Simple Septate Generative Hyphae Research Articles

Morphological and molecular identification of a new species of Fulvoderma (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Fulvoderma yunnanense , is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular data . Fulvoderma yunnanense is characterized by annual, laterally stipitate basidiomata with greyish brown pore surface , a monomitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae , tubular cystidia and broad ellipsoid to subglobose , thin-walled, smooth basidiospores measuring as 4.0– 5.4 × 3.3– 4.8 µm . Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA gene regions of the specimens were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out with methods of maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. The phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS+nLSU indicated that F. yunnanense nested in Fulvoderma within Hymenochaetaceae. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS dataset revealed that the new species formed a well-supported monophyletic lineage with F. australe. Full description, photo plates and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species are given.

Steccherinum filiferum sp. nov. from the neotropics, and a new combination for Odontia laxa

The new species Steccherinum filiferum, from Puerto Rico and Amazonian rainforests of Ecuador, is described. It is characterized by effused basidiomata with hyphal cords, a monomitic hyphal system, simple-septate hyphae, and minute hymenophoral aculei with encrusted, septate, Candelabrochaete -like cystidia. Because Odontia laxa [ ? Odonticium laxum ] is morphologically and phylogenetically similar to S. filiferum, the new combination Steccherinum laxum is proposed, after studying its type. Scanning electron microscopy studies show that S. filiferum and S. laxum can be differentiated by crystal size and arrangement on the cystidia. A key to the Steccherinum species with simple-septate generative hyphae is provided.

Phylogeny and diversity of Rigidoporus (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota), including three new species from Asia.

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses on Rigidoporus were carried out. The genus Rigidoporus (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota), typified by R. microporus (Fr.) Overeem. (synonym Polyporus micromegas Mont.), was established by Murrill in 1905. The genus is mainly characterized by annual to perennial, resupinate, effused-reflexed to pileate or stipitate basidiomata with azonate or concentrically zonate and sulcate upper surface, a monomitic to pseudo-dimitic hyphal structure, simple-septate generative hyphae, and ellipsoid to globose basidiospores. Phylogeny on species of the genus is reconstructed with two loci DNA sequences including the internal transcribed spacer regions and the large subunit. Three new species in Rigidoporus are described and illustrated from Asia, and one new combination in the genus is proposed. The main morphological characteristics of the currently accepted species of Rigidoporus are provided.

Morphological and molecular identification for two new species of wood-inhabiting macrofungi (Basidiomycota) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China

Two new wood-inhabiting macrofungal species, Coniophora yunnanensis and Resupinatus yunnanensis are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Coniophora yunnanensis is characterized by annual basidiomata with odontoid hymenophore with olivaceous to brown hymenial surfaces, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae, and yellowish basidiospores. While, R. yunnanensis is characterized by resupinate to cupulate basidiomata with greyish to greyish-brown hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring as 4.5–9 × 3.5–7 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that C. yunnanensis and R. yunnanensis nested within Agaricomycetidae, in which C. yunnanensis clustered into the family Coniophoraceae (Boletales), and R. yunnanensis grouped into family Pleurotaceae (Agaricales). The phylogenetic tree derived from ITS sequences revealed that C. yunnanensis grouped into genus Coniophora, in which it grouped with C. marmorata. Additionally, R. yunnanensis clustered into genus Resupinatus and then was sister to R. conspersus.

Morphological and Phylogenetic Evidence for Recognition of Two New Species of Phanerochaete from East Asia.

Two new corticioid fungal species, Phanerochaete pruinosa and P. rhizomorpha spp. nov. are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Phanerochaete pruinosa is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with the pruinose hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate generative hyphae and subcylindrical basidiospores measuring as 3.5–6.7 × 1.5–2.7 µm. Phanerochaete rhizomorpha is characterized by having a smooth hymenophore covered by orange hymenial surface, the presence of rhizomorphs, subulate cystidia, and narrower ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS+nLSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied specimens were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. These phylogenetic analyses showed that two new species clustered into genus Phanerochaete, in which P. pruinosa was sister to P. yunnanensis with high supports (100% BS, 100% BT, 1.00 BPP); morphologically differing by a pale orange to greyish orange and densely cracked hymenial surface. Another species P. rhizomorpha was closely grouped with P. citrinosanguinea with lower supports; morphologically having yellow to reddish yellow hymenial surface, and smaller cystidia measuring as 31–48 × 2.3–4.8 µm.

<p><strong>A new species of<em> Efibula </em>(Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China</strong></p>

Efibula yunnanensis is proposed as a distinct new species based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with smooth, cream to pale brown hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with thin-walled, simple septate generative hyphae and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI-, CB-basidiospores. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data analyses revealed that E. yunnanensis was sister to a clade comprised E. clarkii and E. gracilis, and then grouped with E. americana and E. tuberculata.

<p><strong><em>Phlebiopsis lacerata</em></strong><strong> sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern China</strong></p>

A new white-rot species, Phlebiopsis lacerata sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. It is characterized by resupinate to effuse-reflexed basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae, conical cystidia that are thick-walled, heavily encrusted with large crystal in the apical part, and ellipsoid basidiospores (4–5.5 × 3–3.5 µm). Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions showed that P. lacerata belongs to the Phanerochaetaceae and is nested in the phlebioid clade. Further investigation based on ITS+nLSU sequences with more representative taxa in Phlebiopsis demonstrated that P. lacerata forms a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then groups with P. crassa.

Hydnaceous fungi of China 8. Morphological and molecular identification of three new species of Sarcodon and a new record from southwest China.

Three new stipitate hydnoid fungi, Sarcodon coactus, S. grosselepidotus and S. lidongensis, are described and illustrated, based on morphological characteristics and nuc ITS rDNA + nuc LSU rDNA sequence analyses and a new record, S. leucopus, from China is reported. S. coactus is characterised by ellipsoid to round basidiocarps, reddish-brown to dark brown, felted pileal surface with white and incurved margins, simple-septate and partly short-celled generative hyphae and irregular subglobose, thin-walled, brown basidiospores with tuberculate ornamentation (tuberculi up to 1 μm long). S. grosselepidotus is characterised by infundibuliform to round, occasionally deeply fissured pileus, pale orange to dark ruby pileal surface with ascending and coarse scales, simple-septate generative hyphae and irregular ellipsoid to globose, thin-walled, brown basidiospores with tuberculate ornamentation (tuberculi up to 0.7 μm long). S. lidongensis is characterised by plano-convex to somewhat depressed and regular orbicular pileus, light brown to dark brown pileal surface with adhering squamose and purplish-brown, incurved and occasionally incised margin, cylindrical or broadened below stipe, simple-septate generative hyphae and irregular ellipsoid to subglobose, thin-walled basidiospores with tuberculate ornamentation (tuberculi up to 1 μm long). The absence of the clamp connection is the common morphological characteristic of these three new species; however, S. leucopus, a new record from China, has frequently clamped generative hyphae. Molecular analyses confirm the phylogenetic positions of three new and the new record species. The discriminating characters of these three new species and closely related species are discussed and a key to the species of Sarcodon from China is provided.

Odontia aculeata and O. sparsa, two new species of tomentelloid fungi (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) from the secondary forests of northeast China

Two new tomentelloid basidiomycetes, Odontia aculeata and O. sparsa, are described from secondary forests of northeastern China. Odontia aculeata is characterized by resupinate, arachnoid and brownish basidiocarps, a hydnoid hymenophore, a differentiated dimitic hyphal structure in the rhizomorphs with clamp connections on the generative hyphae, a monomitic hyphal system in the subiculum and irregular subglobose basidiospores with verruculose ornamentation. O. sparsa is characterized by resupinate, arachnoid, continuous and brown basidiocarps, smooth or with sparsely distributed spines, a differentiated dimitic hyphal structure in the rhizomorphs with simple-septate generative hyphae, a dimitic hyphal system in the subiculum and verruculose basidiospores. Molecular phylogeny inferred from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences data indicated that the two new species clustered with the other species of Odontia with strong support. These two new species are described and illustrated in this paper.

Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula, two new genera of phanerochaetoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia.

Two new genera with phylogenetic affinities to Phanerochaete s.l. are presented, namely Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula. The generic type of Hydnophanerochaete is Phanerochaeteodontoidea. Odontoefibula is established based on a new species: O.orientalis (generic type). Both genera have effused basidiocarps with odontioid hymenial surface, simple-septate generative hyphae, cystidia lacking, clavate basidia and ellipsoid basidiospores that are smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid, non-dextrinoid and acyanophilous. Hydnophanerochaete is additionally characterised by a compact texture in the subiculum with thick-walled generative hyphae and quasi-binding hyphae. Odontoefibula has a dense texture of subiculum with thin- to slightly thick-walled hyphae and further a dark reddish reaction of basidiocarps when treated with KOH. Multi-marker phylogenetic analyses based on sequences, inferred from the ITS+nuc 28S+rpb1+rpb2+tef1 dataset, indicate that Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula are placed in the Meruliaceae and Donkia clades of Phanerochaetaceae, respectively. Phanerochaetesubodontoidea is a synonym of P.odontoidea, according to morphological and molecular evidence.

Three new species of Aleurodiscus s.l. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from southern China.

Three new species of Aleurodiscus s.l. with corticioid basidiomata are described and illustrated from southern China based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and nrLSU sequence data. Aleurodiscusbambusinus was collected from Jiangxi Province on bamboo and is distinct by having a compact texture, simple-septate generative hyphae, abundant acanthophyses, basidia with acanthophysoid appendages and smooth basidiospores. Aleurodiscusisabellinus was collected from Yunnan Province on both angiosperm wood and bamboo and is distinct by having soft basidiomata with yellow to yellowish-brown hymenophore, yellow acanthophyses, simple-septate generative hyphae and smooth basidiospores. Aleurodiscussubroseus was collected from Guangxi Autonomous Region and Guizhou Province on angiosperm wood and is distinct by having pinkish basidiomata when fresh, clamped generative hyphae, clavate acanthophyses and echinulate basidiospores. In the phylogenetic tree, A.bambusinus and A.isabellinus were nested within the A.cerussatus group, whilst A.subroseus was clustered with A.wakefieldiae. An identification key to 26 species of Aleurodiscus s.l. in China is provided.

Inonotus castanopsidis sp. nov. (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from southwestern China

A new species, Inonotus castanopsidis, is described from southwestern China on the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It is characterized by having a perennial and resupinate to effused-reflected basidiomata with greyish yellow to lavender pore surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate generative hyphae, which are rarely branched, presence of both hyphoid and hymenial setae, and ellipsoid to subglobose, yellowish, thick-walled basidiospores. Detailed description with illustration is provided for the new species and its relationships with similar species are discussed.

Heterobasidion amyloideopsis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Russulales) evidenced by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis

Heterobasidion amyloideopsis sp. nov., a new poroid wood-inhabiting species from Pakistan, is introduced based on a combination of molecular evidence and morphological characteristics. We generated sequences from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), focusing on two specimens from Pakistan. We performed phylogenetic analyses with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and bayesian inference methods on two datasets (RPB1+RPB2 and ITS+nLSU+RPB1+RPB2). Both analyses supported the existence of the new species and showed that it formed a monophyletic group within the H. insulare complex as a sister to H. amyloideum. In addition to assessing the origin and divergence of this new species, we focused on the RPB1+RPB2 dataset to perform maximum likelihood based estimation and Bayesian binary analyses. Heterobasidion amyloideopsis is characterized by an annual habit, pileate basidiomata with a rust colored pileal surface, white, obtuse margin, a dimitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae in the trama and clamp connections present on the contextual hyphae, amyloid skeletal hyphae and broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, fairly thick-walled, and asperulate basidiospores.

Neoalbatrellus odorus sp. nov. (Albatrellaceae, Russulales) from Southwest China

We describe herein the Neoalbatrellus odorus sp. nov. accounting on its peculiar morphological features and molecular data. It is characterized by fleshy basidiomata with a deep violet to dark violet pileal surface, which turns blackish blue and glossy after drying. It also has a white pore surface, light violet to bluish violet stipe, simple septate generative hyphae, and thick-walled, non-amyloid basidiospores. The phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequences of Neoalbatrellus and its related genera, were performed using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, confirming the affiliation of the new species to Neoalbatrellus.

Three New Species ofAleurodiscuss.l. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) on Bamboos from East Asia

Abstract Three new species, Aleurodiscus dextrinoideophyses, A. thailandicus and A. verrucosporus, on bamboos are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Aleurodiscus dextrinoideophyses and A. thailandicus, collected from northern Thailand, possess abundant acanthophyses and small smooth basidiospores, and belong to the A. cerussatus group. While A. dextrinoideophyses is characterized by the dextrinoid acanthophyses, A. thailandicus has yellow acanthophyses arranged between subhymenium and basal layer. Aleurodiscus verrucosporus, collected from Fujian Province, southeastern China, is distinguished by the absence of acanthophyses and verrucose basidiospores. All the three species have abundant gloeocystidia and simple-septate generative hyphae. The phylogeny of taxa in Stereaceae was inferred from the combined ITS and nrLSU sequence data. In our phylogenetic analyses, A. dextrinoideophyses and A. thailandicus steadily nested within the A. cerussatus group, whereas A. verruc...

Phylloporia lespedezae sp. nov. (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from China

A new species, Phylloporia lespedezae, is described from Shanxi Province on the basis of morphological, ecological characters and molecular evidence. It is characterized by having an annual, pileate basidiocarps with wavy edge, duplex context separated by a black line, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae, the presence of fusoid cystidioles, yellowish, broadly ellipsoid, thick-walled basidiospores, and growing on Lespedeza (Fabaceae) only. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU) strongly support P. lespedezae as a distinct species within the genus of Phylloporia. Detailed description with illustration is provided for the new species and its relationships with similar species are discussed. In addition, a key to all 41 species of Phylloporia is provided.

Species diversity and molecular systematics of Fibroporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) and its related genera

In this study, phylogenetic analysis of Fibroporia and its related genera was carried out based on multiple loci of ITS, nLSU, nSSU, mtSSU, tef1 and rpb2. Combined with the morphological characters, a new genus, Pseudofibroporia gen. nov., is established. Phylogenetically, Pseudofibroporia is closely related to Fibroporia, but morphologically, the former is different from the latter in its distinct pileate basidiomata with entire margin and lacking rhizomorphs. In addition, three new species, Fibroporia bambusae sp. nov., F. ceracea sp. nov. and Pseudofibroporia citrinella sp. nov., are described from China. Fibroporia bambusae is different from other species by its cream to pinkish buff pore surface, cinnamon buff rhizomorphs and a dimitic hyphal system with both clamped and simple-septate generative hyphae. F. ceracea is distinguished by its ceraceous pore surface and a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae. Pseudofibroporia citrinella is characterized by white to lemon yellow pileal surface, lemon yellow to curry buff pores, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and oblong to broadly ellipsoid, and slightly thick-walled basidiospores (4–4.5 × 2.2–2.8 μm). Illustrated descriptions of the novel species and a key to known species of Fibroporia from China are provided.

Two new species of Aleurodiscus s.l. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) on bamboo from tropics

Aleurodiscus tenuissimus and A. tropicus, on dead bamboo, are new species from tropical Asia. Both species have effused basidiocarps and simple-septate generative hyphae. Aleurodiscus tenuissimus, from southern China, lacks acanthophyses and possesses echinulate basidiospores, whereas A. tropicus, from southern China and Vietnam, has abundant acanthophyses and smooth basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) support the recognition of the taxa as distinct. The new species are described and illustrated, and a worldwide key to six species of Aleurodiscus on bamboo is provided.

Hymenochaete conchata sp. nov. (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from Chiang Mai, Thailand

Hymenochaetaceae is one of the most important families of wood-inhabiting fungi. Most members of this family are polypores, while two genera, viz. Hymenochaete and Hymenochaetopsis, also accommodate species bearing hymenial surface with other configurations. In the current paper, two recently collected Thai specimens are described as the new species Hymenochaete conchata. This species is characterized by annual and pileate basidiocarps, a concentrically zonate and sulcate pileal surface, a smooth hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with two kinds of simple septate generative hyphae, smooth and subulate hymenial setae, and oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores. Hymenochaete conchata mostly resembles H. ochromarginata, H. rubiginosa and H. villosa by its annual, pileate and imbricate basidiocarps, but differs in its smaller basidiospores. Moreover, in the current ITS-based phylogeny, H. conchata also occupied a separate position from these three species. From a phylogenetic perspective, H. conchata was placed in the Hymenochaete clade and had a more or less close relationship with H. tongbiguanensis. However, H. conchata could be easily distinguished from H. tongbiguanensis due to the resupinate basidiocarps and denticulate setae in the latter. Ecologically, H. conchata could have both parasitic and saprophytic habits.

<i>Asterostromella roseola</i> Bres. ex Rick is combined in <i>Dendrocorticium</i> (Corticiaceae, Agaricomycetes)

Examination of the original material of Asterostromella roseola Bres. ex Rick confirmed that it is a good morphological species, characterized by simple-septate generative hyphae, dendrohyphidia and halocystidia, and hyaline, smooth, IKI- basidiospores. Its morphological affinities with current accepted corticioid genera are discussed, and the new combination Dendrocorticium roseolum is proposed. A lectotype is selected and description and drawings are provided.