Simple Logic Research Articles

Programming the microcontroller in the real-time clock circuit when modeling the system in «Proteus»

A variant of programming the microcontroller and modeling the system in the «Proteus» RTC (Real Time Clock) circuit, together with LED matrices, is proposed. The practical significance of the work is the study of the simplest logic circuits in the AVR assembler language, for instance, a shift register, a decoder, a LED matrix, a real-time clock circuit and a seven-bit indicator, both individually and in a full-fledged system. This work can be used for teaching students and for laboratory work in distance learning.

Object-Level Reasoning with Logics Encoded in HOL Light

We present a generic framework that facilitates object level reasoning with logics that are encoded within the Higher Order Logic theorem proving environment of HOL Light. This involves proving statements in any logic using intuitive forward and backward chaining in a sequent calculus style. It is made possible by automated machinery that take care of the necessary structural reasoning and term matching automatically. Our framework can also handle type theoretic correspondences of proofs, effectively allowing the type checking and construction of computational processes via proof. We demonstrate our implementation using a simple propositional logic and its Curry-Howard correspondence to the lambda-calculus, and argue its use with linear logic and its various correspondences to session types.

Optical memories and switching dynamics of counterpropagating light states in microresonators.

The Kerr nonlinearity can be a key enabler for many digital photonic circuits as it allows access to bistable states needed for all-optical memories and switches. A common technique is to use the Kerr shift to control the resonance frequency of a resonator and use it as a bistable, optically-tunable filter. However, this approach works only in a narrow power and frequency range or requires the use of an auxiliary laser. An alternative approach is to use the asymmetric bistability between counterpropagating light states resulting from the interplay between self- and cross-phase modulation, which allows light to enter a ring resonator in just one direction. Logical high and low states can be represented and stored as the direction of circulation of light, and controlled by modulating the input power. Here we study the switching speed, operating laser frequency and power range, and contrast ratio of such a device. We reach a bitrate of 2 Mbps in our proof-of-principle device over an optical frequency range of 1 GHz and an operating power range covering more than one order of magnitude. We also calculate that integrated photonic circuits could exhibit bitrates of the order of Gbps, paving the way for the realization of robust and simple all-optical memories, switches, routers and logic gates that can operate at a single laser frequency with no additional electrical power.

ADTLang: a programming language approach to attack defense trees

The Attack Defense Tree framework was developed to facilitate abstract reasoning about security issues of complex systems. As such, a zoo of techniques and extensions have emerged in an attempt to extend the simple Boolean logic of Attack Defense Trees with behavioral properties and quantities. In this paper we expand the modeling power of Attack Defense Trees by introducing a notion of temporal dependencies between attacks, forcing specific ordering of event in successful attacks. Importantly, we introduce a notion of policy for the defender, facilitating a pseudo-active defender, mechanically reacting to the choices of an attacker. To easen the use of Attack Defense Trees we introduce a domain specific language (DSL) and an accompanying tool. The introduction of the DSL facilitates reuse, modularity, collaborative tree construction and separation of logical properties and quantitative/behavioral elements. The usefulness of our framework is exhibited on a small running example, utilizing the policy-notion to implement a reactive Break The Glass policy. We note that all the implemented analysis techniques use well established tools from the formal methods community to produce the given results, relying on non-trivial and automatic translation to and from the target formalisms. Lastly we present our Open Source prototype-tool, capable of conducting various analysis and visualizing the results.

Dual-channel responsive fluorescent sensor for the logic-controlled detection and bioimaging of Zn2+ and Hg2+

The fluorescence sensing of specific cationic species is necessary and crucial due to their numerous potential effects on living organisms and the environment. In the present investigation, an efficient dual-channel responsive novel probe based rhodamine 6G condensed isophorone moiety (RHI) was designed and synthesized for sensitive, rapid and specific sensing of metal ions. RHI enabled selective and quick recognition of Zn2+ and/or Hg2+ in the presence of other tested metal ions in EtOH/H2O (8/2, v/v). It demonstrated remarkable red for Zn2+ or yellow emission enhancement for Hg2+ and good photochromism. Addition of S2− to a solution of RHI-M2+ reversed the process, followed by quenching emission, enabling reversible use of RHI. It was able to detect the levels of Zn2+ and Hg2+ within the limit of detection of 82.2 nM and 1.13 μM, respectively. Measurements of mineral and tap water samples prove the potential of the probe RHI for the detection of Zn2+ and Hg2+ ions in environmental aqueous samples. Dual-channel fluorescence response of RHI for Zn2+ and Hg2+ ensured a chance to apply them for build simple or complex molecular logic circuits. Moreover, it could easily visualize Zn2+ or Hg2+ in DDL-1 cells in bioimaging experiments.

Exploring, Building, Completing: Context and Craft

AbstractAmin Taha is Chairman of London architectural office Groupwork and is no stranger to architectural controversy. The practice's buildings are often highly original and predicated on a thorough historical, contextual and collaborative research approach that goes far beyond the simple binary logics of ill‐conceived planning dogma. New design protocols are developed for each project and these evolve organically as the scheme progresses.

Digital Multiphase PWM Integrated Module Generated from a Single Synchronization Source

This article introduces a new architecture for a high-resolution digital pulsewidth modulator (HR-DPWM), which generates multiple output phases, all synchronized and derived out of a single reference source. Constructed through digital standard-cell delay chain and simple combinatorial logic, the module produces PWM signals with configurable on-time, period and time-delay (between phases) with resolution of a single delay element. To minimize the statistical error spread (e.g., jitter error) between phases, a single delay-line is utilized to generate a master time-base while combinatorial logic assigns per-phase independent duty-ratio settings. The resultant module minimizes the time-diversity error between phases, as any uncertainty in the on-time generation is identical between phases. The solution is compact, flexible and scales with the number of phases. Since the entire architecture is realized through standard cells, the solution also scales with fabrication technology and is described by HDL, which translates onto hardware using automated process. The HR-DPWM module has been designed and fabricated on a 0.18 μm 5 V CMOS process, totaling 0.08 mm2 of effective silicon area. Experimental results of a four phase 13-bit HR-DPWM are provided, demonstrating high accuracy and linearity characteristics with time resolution of 200 ps and excellent matching and tracking between all phases.

Community Standards: A Suggestion for New Scholarship

Community Standards:A Suggestion for New Scholarship Jonathan Morse (bio) Until recently, there seemed to be no need to say that a knowledge of Irish Catholic idiom is fundamental to reading the language of Joyce. It was obvious. The educational norms governing the growth of Stephen's mind are those of the church and its Ireland, but so too are the norms of respectability in "The Boarding House," where going to Mass matters in the same indexical way as keeping the lace curtains white.1 From the moment the first notation was scribbled in a margin the night before class some time in the twentieth century, teachers have always taught Catholic meanings when they called attention to words like "High Toast" and "inefficacious" in "The Sisters" or "Epps's massproduct, the creature cocoa" in "Ithaca" (D 12).2 The callings to attention were not just supplements to the pedagogy but incidents in the continuing history of Joyce's native culture. But the value system underlying that culture commands a different kind of assent now than it did in Joyce's time. When words of moral reproof were spoken about Ireland on 26 May 2018, it probably means something for the teaching of Joyce that they were not uttered in church. They came instead from a different institution, The New York Times, and they began, "Ireland Votes to End Abortion Ban."3 Then they said, "In Rebuke to Catholic Conservatism." It was as if Catholic Ireland could no longer explain itself to itself in its inherited language and was in need of another. The article in the Times explained: The vote [which was decided by an unexpectedly huge margin] followed months of soul-searching in a country where the legacy of the Catholic Church remains powerful. It was the latest, and harshest, in a string of rejections of the church's authority in recent years. The church lost much of its credibility in the wake of scandals involving pedophile priests and thousands of unwed mothers who were placed into servitude in so-called Magdalene laundries or mental asylums as recently as the mid-1990s. The church was, in fact, largely absent from the referendum campaign. Anti-abortion campaigners actively discouraged its participation, [End Page 369] preferring to emphasize moral values and human rights rather than religion, possibly to avoid being tarnished by the church-related scandals. That silencing of religion in the pulpit has left a diminution of echoes in the nave. The church words that once filled the air of Joyce's Ireland are heard less distinctly now. Said the article: "The church's influence in referendums has been eclipsed over the past decade. In 1983, when the Eighth Amendment [forbidding abortion] was voted in, 80 percent to 90 percent of Irish citizens attended weekly Masses. . . . Today, that figure is down to 20 percent to 30 percent." Simple mathematical logic teaches us that the Irish culture that gave Joyce to the world is changing, and the pedagogy of Joyce will be changing with it in its cultural matrix. At the time Joyce was writing his lexicography of "Grace," for instance, the men at Mr. Kernan's bedside could voice their collective Catholic assent in unison because they thought in unison. In their Dublin, a non-Catholic idea was almost a contradiction in terms. But (says the math) there is no unison in the vocabulary now. When Mr. M'Coy says, "[T]hat's the thorax," he means, "That's the pharynx" (D 159), but everybody in the room has a sympathetic understanding of his mistake, whether or not they know it is a mistake, because everybody has been more or less in Mr. M'Coy's situation: living hand to mouth culturally as well as financially, filching words spelled with an X from the coroner just as he filches his friends' suitcases. Listening through the bedroom door, readers of Joyce have always, up to now, been able to find an invisibly ironic position to eavesdrop from because only they possessed such cultural collateral as a definition of "thorax." Now, though, Mr. M'Coy's descendants in a decolonized Ireland have won a knowledge of words like "thorax" for themselves—and...

Alpha-emitting nanoparticles and the Warburg Effect, skin diseases, eating disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, alcoholism, cigarette, hypersexuality and neurofibromatosis type 1

Alpha emitting nanoparticulates in internal contamination, an IARC Class 1 carcinogen, have an extremely wide list of effects. New effects are here demonstrated based on a wide epidemiological survey. WHO data in particular is used together with other large sets and juxtaposed to known sources of variations of radioactivity contamination in the environment to demonstrate the link which is always explained by the strong decay energy and its impact on the organism. Some behaviours are shown to be strategies of pain reduction, others of decontamination. This article confirms the simple logic of biophysics (the linear-no-threshold model) outlined by the author in previous publications.

Literature Study of Understanding the Physical Concepts of Straight Motion Materials Using the Gasing Method

Not all physics concepts must be understood and mastered by deriving formulas through differential or integral techniques. Mechanics, for example, can be understood with simple logic without formulas, variables, and numbers. The fun method, or known as the GASING method, is a science learning method that has been offered by Yohanes Surya since 1996. This method offers fun learning activities for students. This research is a literature review of several books and research articles related to learning physics science using top methods. It turns out that with the spinning method, the concepts of velocity and acceleration in straight motion material can be understood easily and can solve some physics problems about straight motion without complicated physics formulas. All these physics problems are solved by simple logic and expressed in words.

THE USE OF PACEMAKER DIAGNOSTICS FOR SUPPORTING THE ANTICOAGULATION TREATMENT MANAGEMENT

In this work, the analysis of data on atrial fibrillation (AF) burden from dual chamber pacemakers is used for supporting the anticoagulation treatment management. The aim is to evaluate the benefit of basic diagnostic functions to support oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. These patients have increased risk of thromboembolism. If patients have an implanted pacemaker, the device’s diagnostic features monitor the frequency and duration of atrial fibrillation episodes. This data can then be used for further decisions. Statistical data processing was performed on a group of 117 patients with an implanted dual chamber pacemaker. From these results, we evaluated the benefits of the algorithms. In the whole group, a trend was observed in increase of the AF burden between the two monitored periods. The increase of AF burden occurred in 17 patients, while the decrease occurred in 6 patients only. Using simple logic functions, the numbers of patients with different binary values of the presence of AF, the presence of oral anticoagulation therapy, the risk CHA2DS2-VASc score and the values of AF burden were determined. Thus, in the whole group of patients, the diagnostic functions of the implanted devices contributed to the change in oral anticoagulation therapy for 24% of patients.

The Axiology and Symbolism of the Motif System in Novgorod Bylinas

This article carries out an axiological analysis of Novgorod bylinas about Sadko and Vasily Buslayev, which leads the author to interpret epic motifs as a semantic unity that help reveal the hero’s motives, his actions, and their consequences. The borders of the motif as part of the plot are determined by the hero’s central values and his resulting (and, as a rule, altered) state. The elements of the epic motif are studied through the prism of the character’s evaluations, as well as those of the epic bard and the listener. As a result, the author develops a principle of value classification for bylina motifs. The motifs of the Russian epic are also divided depending on whether they make part of parallel constructions with other motifs of the same type, and according to the presence of an opposition in the form of an antipode motif. The author reveals the function of the motif in bylina plots which, according to the author, the bard could easily keep in his memory, as it is connected with simple causal logic and is based on the hero’s motives and moral state (pride, lechery, greed, etc.). Targeting a traditional audience, the bard could combine, rearrange, and contaminate motifs, creating a unique version of the song for a particular spiritual and therapeutic purpose of communication. The author concludes that micro-topics, termed “epic motifs” by adherents of the structural and semantic approach, have a “semantics”, but this meaning is not enough for the bard to realise and remember the functional effect of the motif, i. e. the correcting effect produced on the listener.

A lightweight epistemic logic and its application to planning

We study multiagent epistemic planning with a simple epistemic logic whose language is a restriction of that of standard epistemic logic. Its formulas are boolean combinations of observability atoms: sequences of ‘knowing whether’ operators followed by propositional variables. This compares favourably with other restricted languages where formulas are boolean combinations of epistemic literals: sequences of ‘knowing that’ epistemic operators and negations followed by propositional variables; or in other terms: epistemic formulas without conjunctions or disjunctions. The reason is that our language enables a richer theory of mind: we can express statements such as “I don't know whether p, but I know that you know whether p” which are important in communication and more generally in interaction and which cannot be expressed with epistemic literals. Going beyond previous work, we also introduce a ‘common knowledge whether’ operator. We show that satisfiability is nevertheless NP-complete. We then define simple epistemic planning tasks as generalisations of classical planning tasks: action descriptions have sets of observability atoms as add- and delete-lists, initial states are sets of observability atoms, and goals are boolean combinations of observability atoms. We show that simple epistemic planning tasks can be polynomially translated into classical planning tasks. It follows that checking solvability of simple epistemic planning tasks is PSpace-complete. We present some application examples such as the gossip problem and some experimental results and clarify the relationship with Dynamic Epistemic Logic-based planning.

Autobiographical Peculiarities in James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

This paper traces the autobiographical elements in James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) is rich with literary techniques. Joyce experiments with the structure of the kunstleroman (the novel of or about the artist), conveying the narrative through the perspective of the growing artist, literally from infancy to adulthood. His syntactical and grammatical style maps both the development of the mind and abilities of the young artist, beginning with the fragmented and simple style and associative logic of a child, and moving to the complex logic and subtle perception of a sensitive and artistic young man. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the autobiographical structure of the novel. Thus, the very structure of Joyce’s novel is noteworthy: He portrays Stephen’s growth to manhood through key episodes of his youth. In part, in order to cover so much of his youth, Joyce tells Stephen’s story in episodes, focusing on the most formative events or moments in Stephen’s life. Thus, these textual insights will be revealed as the autobiographical aspects of the novel.

Transformation of the Interface: Future Human-Building Interactions

Binalar, dünyadaki toplam enerji kullanımının yaklaşık %40'ından sorumludur ve bu oran, araştırmacıları yapı sistemlerinin işletilmesi ve kullanılması için yeni yollar üzerinde çalışmaya iten ciddi çevresel kaygılara yol açmaktadır. Akıllı binaların birçok yenilikçi özelliğe sahip son teknoloji ürünleriyle donatılı olacağı değerlendirildiğinde, akıllı binaların insanlarla arasındaki etkileşimlerin geleneksel binalardan farklı olacağı öngörülmektedir. Uzun yıllar boyunca, basit mantık ve fiziksel ara yüzleriyle kullanıcıya karşı neredeyse tamamen şeffaf olan temel bina bileşenleri, bina sakinlerine sıcaklık, aydınlatma ve hava kalitesi dâhil olmak üzere iç mekân çevre koşullarını düzenlemek için gelişmiş fırsatlar sağlamıştır. Bununla birlikte, binaların yakın gelecekte alandaki gelişmelerle birlikte daha fazla otomasyon, akıllı uygulamalar ve yapay zekâyı bünyesine katması beklendiğinden, geleneksel bina ile etkileşim modalitelerinin değişime tabi olacağı ve insanların yapılarla etkileşiminde radikal bir geçiş olacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu araştırma insan-bina etkileşimlerindeki mevcut durumu incelemeyi ve bu alandaki gelişmelere atıfta bulunarak gelecekteki olası değişimlerin ana hatlarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Http://hjournal.ru/en/journals/journal-of-economic-regulation/2020/248-no-4/2144-enterprises-and-ecosystems-features-relational-analysis.html

In this note I describe simple logic behind COVID-19 mass testing, which explains why any underlying policy is economically unsubstantiated. The application of basic probability theory shows that unless the testing accuracy is close to a hundred percent, even a small number of false positives introduces significant bias into random tests making them extremely unreliable, which is further aggravated by the presence of false negatives. For example, at 5% false positive rate, for a random person living in the USA without any symptoms or previous contact with infected people, the likelihood of actually having COVID-19 after testing positive is only 32.63%. This probability increases with lower false positive rates and higher infection rates. Still, at 3% false positive rate, a randomly selected person only in 12 states will have a probability higher than 50% (up to 56%) of having COVID-19 after testing positive. Assuming independence of tests, in some states (e.g. Vermont) a person who has no reason to suspect the disease may need to test a dozen times to make sure that he/she is actually sick.

Neural Synaptic Plasticity-Inspired Computing: A High Computing Efficient Deep Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in classification, natural language processing (NLP), and regression tasks. However, there is still a great gap between DCNNs and the human brain in terms of computation efficiency. Inspired by neural synaptic plasticity and stochastic computing (SC), we propose neural synaptic plasticity-inspired computing (NSPC) to simulate the human brain’s neural network activity for inference tasks with simple logic gates. The multiplication and accumulation (MAC) is transformed by the wire connectivity in NSPC, which only requires bundles of wires and small width adders. To this end, the NSPC imitates the structure of neural synaptic plasticity from a circuit wires connection perspective. Furthermore, from the principle of NSPC, we use a data mapping method to convert the convolution operations to matrix multiplications. Based on the methodology of NSPC, fully-pipelined and low latency architecture is designed. The proposed NSPC accelerator exhibits high hardware efficiency while maintaining a comparable network accuracy level. The NSPC based DCNN accelerator (NSPC-CNN) processes DCNN at $1.5625M$ images/ $s$ with a power dissipation of $15.42~W$ and an area of $36.4~mm^{2}$ . The NSPC based deep neural network (DNN) accelerator (NSPC-DNN) that implements three fully connected layers DNN consumes only $6.6~mm^{2}$ area and $2.93~W$ power, and achieves a throughput of $400M$ images/ $s$ . Compared with conventional fixed-point implementations, the NSPC-CNN achieves $2.77 \times $ area efficiency, $2.25 \times $ power efficiency; the proposed NSPC-DNN exhibits $2.31 \times $ area efficiency and $2.09 \times $ power efficiency.

Fairness in Resource Distribution: Relationship between Children’s Moral Reasoning and Logical Reasoning

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study is to examine children’s moral reasoning and logical reasoning processes and the relationship between these two mechanisms. In the present study the focus is on the relationship between the factors such as fair sharing, equality, merit, ownership, opportunity in the resource allocation and logical reasoning among the children aged 5-7. Methods: In this study, which aims to examine how the logical thinking skills differ according to the children’s moral reasoning process, a survey design approach was used. Participants were 92 children aged 5 (female N=13, male N=14) and aged 6 (female N=17, male N=18), aged 7 (female N=17, male N=13). The data collected from the moral and logical reasoning tasks were analyzed in two steps. At the first step the answers of the participants were scored. At the second step their justifications were categorized. To test out hypotheses we used two general linear models to examine the age effects of Age (5-7 years) and Reasoning (equality, ownership, merit, opportunity) on children’s evaluations of the vignette characters’ actions. Age-related changes in children’s evaluation and their logical reasoning skills related to initial distribution and transfer status were analyzed by the variance analysis. Results: Based on the findings of the study it can be stated that the children in the age group of 6-7 evaluated negatively the reward distribution based on the outcomes due to their concerns about the inequality in the opportunities and the violation of the principle of equality. The findings of the study indicate that there is no significant difference in children’s logical thinking skills depending on their age. As a result of the study, it is found that although there is no direct relationship between the moral and logical reasoning processes of children, the children who can reject the AC type inference predominantly emphasize the principle of equality. Although there is no significant relationship between moral reasoning and logical reasoning processes, it can be said that children with higher levels of logical reasoning much more frequently emphasize the principle of equality in moral reasoning process. Discussion: Research indicates that children aged around 5 consider the reward distribution based on the outcomes fair. Older children, on the other hand, evaluate the inequalities in resource distribution as unfair. These findings support the results of the study suggesting that older children consider inequal source distribution both at the first case and at the transfer cases unfair. The children’s approval or disapproval of the transfer varies based on their reasoning processes. They support transfer if they emphasize the principle of equality, but they do not support it if their focus is on the principle of ownership. Older children are found to have a commitment to the principle of equality, and the difference between the 5-year age group and the 6-7-year age group is remarkable in this regard. Similar findings are reported in the previous studies, and it is generally stated that younger children are more selfish and that the tendency to distribute resources equally becomes dominant due to the increase in the age of children. Although there is no significant relationship between moral reasoning and logical reasoning processes, it can be said that children with higher levels of logical reasoning emphasize the principle of equality in moral reasoning process much more frequently. Conclusion: Cognitivists argue that cognition and particularly reasoning have significant roles in making moral decisions. It suggests that children whose logical thinking skills are higher than others understand the necessity of equality to ensure fairness. The basic information on logic should be taught and introduced to the children from an early age. In addition, children should be ensured to use these methods through connections with both daily life and other courses at schools. It is thought that having basic logic knowledge by children will affect positively their cognitive, affective and social development. In order to examine this effect, a logic program including simple logic rules and basic inference types should be developed and the effects of such programs on the cognitive, affective and social development of children should be examined.

An Empirical Framework to Investigate the Impact of Bug Fixing on Internal Quality Attributes

Software testing is the process of fixing bugs by changing the design of the software or simple logic of the software. Researchers have proposed many tools and methods using machine learning techniques to assist practitioners in decision making and automating software engineering tasks. These tools help to find the faulty classes at the starting phase of the software development life cycle. After finding faulty classes using these tools, testers used different techniques to find and fix these faults. The early identification of the faults or bugs fixing process helps to improves the quality of software and reduces the cost required to fix these faults or bugs. The primary objective of this work is to understand whether faults present in code elements are indicators of problems in the design of the software or not. This work investigates the impact of bug fixing operation on four popular internal quality attributes such as complexity, cohesion, inheritance, and coupling. The above investigation has been validated using thirteen different projects. Furthermore, we have also investigated the possibility of prediction models for predicting changes in internal quality attributes. These prediction models are trained using five different classifiers on balance data as well as original data and validated using fivefold cross-validation. The experimental results show that the predictive power of models using LSSVM with the polynomial kernel is better as compared to other techniques. The experimental results also show that the bugs are present in the class having at least one critical attribute in more than 80% of cases. Furthermore, the consistent value of AUC reveals that the prediction of changes in the internal quality attribute is possible using source code metrics.

ALD-Based Synthesis of Wafer-Scale Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Towards Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics Applications

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS2 and WS2 have been widely studied due to their unique physical and electronic properties even at one atomic layer thickness. Since the first report on the MoS2 field-effect transistor (FET) device [1], great efforts have been made in the past decade to extend the intriguing features of TMDs to practical applications. However, such integration has been severely bottlenecked by the lack of effective approaches to achieve wafer-scale, uniform, crystalline and stoichiometric TMD films.Till now, it is still prevalent to fabricate TMD-based electronic devices using mechanical exfoliation methods. Although single-crystal flakes with least defects can be obtained, the size, thickness and location of the exfoliated TMD flakes are largely uncontrollable, making it unsuitable for large-scale device integration and massive production. So far, various synthetic approaches have been proposed to grow large-area TMD thin films. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-based method is one of the major routines to synthesize high-quality monolayer and few-layer TMD flakes [2-4]. For example, in typical CVD processes to grow MoS2, the films can be achieved either by the reduction reaction between the S and MoO3 source powders or by sulfurizing the Mo (or MoOx) films pre-deposited by using physical vapor deposition. However, the nucleation sites in the CVD process are uncontrollable which may lead to the vertical stacking of the MoS2 flakes in triangle shape deteriorating the crystalline properties of the film. On the other hand, the pre-deposited Mo or MoOx film by using e-beam evaporation or sputtering usually suffer from rough surface morphology and unsatisfactory film uniformity which further limit the homogeneity of the large-scale film and device integration.Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a surface-controlled film fabrication and can provide a possible route towards the synthesis of TMD thin films since the ALD approach follows the layer-by-layer deposition mechanism [5,6]. As compared to the conventional CVD method, ALD can enable precise thickness control on atomic scale and excellent film uniformity as well as good stoichiometry and crystallinity with proper annealing steps. In this work, we employed the ALD-based synthesis method to grow wafer-scale MoS2 and WS2 thin films. Non-toxic MoCl5, WCl5 and hexamethyldisilathiane (HMDST) precursors have been used which are different and superior to those used in previous work. Film characterizations have confirmed the wafer-level uniformity, crystallinity and stoichiometry of the synthesized films. Homogeneous electrical behaviors have also been obtained from the fabricated FET device arrays. In addition, optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors and simple logic gates such as n-type inverter arrays have been demonstrated using the wafer-scale MoS2 FET arrays. Furthermore, we have used the substitutional doping in the ALD process to achieve controllable p-type doping of MoS2 films, which can provide solid basis for the complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit applications. This work shows that the ALD-based synthesis of the 2D TMD thin films is an attractive approach and has provided a promising platform to further push forward the circuit and system level applications of the TMD materials.