chinese version of CaSUN had good cultural adaptability, appropriate validity and reliability for assessing unmet needs in different cancer survivor groups in Chinese mainland. This Simplified Chinese version of CaSUN can assist health professionals in addressing individual survivor needs and bridge the gap between patients' experiences and their expectations, thereby improving the quality of cancer survivorship care.

A comparative analysis of supportive care service needs in patients with pancreas versus other gastrointestinal cancers.

272 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer death and presents with advanced incurable disease approximately 75% of the time, contributing to the lowest survival rate and worst multidimensional quality of life (QOL) compared to other adult solid tumors. Standardized screening for early integration of interdisciplinary care (IDC) services, advance care planning, and utilization of electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) for improved QOL and symptom management are recommended, yet the literature is lacking in rigorously-conducted PDAC needs assessments, an important prerequisite to care model design. Methods: Between September 12, 2023 and May 7, 2024, 525 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies were sent a Supportive Care Questionnaire (SCQ), an ePRO survey assessing multi-dimensional IDC needs prior to first visit at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center in the Pacific Northwest. The SCQ includes validated surveys and a total of 12 domains chosen by the IDC service responsible for management of the given need(s), who also set trigger thresholds for referral to the IDC service. Rates of positive screens for each service were compared by cancer type (PDAC, Colorectal [CRC], gastroesophageal [GE]). Results: 340 (65%) SCQs were completed (57% via MyChart, 43% in person) similarly across disease groups; with an average of 10 mins to complete. Respondents were 49% female/59% male (Race: White (76.5%), Asian (10%), Black/African-American (4.5%), Other/Unknown (9%)/Ethnicity Non-Hispanic (90%, Hispanic 7.6%), Other/Declined/Unknown 2.4%), with primary language spoken being English (92%), Spanish (3.5%), simplified Chinese (1.5%) and Other (2.5%). Table 1 shows – by GI cancer type –the total number of responses and the proportion of patients who screened positive for one or more IDC services. Conclusions: Patients with PDAC had the greatest need for IDC services with most frequent positive screens indicating need for nutrition, social work, palliative care and patient navigation services when surveyed in our institution-wide program of SC screening for all new GI cancer patients. Results will inform further development of IDC services in PDAC and other GI cancers, including via staff prediction modeling. The SCQ is also being considered for SC screening and management across the Canopy Cancer Collective, a nationwide learning health network of pancreas cancer programs. PDAC CRC GE Surveyed 187 237 101 Completed 122 (65%) 153 (65%) 65 (64%) Positive Screen 68 (56%) 70 (46%) 26 (40%)

Psychometric properties of the farsi version of the international trauma questionnaire -child and adolescent version (ITQ-CA) in a sample of iranian children and adolescents exposed to trauma

BackgroundThe International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA) is a self-report measure for post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), corresponding to the diagnostic criteria in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). While in the meantime the original English version of the ITQ-CA is available in different languages such as traditional and simplified Chinese, German, or Spanish, the Farsi was missing so far. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA) in a sample of Iranian children and adolescents objectively exposed to a traumatic event. MethodA total of 130 participants completed the Farsi form of the ITQ-CA and the Farsi Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) for comparison. For the psychometric evaluation, we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and bivariate correlations. ResultsThe Farsi version of ITQ-CA self-report form yielded scores with robust reliability (internal consistency ranging from 0.83 to 0.91, and the Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) varied from 0.74 to 0.92 with moderate, good, and excellent results) and adequate convergent validity (correlations with the CATS ranging from 0.49 to 0.77). CFA supported ICD-11 CPTSD symptom structure as a two-factor higher order model with PTSD. We found that the two-factor model fit the data better than the other measurement models (χ2/df = 43.492/37=1.175, RMSEA = 0.038, CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.989, SRMR = 0.04.( ConclusionThe Farsi version of the ITQ-CA showed very good and satisfactory psychometric properties. As such, the Farsi ITQ-CA appears to be a valid and reliable self-rating measure to assess PTSD and DSO in Farsi-speaking children and adolescents exposed to traumas.

International players’ perceptions of localization in their gameplay experiences

Abstract Game localization is the complex industrial process of adapting digital games linguistically, culturally and technically, seeking to deliver a gameplay experience as close as possible to that of the original. Guided by Livingston’s (2018) Review Analysis methodology combined with thematic analysis, we tap into user reviews of the Taiwanese game Detention (Red Candle Games 2017) in Simplified Chinese, English and Japanese, to gauge and compare player experiences in relation to localization, and explore the scope of review data for player-focused game localization research. Our qualitative analysis implicates culturalization as an impactful underlying factor in shaping the gameplay experience, for which translation issues remain opaque. As long as certain limitations are acknowledged, real-world data such as Steam user reviews provide an alternative source that is high in ecological validity, offering promising scope for future player-focused game localization research towards enriching the international dimension of Games User Research.

Validation of the personal suicide stigma questionnaire among adolescents with suicide attempts in mainland China.

The study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the personal suicide stigma questionnaire (PSSQ) into simplified Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties among adolescents who have attempted suicide in mainland China. Following Brislin's translation model and using purposive sampling, we surveyed 440 adolescents who had attempted suicide at Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province, China. Content validity was determined by a panel of experts, and the construct validity of the scale was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Reliability analysis was evaluated using Cronbach's α coefficient, test-retest reliability, and half-split reliability. The Chinese version of the PSSQ consists of three dimensions and 14 items. After two rounds of expert consultation, the item-content validity index for all items exceeded 0.70, and the scale-content validity index exceeded 0.90. EFA extracted three factors and retained all 14 items. The CFA indicators demonstrated a good fit. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.880, the half-split reliability was 0.681, and the test-retest reliability was 0.862. It is evident that the PSSQ and its subscales demonstrate stable structural validity and good internal consistency in measuring self-stigma among individuals with suicidal tendencies, indicating that the PSSQ is a reliable tool for assessing the degree of personal stigma in Chinese adolescents who have attempted suicide. This study ensured the linguistic and cultural appropriateness of the Chinese version of the PSSQ through cross-cultural adaptation and validation of its reliability and validity, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of assessing personal stigma among Chinese adolescents who have attempted suicide. The validation of the Chinese version of the scale not only enriches the research tools available for studying personal stigma related to suicide in mainland China, but also provides a reliable quantitative tool for future research on the psychological states of individuals who have attempted suicide, the impact of stigma, and the effectiveness of interventions.

The associations between social support and mental health among Chinese immigrant pregnant and parenting women

BackgroundWhile it is recognized that social support can alleviate mental health symptoms, this relationship is not well-understood among Chinese pregnant and parenting immigrants in the United States. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the relationships between different types of social support and women’s anxiety and depression, and examining how these associations vary with pregnancy status.MethodsData were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Simplified Chinese or Mandarin between March-June 2021 among 526 women who were pregnant and/or parenting a child under five years. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support scales were used to measure anxiety, depression, and social support levels. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlations were employed for analysis. Hierarchical regression was conducted to investigate the main and interaction effects of social support types and pregnancy status on mental health outcomes.ResultsCompared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women reported higher mean scores for anxiety (non-pregnant: 55, pregnant: 59, p < 0.01) and depression (non-pregnant: 54, pregnant: 56, p = 0.02). Instrumental support displayed a significant main effect in relation to anxiety (β=-0.13, p = 0.01) and depression (β=-0.16, p < 0.01); emotional support exhibited a significant main effect solely on depression (β=-0.13, p = 0.01). Notably, the interaction effects between pregnancy status and both instrumental (β=-0.28, p = 0.01) and emotional support (β=-0.42, p < 0.01) were significant for anxiety. In contrast, informational support did not exhibit a significant impact on either anxiety or depression.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that tailoring support to the cultural context is crucial, especially for pregnant women in this Chinese immigrant community, with instrumental and emotional support being particularly beneficial in mitigating maternal anxiety.

Analysis of asymmetric VR games – Steam platform case study

The paper presents research on the topic of asymmetric virtual reality (VR) games. These types of applications are in the development phase when it comes to their presence on the market, range, amount, and popularity. This research discusses the original topic, as it is still a niche compared to video games and even to VR applications on the market. The article presents a quantitative analysis of asymmetric VR applications available in the international market. One of the popular gaming platforms, Steam, was chosen as a subject for the case study in this investigation. The objectives of the conducted research include, first, a quantitative analysis and presentation of up-to-date data on asymmetric VR games available on Steam; then, providing and systematizing new knowledge about the asymmetric VR term, identifying the nature of asymmetric VR games, and finally, recognition of the current situation and the latest trends within the concept of asymmetric VR. Based on the results, it was concluded that the dominating genre of asymmetric VR was action (49.4 %), indie (46.0 %) and casual (45.4 %), followed by simulation (37.4 %). Most of the games were available in English (96.6 %), and far behind English, there were French and German languages (30.5 %), and then Spanish – Spain (28.2 %), Russian (27 %), Japanese (25.9 %), simplified Chinese (25.3 %) and others. The analysis of user re-views on Steam that asymmetric VR receive favorable feedback, with ‘very positive’ as the most prevalent label, representing 35.0 % of analyzed games. Notably, only four games achieved the ‘overwhelmingly positive’ label, including ‘Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes’ in the basic version and in the version with soundtrack (97 % positive reviews), ‘Rock Life: The Rock Simulator’ (95 % positive reviews), and ‘IronWolf VR’ (95 % positive reviews). Last but not least, the paper describes the features of the analyzed asymmetric VR application. The results of the research make a contribution to the field and provide new knowledge on the following: the new subarea of VR, the nature of asymmetric VR (author's concept), human behavior and interaction in asymmetric virtual gameplay, and communication in asymmetric VR.

What Are the Points of Concern for Players about VR Games: An Empirical Study based on User Reviews in Different Languages

In recent years, the boom of Virtual Reality (VR) technology has signaled fruitful applications in various fields, such as education, industry, animation, entertainment, game, and so forth. The global VR games market is projected to grow to $53.44 billion in 2028 at a CAGR of 31.4% in the 2021-2028 period. Therefore, what players care about most about VR games is a topic worthy of research. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth study of 1362 VR games and 484070 reviews on the Steam platform. Unlike other literature focusing only on monolingual reviews (such as English), we apply the topic clustering model (BERTopic) to comprehensively analyze multilingual user reviews, including English, Simplified Chinese, and French. We find that the three features people praise the most are the music, the gaming experience, and the gameplay. Meanwhile, gamers’ most common complaints are bug issues, insufficient content, and excessive pricing.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) for Chinese populations in Australia

SummaryThe increased prevalence of osteoporosis among Chinese-speaking communities in Australia deemed it necessary to have a culturally appropriate tool for assessing knowledge. This study describes the cultural adaption of the validated Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT). The adapted tool is readable and understandable for diverse Chinese-speaking communities.PurposeWith an expected increasing prevalence of osteoporosis among Chinese-speaking communities in Australia, a cross-culturally adapted questionnaire is necessary to assess knowledge levels among the group. We aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) questionnaire for Chinese-speaking populations in Australia.MethodsCross-cultural adaptation guidelines were employed to culturally adapt the OKAT to simplified Chinese. This involved translation, revision, retroversion, and expert discussion before finalizing the Chinese version of OKAT. The participants were recruited through convenience sampling from a cohort of Chinese-speaking populations who attended a bone health promotion program. The adapted questionnaire was piloted with Chinese-speaking communities in the Greater Western Sydney area for face and content validity. The adapted questionnaire was compared with the original version for response agreement using Cohen’s kappa goodness of fit. The face validity of the adapted tool was analysed through a binary scale rating for readability and understandability.ResultsThe cross-culturally adapted version of OKAT has a 71.8% total response agreement with the original version of OKAT. The cross-culturally adapted OKAT yielded higher total scores than the translated version. The cross-culturally adapted tool had a good face and content validity.ConclusionThe cross-culturally adapted version of OKAT improves the overall readability and understandability of the questionnaire among Chinese-speaking populations in Australia.

Psychometric validation of the short version of the Information Needs in Cardiac Rehabilitation scale through a first global assessment.

Tailored education is recommended for cardiac patients, yet little is known about information needs in areas of the world where it is most needed. This study aims to assess (i) the measurement properties of the Information Needs in Cardiac Rehabilitation short version (INCR-S) scale and (ii) patient's information needs globally. In this cross-sectional study, English, simplified Chinese, Portuguese, or Korean versions of the INCR-S were administered to in- or out-patients via Qualtrics (January 2022-November 2023). Members of the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation community facilitated recruitment. Importance and knowledge sufficiency of 36 items were rated. Links to evidence-based lay education were provided where warranted. A total of 1601 patients from 19 middle- and high-income countries across the world participated. Structural validity was supported upon factor analysis, with five subscales extracted: symptom response/medication, heart diseases/diagnostic tests/treatments, exercise and return-to-life roles/programmes to support, risk factors, and healthy eating/psychosocial management. Cronbach's alpha was 0.97. Construct validity was supported through significantly higher knowledge sufficiency ratings for all items and information importance ratings for all subscales in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) enrolees vs. non-enrolees (all P < 0.001). All items were rated as very important-particularly regarding cardiac events, nutrition, exercise benefits, medications, symptom response, risk factor control, and CR-but more so in high-income countries in the Americas and Western Pacific. Knowledge sufficiency ranged from 30.0 to 67.4%, varying by region and income class. Ratings were highest for medications and lowest for support groups, resistance training, and alternative medicine. Identification of information needs using the valid and reliable INCR-S can inform educational approaches to optimize patients' health outcomes across the globe.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the MBI-SS questionnaire for Chinese art students

The 16-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) was translated into simplified Chinese (MBI-SS-C) and tested for reliability and validity among Chinese art college students. A sample of 437 students from a Beijing art college was analyzed. The MBI-SS-C with 16 items shows relatively poor psychological measurement characteristics for items 2 and 7. The remaining 14 items showed good validity and reliability after being removed. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structural validity of the 14-item MBI-SS-C. The Cronbach alpha for the MBI-SS-C was 0.854, with the three subscales having Cronbach alpha of 0.898, 0.890 and 0.902. The 14-item MBI-SS-C has a moderate correlation with general self-efficacy (GSE) and high concurrent validity. The 14-item MBI-SS-C is a reliable tool for evaluating burnout in Chinese art college students and is simple and effective.

Translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric validation of the Provider Attitudes toward Cardiac Rehabilitation and Referral (PACRR-C) Scale in Simplified Chinese.

The Provider Attitudes toward CR and Referral (PACRR) scale was translated into Simplified Chinese and psychometric validation ensued. Brislin's Translation Model was applied, with two independent forward translations followed by back-translation. Experts assessed the face, content and cross-cultural validity of items, and item analysis followed. For validation, 227 physicians from hospitals in 14 Chinese provinces completed the PACRR-C. Structural validity was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal and split-half reliability were assessed. Some items were rephrased and one item was deleted. The content validity index for the total scale was 0.965. The correlation coefficients between the 18 items and the total scale ranged between 0.28 and 0.76. Consistent with the English version, four factors were extracted (Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.671-0.959) through the factor analysis, accounting for 71.21% of the total variance. Split-half reliability was 0.945. The greatest factors impacting physician's CR attitudes were inconvenience of the referral process (3.93 ± 0.65/5); lack of standard referral forms (3.92 ± 0.66), perceiving referral as the responsibility of another clinician (3.89 ± 0.67), and need for support in completing the referral form (3.89 ± 0.64). The reliability, as well as content, face, cross-cultural, and structural validity of the 18-item, 4-subscale PACRR-C, were supported.

Validating the Teacher Version of Pediatric Symptom Checklist–17 in Chinese Elementary Schools

Before adopting a scale for a new culture, researchers should conduct systematic translation procedures and evaluations to ensure its psychometric quality. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist–17 (PSC-17) is a brief and valid scale developed by American researchers to evaluate children’s emotional, attentional, and behavioral problems. This study aimed to adapt the PSC-17 to a Chinese version for use in elementary school settings. In this process, 74 teachers rated 666 students using the PSC-17. These students were also assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and additional questions (e.g., teachers’ referral status and demographic information). The scale was successfully translated into simplified Chinese using a standard procedure. Factor analysis supported a general factor model for the PSC-17. Furthermore, decent criterion validity and internal consistency were verified. Finally, a cut-off score of 17 was established, slightly higher than the original cut-off score of 15. We concluded that the PSC-17 is a high-quality screening tool in Chinese elementary schools. The findings are particularly relevant to researchers investigating children’s emotional, attentional, and behavioral development within the Chinese cultural context.

A Domain Knowledge Transformer Model for Occupation Profiling

Occupation profiling is a subtask of authorship profiling that is broadly defined as an analysis of individuals’ writing styles. Although the problem has been widely explored, no previous studies have attempted to identify Chinese classical poetry. Inspired by Trudgill’s seminal work on stylistic variation as a function of occupation, we present a novel Domain-Knowledge Transformer model to predict a poet’s occupation through their poems’ writing styles. Different from other Indo-European languages, Chinese has rarely used characters and two types of writing forms: traditional Chinese and simplified Chinese. To tackle these problems, we use the language-related component to standardize our input. We also use alphabetization to satisfy the restrictions on rhyming rules and tonal styles. As a special literal form, traditional domain knowledge, for example, named entities, themes, ages and the official career path, is valuable for poet occupation profiling. However, due to the lack of appropriate annotation datasets, it is difficult to recognize these features. Therefore, we proposed the domain knowledge component employing the latent Dirichletal location model to capture the extra theme information and establish named entity dictionaries to recognize the named entity of the datasets in this study. Finally, in the deep learning component, we combine Transformer with a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to perform occupation profiling. The experimental results suggest that our model is effective in this task. Moreover, the results demonstrate an account of other social attribution features of poetry style that are predictive of occupation in this domain.

Hong Kong Corpus of Chinese Sentence and Passage Reading

Recent years have witnessed a mushrooming of reading corpora that have been built by means of eye tracking. This article showcases the Hong Kong Corpus of Chinese Sentence and Passage Reading (HKC for brevity), featured by a natural reading of logographic scripts and unspaced words. It releases 28 eye-movement measures of 98 native speakers reading simplified Chinese in two scenarios: 300 one-line single sentences and 7 multiline passages of 5,250 and 4,967 word tokens, respectively. To verify its validity and reusability, we carried out (generalised) linear mixed-effects modelling on the capacity of visual complexity, word frequency, and reading scenario to predict eye-movement measures. The outcomes manifest significant impacts of these typical (sub)lexical factors on eye movements, replicating previous findings and giving novel ones. The HKC provides a valuable resource for exploring eye movement control; the study contrasts the different scenarios of single-sentence and passage reading in hopes of shedding new light on both the universal nature of reading and the unique characteristics of Chinese reading.

Chinese caregivers’ experiences in an iSupport intervention program in Australia and China

Objective:Around 95% of Chinese with dementia in Australia and China reside at home and are cared for by family members. The World Health Organization (WHO) iSupport program has been translated into simplified and traditional Chinese and culturally adapted to the Chinese populations in Australia, Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. The objective of this study was to explore family caregivers’ experience in a 6-month randomized controlled trial of a facilitator-enabled iSupport intervention program that includes the utilization of the online iSupport and peer support activities.Methods:A qualitative descriptive design was applied to address the study objective. Caregivers’ interactions with peers and program facilitators in monthly online meetings were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for data analysis. Facilitators were required to document their support for caregivers in their monthly portfolios and submit for data analysis. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected from online caregiver meetings and facilitator portfolios.Results:Five main themes were identified from data. First, caregivers were able to follow the group learning goal to complete their monthly learning activities using the online iSupport. They were also capable of selecting additional learning units from iSupport to meet their individual learning needs. Second, caregivers perceived that iSupport enabled them to change their responses to changed behaviours their care recipients had by which they reduced the sources of stressor in their daily care. Third, caregivers were willing and felt safe to share their stressors and seek help from peers and facilitators in group meetings. Fourth, caregivers demonstrated their enthusiasm to help their peers reduce their stressors and social isolation by searching and sharing various electronic resources via Wechat or Whatsapp platform throughout the trial. In addition, facilitators were able to assess caregivers’ learning needs and link them with relevant care services and resources accordingly.Conclusion:Facilitator-enabled iSupport intervention in our study demonstrated advantages of engaging caregivers in learning iSupport, applying knowledge into daily care activities, sharing experiences with and supporting other caregivers.

Exploring the Virtual Linguistic Landscape of Chinese University Websites: A Focus on Internationalization and Multilingualism

This study explores the Virtual Linguistic Landscape (VLL) in Chinese higher education, emphasizing the strong government focus on internationalization. It investigates the language choices of the top 100 Chinese university websites and their information functions. Findings reveal that the majority (87%) of these websites are bilingual, using simplified/traditional Chinese and English. Additionally, 7% take a multilingual approach, employing simplified Chinese, English, and other foreign languages. A minority (6%) sticks to monolingualism. These websites disseminate various information categories, including general university details, admissions, academic units, research, campus life, international collaborations, academics, training, and talent recruitment. Notably, some websites feature information specific to the Chinese Communist Party and cultural aspects. The prevalence of English content demonstrates top Chinese universities’ efforts to engage with the global community and enhance their international reputation. These findings add more understanding of multilingualism and the roles of English in cyberspace such as websites.

"Be honest and gain trust": a population health study to understand the factors associated with building trust in local government related to COVID-19 and vaccination in three historically disinvested neighborhoods in New York City.

Distrust in government among people of color is a response to generations of systemic racism that have produced preventable health inequities. Higher levels of trust in government are associated with better adherence to government guidelines and policies during emergencies, but factors associated with trust and potential actions to increase trust in local government are not well understood. The COVID-19 Community Recovery study sampled participants from the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's NYC Health Panel, a probability-based survey panel who complete health surveys periodically. Participants who lived in one of three historically disinvested communities in NYC where the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has dedicated resources to reduce health inequities were included. The cross-sectional survey was fielded from September 30 to November 4, 2021 and could be self-administered online or conducted via CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) in English, Spanish, and Simplified Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese by phone). Demographic data were summarized by descriptive statistics. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors predictive of trust in local government as a source of information about COVID-19 vaccines. Open-ended responses about strengthening residents' trust in local government were coded using an iteratively generated codebook. In total, 46% of respondents indicated NYC local government was a trusted source of information about COVID-19 vaccines, relatively high compared to other sources. In bivariate analyses, race/ethnicity, age group, educational attainment, length of time living in NYC, and household income were significantly associated with identifying NYC government as a trusted source of information about COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable logistic regression, no variables remained significant predictors of selecting local government as a trusted source of information. Key recommendations for local government agencies to build residents' trust include communicating clearly and honestly, addressing socioeconomic challenges, and enhancing public COVID-19 protection measures. Study findings demonstrate that nearly half of residents in three historically divested NYC communities consider local government to be a trusted source of information about COVID-19 vaccines. Strategies to increase trust in local government can help reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and protect public health.