Simple Time Research Articles

Simple Timing Device Increases Reliability of Recording Telemetric Activity Data

Many wildlife biologists still rely on strip-chart recorders for collecting telemetry information in the field, and modifications that improve the reliability of recording telemetric data and reduce the time required to analyze these data are needed(...) We describe a simple timer circuit that can be added readily to existing chart recorder systems to designate time on the chart tape.The frequency and duration of timing marks are completely adjustable

Simpler times.

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Spectral Estimation from Time Series Models with Relevance to the Southern Oscillation

Abstract The theoretical spectra of certain parametric time series models with relevance to the Southern Oscillation (SO) are determined and compared with those based on a frequency-domain approach. Consistent spectral estimates are found for the two models selected in our earlier studies of the SO. All these results yield larger power at low frequencies and a dominant peak around 3–4 yr. Some reasons are offered for the slightly different behavior of the spectra as derived from the time-domain and frequency-domain approaches. For the sake of comparison, the spectra of other simpler time series models are also calculated. While larger power is found at low frequencies, no spectral peak exists in these simpler models. Some implications of the quasi-periodic behavior found in the more complex models (i.e., an intermediate peak in the spectrum) are discussed in the context of the persistence and forecasting of the SO.

The Social Responsibility of the Christian Church and the Question of 'Alternative Investment'

In simpler times, investing in the church community was easy. The treasurer made as much money as possible from the investments. He then handed it over to the mission side of the church, which did good with it. Eventually it was realized that the investor must bear some responsibility for the conduct of its investment. This concern led to 'ethical investing', in which the investor attempted to restrict its investments to those entities whose conduct could be approved. Recently, doubts have been raised as to whether it is sufficient to keep the church's investment income 'clean'. Or is it necessary, in order to satisfy Christ's commands, to employ the church's capital in projects that will benefit directly the poor and the disadvantaged? This approach is called 'alternative investing'.

Rapid data acquisition from a microtiter plate fluorescence reader and applications in kinetic measurements

Programs written in Applesoft BASIC for the rapid acquisition and evaluation of data from a commercially available microtiter plate fluorescence reader are presented. Using the data acquisition program, the relative fluorescence readings from all 96 wells of the microtiter plate (one read cycle of the fluorescence reader) can be stored in each of up to 90 consecutively numbered files on a single-sided diskette. A simple timer circuit is described which, when used in conjunction with the above program, initiates the fluorescence reading process at preset time intervals, thus making automatic acquisition of data possible. A further program plots the data from consecutive files on the computer monitor and prints a hard copy if required. The feasibility of applying the above system and software to kinetic measurements in enzyme systems is demonstrated using methylumbelliferyl phosphate and an alkaline phosphatase/immunoglobulin conjugate. In addition, its use in following the formation of extracellular hydrogen peroxide by stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes using horseradish peroxidase-coupled oxidation of the fluorescent compound 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-coumarin (scopoletin) is described.

Making the Hard Choices Easy

In 1978 Laurence Tribe accomplished the seemingly impossible by publishing American Constitutional Law, a scholarly, if controversial, treatise on constitutional law. To say that such an undertaking is vastly more than a career for most constitutional law scholars does not even begin to capture the achievement. Operating on a theory that discretion is the better part of valor, even the acknowledged leaders of the profession have shied away from such a task as too big to handle. Now Tribe has written yet another book covering again the magnificent sweep of constitutional law. To find something comparable in constitutional law, those of us in the field must leave the law schools and go over to the political science departments and reencounter Edward Corwin who also wrote much but during far simpler times.

What is the Lithosphere?

In simpler times, natural philosophers recognized a tripartite division of the Earth into concentric zones: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, the latter being Earth's stony outer portion. As techniques for observation and measurement advanced, geologists identified various lithospheres, with thicknesses depending upon the physical or chemical characteristics that define them:

A general local existence theorem for quasi-linear evolution equations in nonreflexive banach spaces

KATO’S [4] general existence theorem for quasilinear evolution equations in reflexive Banach spaces is local in time, and so are the theorems obtained in papers [l] and [3] for nonreflexive Banach spaces. However, it turns out that using the method developed in both papers mentioned above as well as the simplified approach to linear evolution equations presented in paper [2] one can prove an existence theorem for quasilinear evolution equations with simpler time estimate. It was also shown in paper [3] that it suffices to utilize the approximate evolution operators constructed in paper [2] in order to solve the auxiliary linear equation for each iteration step. This is also the case here and we have to take advantage of the corresponding evolution operator while solving the appropriate linear equation at each iteration step. Let X, Y, Z be Banach spaces and denote by 11. I/x, I/. IIy, 11. I/= the norms in X, Y, Z, respectively. We assume that the embedding Z C Y C X is continuous and Y, Z are dense in X, Y, respectively. Let W,J be an open ball in Y with center x0 = 0 E Y and radius Y > 0, and denote by W its closure in Y, and let Z0 be an open ball in Z with the same center x0 = 0 and radius R > 0. Given 0 < b, denote by C(0, b; X), C(0, b; Y), C(0, b; Z) the spaces of all continuous functions x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t) defined on the interval [0, b] with values in X, Y, Z and norms

Black shales

In earlier and simpler times in North American geology, there was an extraordinarily large amount of unexplored ground per available geologist to study it. State and territorial geological surveys, which undertook the first comprehensive mapping programs in the nineteenth century, were at first able to make only the grossest descriptions of outcrops in order to complete their assignments to map an area. In these pioneer surveys, black shales stood out as very easily identifiable strata; characteristically colored, fine grained, with distinctive lamination, and well known to lack fossils found so commonly in adjacent strata. “Black shale, undivided” is a very familiar legend in older outcrop descriptions; the lack of comparability of black shales to other strata effectively prevented their division, for both conceptual and technical reasons. This is one of the many paradoxes we can recognize in relation to black shales; they are as difficult to interpret as they are easy to recognize.

Prenuclear-age leaders and the nuclear arms race.

Nuclear arms are a phenomenon with no historical precedent, yet people--and their national leaders--confront the prospect of nuclear war with psychological attitudes from an earlier, simpler time. This paper considers the meaning of our image of the "enemy," analyzes the appropriateness and effectiveness of a policy of deterrence, and considers approaches to doing away with war and to easing international antagonisms through the pursuit of mutually beneficial goals.

Liberalising telecommunications

Telecommunications technology is developing rapidly. New services and new ways of providing old ones are appearing all the time, and the prospects seem unlimited. But traditionally, telecommunications have been organised within State, or highly regulated private, monopolies ‐forms of organisation developed in technologically much simpler times. So two questions arise: should monopoly give way to competition so as to allow a more rapid introduction of new technology? If so, how should such competition be organised?

Human Resource Planning: Towards an Integrated Approach

In simpler times, organisations could often survive despite the shortcomings of their management and employees. Today, however, problems of low motivation, poor productivity, high turnover and excessive conflict may result in total organisational failure. Effective systems of human resource planning and development have become essential for survival.

Rational Operation of Greenhouse Thermal-Curtains

ABSTRACT THE best time to close or open a thermal curtain is when the potential gain from photosynthesis when open equals the potential gain from heat conservation when closed. A very simple growth model was used to estimate the delay in plant growth due to closing the cur-tain. Engineering formulae were used to estimate energy savings. Expressions were developed for the optimal operation of the curtain and for the economic penalty for deviating from the optimum. New York State weather data were used in a simulation which compared various methods of curtain control over a 12-mo period. A summary of the results of a set of engineering, biological and economic parameters which are represen-tative of greenhouse conditions, is as follows: With the optimal control method as reference, control based on a simple timer resulted in losing 4000 $/ha-yr or 7 percent of the energy that the curtain could potentially conserve. If the timer is not adjusted at least once a month, the performance deteriorates rather rapidly. Control based on sensing the intensity of solar radiation resulted in los-ing only 700 $/ha-yr (about 1.5 percent of potential energy conservation). These results indicate that the lat-ter method should be preferred for practical application.

Apparatus Notes 7.: A simple timer

Journal of the Institute of Mental Subnormality (APEX)Volume 5, Issue 3 p. 8-8 Apparatus Notes 7.: A simple timer Leslie Williams, Leslie Williams Electronics and Video Technician, IMS.Search for more papers by this author Leslie Williams, Leslie Williams Electronics and Video Technician, IMS.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1977 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1977.tb00316.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume5, Issue3December 1977Pages 8-8 RelatedInformation

Reformulation of the relativistic conversion between coordinate time and atomic time

The relativistic conversion between coordinate time and atomic time is reformulated to allow simpler time calculations relating analysis in solar system barycentric coordinates (using coordinate time) with earth-fixed observations (measuring 'earth-bound' proper time or atomic time). After an interpretation in terms of relatively well-known concepts, this simplified formulation, which has a rate accuracy of about 10 to the minus 15th, is used to explain the conventions required in the synchronization of a worldwide clock network and to analyze two synchronization techniques - portable clocks and radio interferometry. Finally, pertinent experimental tests of relativity are briefly discussed in terms of the reformulated time conversion.

The Origin of Cities

The goddess of cities forbids indolence. She is first seen dancing which is a figure not for art or prayer or the arousal of desire but for action simply; her breastband is copper, her crown imitates the city walls. Though she draws us to her, like a harbor or a rivermouth she sends us away. A figure of the outward. So the old men grown lazy in patrician ways lay out cash for adventures. Imagining a rich return, they buy futures and their slaves haunt the waterfront for news of ships. The young come from the villages dreaming. Pleasure and power draw them. They are employed to make inventories and grow very clever, multiplying in their heads, deft at the use of letters. When they are bored, they write down old songs from the villages and the cleverest make new songs in the old forms describing the pleasures of the city, their mistresses, old shepherds and simpler times. And the temple where the farmer grandfathers of the great merchants worshipped, the dim temple across from the market which was once a clearing in the forest, the place where the nightwatch pisses now against a column in the moonlight, is holy to them; the wheat mother their votress of sweaty sheets, of what is left in the air when her glimpsed beauty turns the corner, of love's punishment and the wracking of desire. They make songs about that. They tell stories of heroes and brilliant lust among the gods. These are amusements. She dances, the ships go forth, the slaves and peasants labor in the fields, maimed soldiers ape monkeys for coins outside the wineshops, the craftsmen work in bronze and gold, accounts are kept carefully, what goes out, what returns.

Patterns of syntheses during internodal growth of Pisum stems

The sequential (correlative) growth of the internodes of etiolated Pisum plants has been studied by determinations of the deposition of organic and inorganic matter, comprising 4 cell wall fractions, 5 N-fractions, and 7 mineral nutrient elements during 4 days for the first 4 internodes and the buds. The S-shaped internode growth curve can be derived from the simpler time courses of meristem activity and cell elongation which must be considered separately. Pectin synthesis has a sharp maximum during the cell divisions, lignification also starts early. Cellulose and protein syntheses are maximal during the most rapid internode elongation, which means when maximal number of cell units are elongating simultaneously. RNA-synthesis and breakdown are closely related to cell divisions and cessation of cell elongation respectively, leading to a net loss when cell divisions have ceased. There is practically no net synthesis of RNA during the mentioned period of most rapid internode elongation. Not further identified hemicellulose and rest-N are accumulated nearly up to the cessation of internode elongation, indicating that there is no nutrient deficiency. There is a small loss of only soluble α-amino-N when growth ceases. Factors limiting cell elongation and internode elongation are discussed. Protoxylem is very early differentiated through the meristem. Studies on the transport mechanism are in progress.

A simple timer for the AutoAnalyzer Sampler-II and IBM Model 1894 Buffered Sampler-Reader.

A simple timer incorporating commercially available components has been used to control both the sampling and washing periods on the AutoAnalyzer Sampler-II and the IBM 1894 Buffered Sampler–Reader. The sampling and washing periods can each be set quickly and independently to any values between 2 and 60 sec. The timer can be constructed in 3 hr. for $75. Three timers have been in daily operation in a clinical laboratory for 1 year with excellent operator acceptance.

TIMING STRATEGIES IN THE CALL OPTION MARKET*

THIS STUDY investigates the problem faced by the risk averse call option-holder of when to exercise the option contract. An optimal exercising strategy model is developed using the recursive maximization techniques of dynamic programming. The model involves six parameters-the length and exercise price of the option contract, the mean and standard deviation of the lognormal distribution of stock price changes, and the utility function and alternative investment opportunity rate of the investor. A simulation of the model is performed, using randomly generated stock prices, to test the effect of alternative parameter values on the return and utility of return of the optimal exercising strategy. The results indicate that the return and utility are highly sensitive to all of the above mentioned parameters except the investment opportunity rate. These results imply that, if the model is to be used in practice, then methods must be devised for accurately measuring the unknown values of some of the parameters of the model. Otherwise, heuristic option timing strategies must be devised. Using a random sample of option contract offerings, the return and utility of return of the model are compared with the return and utility of several alternative timing strategies, namely (a) exercising the option on the expiration date (buy-and-hold policy), (b) exercising the option at the most profitable price (perfect information), and (c) exercising the option whenever an exercise signal is indicated by a trading rule known as the filter technique. For the sample of options studied, the average utility of the model is not significantly different from that of the buy-and-hold rule and the filter technique. Subject to further testing of the dynamic programming model, these results suggest that the option-holder can do as well using one of the simpler timing strategies such as the buy-and-hold policy in timing the execution of option contracts. Also, given these results, the model builder may want to concentrate his efforts in the future on the development of heuristic timing rules rather than on optimization techniques. Although the result is not statistically significant, the buyand-hold rule yields a higher average return than the dynamic programming model and the filter technique. This finding is shown to be consistent with the random walk theory of price changes. Another finding is that all of the strategies tested yield returns well below the average return that could be obtained with perfect information. This suggests that there are sizeable gains to be made if improved timing strategies can be devised. Suggestions for further research include the incorporation of the returns from other assets (portfolio effects) and the wealth position of the investor in the utility function, finding techniques for accurately measuring the parameters of the model, possibly blending optimization techniques and heuristic rules in the development of timing strategies, and solving the problem of finding an optimal option selection strategy given an optimal exercising strategy.

Letter to the Editor

Letter to the Editor are often the most interesting thing in the daily mail. When they concern a teaching and patient-care program in a hospital so long and affectionately known to the recipient, he may perhaps be allowed to offer an answer. We would first thank Dr. Brazleton for writing. Then we would remark that the Editor finds much of the spirit—if not all the letter (in Biblical sense)—reminiscent of earlier and simpler times. Outstanding memories of houseofficership in the thirties are the participation of Miss Amy Greene as Head of Social Service on many of Dr. Blackfan's regular rounds, the regular attendance of the Nursing Supervisor, and the frequent, highly personal, assistance of Dr. Crothers (a pediatrician in search of mental hygiene) often with Miss Elizabeth Lord, his associate in psychology.