Simple Technology Research Articles

Perancangan Alat Pengayak Maggot Portable Sebagai Bentuk Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna Untuk UMKM dan Home Industry

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the economy but often face various challenges, such as limited capital, simple technology, and a low level of workforce education. One solution that can be implemented is Appropriate Technology (TTG), which aligns with local needs, is environmentally friendly and optimizes resource use. UMKM REPRO in Semarang, focusing on Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot cultivation, faces challenges in the sieving process, which is time-consuming and reduces production efficiency. A maggot sieving tool was developed using the Value Engineering method, emphasizing safety, ergonomics, and cost analysis to address this issue. This tool is expected to make the maggot sieving process more efficient and economical, with an estimated production cost of Rp 290,000. This innovation provides a practical and appropriate solution for MSMEs and home industries in the livestock sector. Keywords: Black Soldier Fly Maggots, MSMEs, Sieving Device, Value Engineering

Pemberdayaan Rumah Hijau “Asman Kelor” Melalui Implementasi Tong Komposter untuk Pengelolaan Limbah Organik

The problem of household waste management, especially organic waste, has become a pressing issue in RT 14 Bangah Village, Gedangan, Sidoarjo, due to the lack of adequate management. This program aims to empower the community through the innovation of "Tong Komposter" as a solution for processing organic waste into compost. The methods used include socialization, training, and participatory evaluation, supported by collaboration between residents, youth organizations, and the village government. The results show an increase in community awareness and participation in waste management, as well as the production of compost that can be used for local agriculture. A community-based approach with simple technology has a significant impact on the environment and society. This program has major implications for supporting environmental sustainability and providing economic potential for the community.

Co-producing a live fieldwork broadcast in the biosciences

Most live broadcast work in education operates with an expert to novice delivery mode, and in indoor settings such as surgical teaching environments. Those few examples of live broadcasts from outdoor locations have heavy resource requirements, limiting their uptake within Higher Education. Working with undergraduates in a students as partners approach, this research aims to test the feasibility of a low-cost and low-tech solution to co-produce a live fieldwork broadcast within the biosciences. The co-production partnership successfully produced a live broadcast from conception to delivery in 2022–2023 with three placement students and in 2023–2024 with two placement students and three mentors. The students were involved in all aspects of design, development, and delivery of the live fieldwork broadcast. A pocket wireless modem creates an outdoor wireless network with a mobile device and wireless microphones used to deliver the broadcast. Semi-structured interviews, student self-assessments, and a reflective researcher diary explored the impact of this approach to co-produce a live fieldwork broadcast. Enjoyable aspects of the placement identified were the opportunity for new experiences and a sense of achievement. The live fieldwork broadcast placement enabled the placement students to develop 28 skills, with 73% of skills identified by at least two of the placement students. Most skills developed were transferable (54% of student identified skills), including teamwork and project planning. The simple and low-cost technology used provides a solution to address the barriers of technology integration within fieldwork and offers insight into the experience of working in partnership during a live fieldwork broadcast.

Anti-Tembusu Virus of Capsid-Targeted Viral Inactivation Delivered by Lentiviral Vector in vivo

Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a member of genus flavivirus, which mainly causes decrease in production in egg ducks and neurological symptom in meatducks, causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry. Recently, the commercialized TMUV vaccines are mainly the WF100 live vaccine and the attenuated live vaccine (FX2010-180P), so it is particularly important to find new methods to combat TMUV. The capsid-targeted viral inactivation (CTVI) strategy is based on a viral core protein and an exogenous factor that can destroy viral DNA or RNA. Lentivirus vectors are an effective tool for transferring the recombinant lentiviruses to target cells and are a promising system for efficient gene delivery. This study injected recombinant lentivirus carrying the Cap-SNase and Cap-Linker-SNase fusion proteins into duck early embryos at 109 TU/ml, achieving widespread expression of the fusion proteins in duck embryo tissues. After TMUV infection, the symptoms of the ducks in the Cap-SNase and Cap-Linker-SNase groups were significantly alleviated to the 1640 group. Pathological sections showed that compared with the 1640 group, the pathological damage in the Cap-SNase and Cap-Linker-SNase groups was greatly alleviated, and the virus loads in the feces, blood and tissues of Cap-SNase or Cap-Linker-SNase groups were significantly lower than those in the 1640 group. The results indicate that the Cap-SNase or Cap-Linker-SNase fusion proteins delivered by lentivirus have anti-TMUV effect. This study combines lentiviral vectors with CTVI strategy for the first time, which could be a simple and practical technology to treating human or animal diseases or biomedical animals.

Optimization of Parameters for Anthocyanin Extraction from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel

Background: Anthocyanin is a natural non-toxic, water soluble and heat sensitive colouring pigment which is abundantly found in nature. Standardization of simple and viable technology for anthocyanin extraction from processing waste can replace the synthetic food colourants. Study on standardisation of dehydration method and solvent for anthocyanin extraction from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel was carried out using maceration. Methods: Ripe pomegranate fruits (var. kabuli) of good quality and uniform maturity were cleaned, surface sanitized using 2 ppm ozonised water for 10 minutes and outer peel was separated from the arils and mesocarp. The peels were cut into uniform pieces of approximate 2cm3 and subjected to different dehydration treatments. Best dehydration treatment was selected based on highest anthocyanin content. The peel after dehydrating with the best method was macerated using three different solvents for selection of best solvent for extraction based on highest anthocyanin content. Result: Dehydration resulted in enhanced anthocyanin content. Cabinet drying of peel pieces at 50±5°C for 24 hrs followed by maceration using acidified ethanol with 1% HCl at 2:1 solvent to solid ratio can yield 25.5% colour extract with high anthocyanin content (84.57 mg 100 g-1) and antioxidant activity (82.83%).

A review of utility of wearable sensor technologies for older person frailty assessment.

Frailty is one of the most concerning aspects of global population aging, and early identification is crucial to prevent or reverse its progression. Simple, universal, and efficient frailty assessment technologies are essential for the timely detection of frailty in older patients. Various multi-dimensional assessment instruments have been developed to quantify frailty phenotypes; we review the literature on wearable sensor technologies leveraged for older person frailty assessment. This review examines representative studies on older person frailty assessment published up to 2024, summarizing pertinent wearable sensor technologies utilized for frailty assessment. Our findings suggest that objective, simple, rapid, and affordable sensor-based frailty screening holds utility across diverse applications including diagnostic aid, prognostication, and endpoint ascertainment in research.

Effects of Fiber Orientation on the Bearing Strength of 3D-Printed Composite Materials Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication.

Among 3D printing technologies, fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a fast, simple, and low-cost technology that is being explored in a variety of industries. FFF produces composites using thermoplastic filaments, limiting the applicability of welding. Therefore, mechanical fastening is required to join FFF composites with metals or dissimilar materials. The strength characteristics of fastened joints vary with fiber orientation, necessitating further research. Additionally, in the case of FFF, the strength trends may differ from those of traditional composites due to the voids and curved surfaces formed during the process. In this study, 3D-printed composite specimens with seven different fiber orientations were fabricated using the Markforged X7™ printer. The bearing strength and failure modes were analyzed as a function of fiber orientation. Unlike traditional composites, specimens with a ±15° fiber orientation exhibited a 7.56% higher bearing strength compared to those with a 0° orientation. However, the fracture energy of the ±15° specimens was 39.56% lower. Specimens with fiber orientations between 0° and ±45° primarily showed bearing failure modes, while those with orientations from ±60° to 90° exhibited net-tension failure modes. These results confirm that when using manufacturing methods like FFF, the strength trends vary with fiber orientation compared to traditional composites. Further research is necessary to optimize fiber orientation and improve structural performance.

Inovasi Agroteknologi untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas dan Keberlanjutan Pertanian di Kepulauan Nias

This research aims to explore the application of agrotechnology innovations in improving agricultural productivity and sustainability in Nias Islands. The main challenges of the agricultural sector in this region include limited resources, climate instability and minimal access to technology. The research used a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) with surveys, in-depth interviews and field observations. Results show that micro-irrigation technology and waste-based organic fertilizer are the most widely adopted innovations. These technologies can increase crop productivity by up to 30%, although there are still obstacles in the adoption of advanced technologies such as satellite image-based land mapping due to limited infrastructure and farmer knowledge. The research also identified positive socio-economic impacts, including improved farmer welfare and land sustainability. In conclusion, the development of simple technologies such as micro-irrigation and organic fertilizer offers great potential to improve production efficiency, provided there is close collaboration between the government, academia and local communities. Key recommendations include improved access to technology, intensive training, and integration of local wisdom in sustainability strategies.

Memahami Strategi Pengelolaan Keuangan pada Usaha Kecil Menengah di Kota Amuntai: Studi Kasus pada Industri Kuliner

Abstract: This study aims to understand the financial management strategies implemented by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the culinary sector in Amuntai City, as well as the challenges they face in maintaining financial stability. The culinary SMEs in Amuntai play a significant role in supporting the local economy. However, limited financial literacy and access to capital are major obstacles to business sustainability. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with SME owners and observation of the financial practices they carry out. The results show that most SMEs manage their finances in a simple manner, yet they face challenges in cash flow management, budget planning, and transaction recording. The recommendations generated include improving financial literacy, financing access, and utilizing simple technologies to support better financial recording. These findings are expected to provide insights for business actors and stakeholders in formulating policies that support the growth of culinary SMEs in Amuntai

The Potential of Microwave Technology for Glycerol Transformation: A Comprehensive Review

Glycerol is a major by-product in biodiesel manufacturing, which accounts for around 10% of the biodiesel volume. A surplus of glycerol has led to the development of technologies for production of value-added products using glycerol as a raw material, following the “waste as a resource” strategy. Various techniques are available to carry out glycerol transformation, viz. carrying out processes under thermal heating, application of ultrasonic or hydrodynamic cavitation, microchannel technologies, etc. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) is a simple and innovative technology, which can be considered as a means of intensifying these processes. This review describes microwave irradiation as a valuable energy-efficient alternative to conventional heating for the production of value-added chemicals from glycerol via dehydration, hydrogenolysis, esterification, transesterification, etherification, and oxidation. In general, innovative and potential catalysts, approaches, and technologies are discussed and critically evaluated in terms of the possibilities and potential for further industrial implementation

Identification of the Compounds Used in Waste Bottle Caps Using Terahertz Radiation for Sustainable Resource Recycling to Benefit International Cooperation

In Japan, when people take their waste bottle caps to designated recycling companies, JPY 5/kg is donated to developing countries for polio vaccine dissemination activities. The waste volume of plastic bottles and caps is increasing every year, and there is not a day that goes by that we do not see more bottles and caps. PET bottles are more easily recycled, as the bottle body is made of a single material. However, bottle caps are made of two different materials (PP and PE), which are difficult to identify perfectly when utilising the existing NIR technology in the recycling field. This is because the designs and colours of PP and PE bottle caps are becoming more diverse, with black and dark-coloured caps being difficult to sort using NIR technology. In addition, their specific gravity is almost the same; therefore, it is difficult to separate them by their water-based specific gravity, which is an approach commonly used by recyclers. Unidentified caps are sent for thermal recycling, which runs counter to the need for decarbonisation. They may also be mixed with identified caps and sold as recycled raw material, resulting in a reduction in the purity of the recycled plastic. If PP and PE caps can be identified using simple technology, it is expected to promote high resource recycling. Therefore, in order to develop such a sorting process, this study proposes a new method for the material identification of waste caps using terahertz waves. Therefore, this research aims to identify a new identification method for waste plastic caps, which has been a challenge both domestically and internationally. Specifically, we describe the limitations of the conventional methods for identifying PP and PE bottle caps according to their weight, specific gravity, and melting point and propose an identification method using terahertz waves, demonstrating its measurement-related merits and high identification accuracy.

Counseling on Optimizing Knowledge Sharing at MSMEs Sambal Ijo Bang Juna, Pematangsiantar City

This service activity aims to provide counseling regarding optimizing knowledge sharing at Sambal Ijo Bang Juna MSMEs in Pematangsiantar City. Knowledge sharing is important in developing small and medium businesses, especially in increasing efficiency and productivity. Through this outreach activity, MSME owners and employees can understand how to share knowledge effectively between fellow employees and business partners to create innovation and increase the competitiveness of green chili products. The method used in this activity is a participatory approach through discussion, training, and direct simulation. This counseling focuses on knowledge-sharing strategies, information management, and the application of simple technology that can support the knowledge-sharing process. The results of this activity will likely encourage Sambal Ijo Bang Juna MSMEs to be more adaptive to market changes and utilize their knowledge for product development and improving service quality.

Usaha Budidaya Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) Untuk Mendukung Jiwa Kewirausahaan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is one type of mushroom as a source of vegetable food that is widely favored by the public. The quality of mushrooms that contain high protein, healthy food sources, and suitable for all groups. In Indonesia, the cultivation business has started to develop and not only among entrepreneurs, but also the general public. Efforts to understand cultivation need to be carried out from an early age, including in schools, so that it can become the basis for developing students' interests, especially related to entrepreneurship program activities. The purpose of this activity is to provide understanding, practice, and business of white oyster mushrooms at SMK YPKP Sentani. The methods used were FGDs, cultivation practices and small-scale cultivation businesses at the school level. The results of the activity showed that the students were enthusiastic in participating in the activity. After the activity all participants have recognized and understood the shape and morphological structure of mushrooms. This activity increased the understanding of white oyster mushroom cultivation by 175.3%, from 34.05% to 93.74%, and understanding of marketing potential reached 183.8% from 29.9% to 85.7%. Moreover, the results of their cultivation through mentoring can be successfully carried out independently at the school level. Businesses that are carried out with simple technology, and produce quality products are very attractive to them in entrepreneurship.

Capacity Building Of Residents In Utilizing Family Medicinal Plants As An Alternative To Self-Medication

The utilization of Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) as an alternative for self-medication has the potential to improve community health and well-being. This community service program aimed to enhance the capacity of residents in Penyengat Rendah Village in utilizing TOGA. The program involved training, mentoring, and the provision of simple technologies to support the effective cultivation and processing of medicinal plants. The results showed a significant increase in residents' knowledge and skills, with the average score increasing from 48 in the pre-test to 90 in the post-test (p < 0.001). The effect size (d = 2.3) indicated a substantial impact of the intervention on participants' knowledge improvement. Regression analysis revealed that the pre-test score only explained 10.71% of the post-test score variance, suggesting the influence of other factors on learning outcomes. The application of relevant technologies, such as drying racks and digital education platforms, contributed to the program's effectiveness. Through active community participation and appropriate technology, this program has the potential to become a sustainable health solution and economic resource. Further development of the program is recommended, including advanced processing techniques, the formation of TOGA communities, and collaboration with local markets to enhance the economic value of TOGA products.

PENDAMPINGAN POLA ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT PESISIR TERHADAP KELANGKAAN SUMBER AIR BERSIH DI NEGERI ITAWAKA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

The scarcity of clean water sources is a significant problem in many coastal communities, where access to clean water is limited, and water quality is threatened by pollution and climate change. The community service program (PKM) aims to educate coastal communities on adaptation patterns to the scarcity of clean water sources through effective counseling and assistance to increase community resilience. The extension method uses a participatory approach by involving the community in education regarding introducing water filtration media and training in water treatment technology using simple technology. The educational process for coastal communities in Itawaka State regarding the introduction of filtration media originating from local resources and recognizing adaptation techniques for the use of simple technology such as simple and cheap water filtration systems and efficient storage systems can help overcome the scarcity of clean water, as well as maintaining water filtration systems sustainable clean.

Expanding metaverse market: New opportunities and challenges for the content industry

<p>The metaverse is expanding from a simple technology or service into a platform-centric industrial ecosystem. Initially discussed in the context of infrastructure networks, such as computer communication networks, it has since broadened to include content and services related to virtual reality, such as games and films. Recently, the scope of this expanded ecosystem has further widened, linking various types of content through content-based platforms. In this metaverse market, the content market plays a crucial role. This paper aims to examine the current state of the content market within the metaverse market and explore its future development directions. We will analyze various aspects of the content sector utilizing the metaverse both domestically and internationally, investigating how the use of the metaverse is evolving from mere entertainment to a productive market with applicable business models.</p>

Expanding metaverse market: New opportunities and challenges for the content industry

<p>The metaverse is expanding from a simple technology or service into a platform-centric industrial ecosystem. Initially discussed in the context of infrastructure networks, such as computer communication networks, it has since broadened to include content and services related to virtual reality, such as games and films. Recently, the scope of this expanded ecosystem has further widened, linking various types of content through content-based platforms. In this metaverse market, the content market plays a crucial role. This paper aims to examine the current state of the content market within the metaverse market and explore its future development directions. We will analyze various aspects of the content sector utilizing the metaverse both domestically and internationally, investigating how the use of the metaverse is evolving from mere entertainment to a productive market with applicable business models.</p>

Dissolution of Spent NCM Cathodes Via Electron Transfer from the Anaerobic Respiration of Shewanella Putrefaciens

With the rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market, the global demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing significantly. As the LIB market expands, we are also confronting the challenge of disposing of the increasing number of spent LIBs. Currently, pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are the commercialized methods for recycling spent LIBs. However, these processes result in significant environmental pollution, high energy consumption and the depletion of valuable resources such as Li and Mn in the slag. Here, we explored the dissolution of spent NCM622 cathodes, a critical component of LIBs, using bioleaching via the anaerobic respiration of Shewanella putrefaciens bacteria in the neutral environment (i.e., pH 7.5). This study enhances the novelty of bioleaching as an eco-friendly and simple technology. The spent NCM622 cathodes were dissolved by approximately 79 % within four weeks. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we confirmed the electron transfer from S. putrefaciens to the NCM622 cathode. Before the reaction, the oxidation states of the elements in the NCM622 were identified as Ni (III), Co (III), and Mn (IV). After the reaction, the metals were reduced to Ni (II), Co (II), and Mn (II/III), respectively, by the respiration of S. putrefaciens under anaerobic conditions. When S. putrefaciens respired under anaerobic conditions, electrons were transferred to the metals in the NCM622, and the metals in the NCM622 were reduced and subsequently dissolved (i.e., dissimilatory process). This study provided a new mechanism of bioleaching of valuable metals in spent LIBs under environmentally sustainable conditions through the dissimilatory process by S. putrefaciens. Furthermore, this technology could be expanded to advance microbial fuel cells (MFC), enabling the recycling of spent cathodes in LIBs while generating electricity.

Influence of mechanical activation of starch using planetary ball milling on the development of little millet gluten free bread

Planetary ball milling is a simple and cost-effective green technology to mechanically activate starch. In the present study, little millet flour (LMF) was ball milled (BMF) and substituted in different amounts from 5 to 25 g/100 g in LMF. Herein, flour morphology, functional properties, batter rheology, bread physical and sensorial characteristics were investigated. Ball milling improved the ultrafine flour content (<40 μ) by 56.58 %. Flour microstructure revealed that mechanical activation structurally altered the starch granules and protein crosslinks leading to increased damaged starch content. In thermogravimetry, BMF (89.98 %) showed highest mass change than LMF (88.34 %) due to larger surface area. Also, BMF substitution significantly improved the water absorption (41.8 %), swelling power (93.77 %) and solubility (30.28 %), whereas gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity and enthalpy reduced signifying faster gelatinization. The XRD pattern and FT-IR spectra (1047/1022 cm−1) revealed reduction in relative crystallinity of starch in BMF. In terms of batter, BMF substitution improved the viscoelasticity and pseudoplasticity with shear thinning behaviour. Compared to control (2.16 cm3/g), BMF15 bread had significantly higher specific volume (2.54 cm3/g) and softer texture. Sensorially, BMF15 received higher overall acceptability. Thus, mechanical activation modified the little millet flour and it can be used as potential strategy to develop better quality gluten free bread.

Analisis Keuangan dan Perencanaan Bisnis: Kasus Bengkel Wahda Pringapus

This article aims to analyze financial performance and develop a strategic business plan for Bengkel Wahda Pringapus, a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) in the automotive repair sector. The primary issues are the lack of structured financial planning and optimal business strategy, which limits growth potential amidst competition with modern repair shops that utilize the latest technology. The study draws on financial analysis and business planning theories to address these challenges, including the Balanced Scorecard and human resource management. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observation and then analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that strategies focused on service quality improvement and adopting simple technologies have significantly enhanced Bengkel Wahda’s financial performance, evidenced by annual revenue growth of 15%. This study recommends further expansion of these strategies to maintain competitiveness in the future, including human resource development and adopting more efficient technologies.