Simple Reproduction Research Articles

Russian student family: Determinants of marriage

The birth rate reducing to the level that does not ensure even the simple reproduction of the population, which leads to problems in the economy and social sphere and to migration crises, is a challenge for many developed countries. The demographic and family policy measures aim at solving this problem, which is reflected, for instance, in the Russian National Security Strategy approved on July 2, 2021 by the Decree of the President: the increasing birth rate is declared a required condition for increasing the country’s population. In contemporary Russia, the age model of fertility has transformed: the spreading practice of postponing childbirth in the last fifteen years has led to an increase in the modal age of mothers by more than five years, which is a factor in the decline in fertility. One of the mechanisms that can change this trend but lacks the due attention is the institution of the student family. The study aims at identifying those factors that determine the marriage intentions of the student youth. The article is based on the quantitative analysis of the surveys data of the Rosstat and authors’ sociological research, including logistic models and the decision tree method, which allowed to conduct modeling and select factors to identify the determinants of student marriage. The modeling results revealed the role of the value-system structure of students and their parental family in the motivation for marriage and starting family life. One of the main conclusions of practical significance is the confirmed importance for the youth of marriage as such and as a key stage in the life path, which under the postponing childbirth and reducing birth rate determines the need for the state support for the student family. The results of the study can help to solve a complex demographic problem of the decline and aging of the birth rate, which requires systematic work to create an image of the happy student family and to introduce mechanisms for supporting it.

Экология Карла Маркса: историчность социального метаболизма

The purpose of this article is to attempt a conceptual reconstruction of Marx’s ecological doctrine of the historicity of social metabolism. Based on the texts of Karl Marx and the works of other authors, using the methods of textual analysis, contextualization, extrapolation and dialectical historicization, the article reconstructs in the very first approximation the dynamics of three historical forms of social metabolism – pre-capitalist, capitalist and post-capitalist. It is shown how in each of these three forms, due to changes in the production and labor energy metabolism between humanity and nature, unique social and ecological formations (totalities, universes) are gradually formed. In the pre-capitalist formation as a whole, there were forms of social metabolism mediated by traditional methods of production, in which simple reproduction is aimed at creating consumer values and natural exchange, which ensured the lack of motivation for large-scale technological and resource pressure on nature and, accordingly, the preservation of relative ecological balance and metabolic equilibrium. In the capitalist formation, there are forms of social metabolism mediated by expanded industrial reproduction, included in the system of private ownership of the means of production, mass wage labor, total commodity-money market relations and the production of exchange values for the purpose of unlimited valorization of capital. Such a system determines the growth of anti–ecological resource and technological exploitation of nature, the desire to “conquer nature”, understood as an “inexhaustible storehouse”, which leads to metabolic gaps – systemic contradictions between the universal metabolism of nature and the productivist-Promethean logic of capitalist social metabolism. Metabolic gaps (for example, between man and nature, city and village, production and consumption, market and biological cycles) lead capitalism to ecological imbalances in all spheres of the social universe. In the future post-capitalist formation, according to Marx, emerge will be forms of social metabolism mediated by nature-saving methods of production; reorientation from the exchange economy to the consumer economy and the transition from expanded reproduction to its sustainable forms; convergence of the city and the countryside; elimination of unnatural needs and practices of their satisfaction; increasing the importance of reproductive and restorative forms of activity; sustainable development and orientation to future generations. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the identified mechanisms of changes in past and present forms of social metabolism, which constitute the immanent historicity of the socio-ecological universe, allow not only to predict the ecometabolic features of the post-capitalist future, but also to contribute to a gradual practical movement towards this future. Key words: ecology of K. Marx, social metabolism, historicity, social formations, capitalism, post-capitalism, praxis, metabolic rift, ecological imbalance, sustainable reproduction.

The Road (Trip) Home? Migration, Borders and Belonging in Contemporary Bosnian Cultural Production

In the last decade, post-Yugoslav (diasporic) cultural production has experienced an upswing in the emergence of (female-authored, feminist) literature and film that critically engage with the aftermath of displacement, exile and migration following the wars of the 1990s. For this article, I will focus on three recent cultural artefacts that belong to this category: two books – the acclaimed Uhvati Zeca (Catch the Rabbit) by Lana Bastašić (2018) and Deset Šljiva za Fašiste (Ten Plums for Fascists) by Elvira Mujčić (2020) – and one film, Take Me Somewhere Nice, by Ena Sendijarević (2019). I will explore how in these itinerant narratives, Bosnia and the Balkans emerge as a stylistic vehicle, linking the past and present, East and West, as well as questions of belonging and exile. Working at the intersection of postcolonial and postsocialist critique, as well as of border studies and feminist theory, I will analyze how a certain Balkanist discourse is recuperated in the three proposed works. I will argue that this is not a simple reproduction but rather a mimetic engagement with Balkanism by way of the protagonist’s (and by extension – the author’s) critical embedding within its workings.

Сельская локальная экономика как амортизатор противоречий в аграрной динамике

In agriculture in Russia, there are multidirectional trends that generate contradictions. For example, between the growth of output and the absence of even simple reproduction, between the introduction of advanced technologies and the aggravation of rural unemployment problems. The rural local economy (RLE) is considered as a means of their systemic solution. It is compared with large agricultural organizations and agricultural holdings. A number of advantages of the rural local economy have been identified, which make it possible to mitigate the negative impact of contradictory trends in agricultural dynamics on the Russian countryside and to stop possible risks. The endogenous nature of the SLE is emphasized, which is of particular importance given the complex geopolitical situation and the need to mobilize internal sources of growth. The conclusion is made about the need for priority development of rural local economy as a way to resolve many socio-economic problems of agrarian Russia.

On a Place in Time

The essay is a comment on Larisa Deriglazova’s article “Time Is Out of Joint”: EU and Russia in Quest of Themselves in Time.” The author argues that modernization does not mean an approximation to a certain normative, but the solution of one’s own tasks, which cannot be achieved by means of simple reproduction or extensive growth of what already exists. Whereas the transfer of the European model of modernization to new EU member-states is supported by external control, for Russia the question of political modernization becomes radically more complex, as it implies not only a response to external challenges, but also the establishment of institutions adequate to domestic demands. The European institutions of liberal-democratic consensus, the very model of political participation that has looked triumphant at the end of the 20th century, is now in a deep crisis.

Demographic processes in the Baltic macro-region (1990-2022)

The article discusses the features and factors of the dynamics and territorial differentiation of the demographic development of the population of the Baltic macroregion in 1990 - 2022. Study have indicated, although the population of the macroregion is growing, and most of the countries located here have a migration population growth, the demographic situation cannot be considered to be satisfactory in any of its parts. Depopulation has been taking place everywhere for a long time, and there are no serious grounds for expecting, even in a fairly distant future, not only an expanded, but also a simple reproduction of the population. The population of the Baltic countries decreased catastrophically in 1990-2022. There are also territories in the Nordic countries, the Baltic regions of Germany and Poland, losing population and characterized by an intensive redistribution of residents from villages to cities, which is typical at the micro level for Russian regions as well. In the countries with a traditional market economy, characterized by a high migration influx from Asia and Africa, there are acute problems of migrant integration and / or the development of multiculturalism. At the initiative of Western partners, the cross-border mobility of the population and any (including educational and scientific ties) between the EU countries and Russia are limited. On the basis of the latest published statistical data, the listed and other problems of population dynamics in the macroregion are analyzed, its parts are typified according to the predominance of certain features of the natural and migration movement of the population, the existing and predicted demographic problems are assessed, particular attention is drawn to the need for their speedy solution.

Risks and challenges to the implementation of the goals of preserving the number and simple reproduction of the Russian population (part 1)

Risks and challenges to the implementation of the goals of preserving the number and simple reproduction of the Russian population (part 1)

Petty commodity production

ABSTRACT Petty commodity production (PCP) is a key reality of contemporary capitalism. Deceptively simple, it is shrouded in synonyms, debates and neglect. This essay covers its definitions and roles in agrarian change. Four aspects relevant to critical agrarian studies are introduced: its gendering, persistence, ‘unviability' and roles in the wider economy. Three debates are summarised: PCP versus peasants, exploitation versus conflict over appropriated surplus, simple reproduction and PCP expansion. Last, PCPs’ relations to the state and PCP politics are reviewed with material mostly drawn from South Asia. PCP remains a form of contemporary capitalism that must not be ignored either analytically or politically.

Evolution of Proliferative Model Protocells Highly Responsive to the Environment.

In this review, we discuss various methods of reproducing life dynamics using a constructive approach. An increase in the structural complexity of a model protocell is accompanied by an increase in the stage of reproduction of a compartment (giant vesicle; GV) from simple reproduction to linked reproduction with the replication of information molecules (DNA), and eventually to recursive proliferation of a model protocell. An encounter between a plural protic catalyst (C) and DNA within a GV membrane containing a plural cationic lipid (V) spontaneously forms a supramolecular catalyst (C@DNA) that catalyzes the production of cationic membrane lipid V. The local formation of V causes budding deformation of the GV and equivolume divisions. The length of the DNA strand influences the frequency of proliferation, associated with the emergence of a primitive information flow that induces phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. A predominant protocell appears from the competitive proliferation of protocells containing DNA with different strand lengths, leading to an evolvable model protocell. Recently, peptides of amino acid thioesters have been used to construct peptide droplets through liquid–liquid phase separation. These droplets grew, owing to the supply of nutrients, and were divided repeatedly under a physical stimulus. This proposed chemical system demonstrates a new perspective of the origins of membraneless protocells, i.e., the “droplet world” hypothesis. Proliferative model protocells can be regarded as autonomous supramolecular machines. This concept of this review may open new horizons of “evolution” for intelligent supramolecular machines and robotics.

Negociaciones en la puesta en escena del país de origen. Un estudio transnacional sobre restaurantes extranjeros en Gran Valparaíso, Chile

The article seeks to understand how migrant families bring life to restaurants that evoke their countries of origin. These spaces and culinary proposals are not a simple reproduction, but negotiated interpretations of culture itself during migration processes and are analyzed from a transnational approach. The methodology is based on interviews and participant observations carried out in four foreign restaurants located in Greater Valparaíso, Chile. The article contributes to the production of knowledge about migrants who have capital, exploring performances, symbols, and culinary practices that selectively show their national culture. It is concluded that these restaurants can be considered bridges between cultures by linking multiple scales with imaginaries, representations, and emotions. It articulates a discussion on ethnic economies, cultural transformations, and the production of evolving migrant identities while extending studies on recent migrations in Chile.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE MILK MARKET UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE’S MEMBERSHIP IN THE EU

The article is devoted to the assessment of the organizational and economic basis of the functioning of the milk market in the conditions of Ukraine’s membership in the EU. The main reasons for the reduction of the number of cows both in agricultural enterprises and households have been established. It has been proven that in the current conditions, the subjects of entrepreneurial activity – producers of dairy products do not have the opportunity to carry out even a simple reproduction of the cow population at the expense of their own sources. Today, the system of tribal service, which existed earlier in Ukraine and made it possible to conduct tribal affairs at the proper level, does not work. Therefore, further increase in productivity and improvement of animal reproduction indicators are extremely problematic due to the lack of a modern breeding system in animal husbandry. It has been established that most dairy farms have passed the stage of modernization of the material and technical base, which ensures the production of high-quality milk. In our opinion, subjects of entrepreneurial activity in the field of agro business – milk producers can compete with agricultural producers from EU countries in the presence of effective state support for dairy farming and the observance of partnership relations with processing enterprises and trade. The introduction of innovative technologies in dairy farming, especially agricultural enterprises, ensures a high level of milk productivity of cows, which corresponds to the corresponding values ​​of the average annual milk yield of most countries of the European Union. The analysis of benefits and risks for dairy farming from Ukraine’s participation in the EU makes it possible to determine the directions of the national policy in terms of reducing risks, neutralizing negative consequences and accelerating the realization of benefits from the liberalization of trade regimes: promotion of exports with the aim of expanding foreign sales markets for Ukrainian exporters of dairy products; stimulation of domestic demand for milk and milk products; increasing the competitiveness of domestic producers of milk and milk products on the basis of improving the quality and safety of products due to the implementation of international quality standards; ensuring the competitiveness of domestic producers on domestic and foreign markets in accordance with effective state support measures for mixed agricultural enterprises – milk producers with the aim of attracting private investments for their development; avoiding negative impacts on personal peasant farms on the basis of the development of service and sales cooperation, the formation of the appropriate infrastructure, financial support for the process of transformation of commercial personal peasant farms into small agribusiness subjects – milk producers; promotion of rural development, active use of the benefits of the “green box” by the World Trade Organization.

Predictors Influencing the Choice of Master’s Programs in the Tourism Industry

The authors analyzed trends in integration of education, science and business in an industrially developed area. New ways of interaction between universities, research organizations and businesses are proposed especially in the field of tourism industry. The dynamic change in global economic processes entails reform education in this area of study, which from a method of simple reproduction of labor was transformed into a source of growth for economically and socially active population groups capable of acting in a competitive environment. The need to train highly qualified personnel to quickly changing working conditions is a priority for states and organizations, focused on meeting their economic goals. In Kazakhstan, the requirements for university education are increasing. It due to both new conditions on the labor market and the increased role of “lifelong education". The number of people applying for university education is growing. Is growingcompetition between different universities, between universities and other research institutions, between private and public education. Representatives of the business community, in turn, make demands on how they would like to see graduates of Kazakh universities. Business success depends on the ability of employees of firms to quickly restructure their activities in the changing conditions. That is why domestic business is becoming interested in the reform education: it needs specific specialists definitely in tourism area, and it is ready to financially support their training.

FEATURES AND TRENDS CONTEMPORARY PROCESSES OF POPULATION REPRODUCTION IN TERNOPIL

The article presents the results of the study of the demographic situation in Ternopil. The sex-age structure of the population and indicators that determine the course of population reproduction processes: fertility, mortality and natural increase are characterized.
 Research has shown that at the beginning of 2021 in Ternopil there were 223,8 thousand inhabitants (21,5 % of the total population of Ternopil region). Compared to 2001, the population decreased by 3,9 thousand people, or 1,7%. In 2020, for the first time in Ternopil, the number of deaths exceeded the number of newborns – a natural increase, thus, fell below zero and became negative (-1,5). The slight increase in the number of Ternopil residents, which has been observed in the last two years, was solely due to internal migration. One of the reasons for this is the high level of unemployment in rural areas of the region, from where migration to the regional center takes place in order to find employment and improve the quality of life.
 Over the last ten years, there has been a negative trend towards increasing the demographic burden on the working population of persons of working age and post-working age, and at the beginning of 2021 these figures were, respectively, 246 and 432 persons per 1,000 working population.
 In recent years, there has been a fairly marked decline in the overall birth rate. In 2020, it was at the level of 9 ‰, which is a quarter (25,6 %) less than in 2014. The total fertility rate at the beginning of 2021 was at the level of 11 children per 10 women, which is not enough for simple reproduction of the population cities; the current level of this indicator in Ternopil provides for the replacement of generations by only 52,2 %.
 Over the last twenty years, mortality rates in Ternopil, as well as in Ternopil region as a whole, have been constantly changing and until 2005 had a steady upward trend, then the mortality rate stabilized at 8,3-8,6 ‰, and since 2007 The indicator started to gradually decrease (to 7,7 ‰), but since 2011 the growth trend has been observed again. This increase in mortality is still observed. In 2020, this indicator reached the maximum mark for the entire observation period (2001-2020) – 10,6 ‰. It is noteworthy that the death rate in Ternopil has always been lower than in the Ternopil region as a whole. This is due to a number of factors, primarily the fact that in the age structure of the population of Ternopil is much smaller share of the elderly (12,5 %) than in the region as a whole (15,6 %), which have the highest mortality rates.
 Improving the demographic situation in Ternopil is possible under several conditions: increasing real incomes and overcoming poverty; reducing unemployment and shadow employment, reforming the social assistance system in order to strengthen its targeting of socially vulnerable groups, improving the quality and accessibility of preventive and medical care, stimulating the birth rate, spreading healthy living standards, etc. The complexity of solving the demographic problems that have developed in Ternopil is due to the significant inertia of demographic processes, and therefore the longer their solution is delayed, the larger they will become.
 Given the current demographic situation in Ternopil, it is important to predict the number and gender and age structure of the population in the future. Therefore, in the medium and long-term forecasting of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the city’s population, it is necessary to identify priority measures to mitigate negative demographic trends, as well as to study the dynamics of the working population, because this age group will be the main labor force. further socio-economic development of Ternopil.
 Key words: demographic situation, population size, depopulation, population aging, fertility, mortality.

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEIRS ENDEMIC MODEL BOTH FROM PDEs AND ODEs PERSPECTIVE

An age-structured susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered–susceptible (SEIRS) endemic model is proposed in this analysis utilizing the tools of partial differential equations. Because of different outflows and inflows that are lopsided by migration and demographics factors, the population is supposed to be not constant. To demonstrate that the model is well-posed, an abstract Cauchy problem is developed from the proposed system. The simple reproduction number [Formula: see text] is used to analyze the local and global behavior of the disease-free equilibrium. The disease present equilibrium point is shown to exist and be stable locally under appropriate assumptions and conditions. We consider the age-free parameters and the problem is converted into an ordinary differential equations (ODEs) model. The ODEs model is investigated for disease-free and endemic equilibria and the global stability of each equilibrium is presented therein. A few simulations are carried out and discussed at the end of the paper to explain the central theorem of the study.

The Culture of Community Life in the Context of National Identity

Modern processes of globalization present new challenges for different societies and cultures, as they relate to everyday relationships of people and change the way of life that has developed over the centuries. When living conditions change very slowly - over the course of dozens of generations, the reproduction of culture, which acts primarily as a system of prohibitions, is able to organize the life of each subsequent generation in the same way through norms, values and ideals inherited from the past, which may not change significantly, because the social environment hasn`t changed. But in the modern world, when radical changes take place already in the life of one generation, it is obvious that simple reproduction can no longer give the culture viability and duration. The article shows that rich and viable, first of all, is the culture that is able to adapt to the changing reality and offer alternative ways of organizing life. Alternative in this case are all mechanisms that allow groups of people (nations, ethnic groups), while maintaining their cultural identity, to express themselves and find their place in a changing reality. This experience of adaptation and survival was also historically acquired by the Armenian people, who, in the conditions of geographical fragmentation and deprived of the opportunity to unite into a single national state, were forced to organize their lives through autonomous cultural communities. The main task of cultural communities was mainly survival, not development, but thanks to this, members of the communities acquired such qualities as initiative, flexibility, awareness of belonging to “we” (family, community). This rich experience of Armenian culture is also the basis for the fact that in this case the culture takes birth to a nation-state, unlike many Western countries, where the nation-state purposefully creates and disseminates national culture - a common language, norms of behavior, narratives, values, etc.

Assessing the reproduction of land resources in the context of achieving food security

The article conducted a study of the level of reproduction of land resources in Russia, in the conditions of the formation of food security. It was revealed that the growth of food production in Russia leads to a decrease in the potential of agricultural land. A significant part of the land occupied by agricultural crops is not fertilized. The introduced volumes of nutrients are insufficient for either simple or extended reproduction. Volumes of fertilizers close to simple reproduction are applied to grain and leguminous crops. An increase in the application of potassium would fully allow for the simple reproduction of land occupied by grain crops. The most critical situation has developed with the lands used for growing sugar beets. The lack of nutrients led to the fact that in 2019 the earth lost more than 200 kg of nitrogen and potassium. The identified situation is a threat to both food and national security. If the current trend continues, the yield will show a downward trend, which, even if costs remain at the same level, will lead to an increase in prices, and, accordingly, to a decrease in food availability. In general, there is a pronounced situation of depletion of land resources. Instead of stimulating the introduction of fertilizers and ensuring low prices for them, the country’s leadership is stimulating food exports. This situation is similar to the export of mineral resources and timber. Grain, like oilseeds, is predominantly exported in a non-processed form, which is inherently a low value-added resource commodity. But the main thing is that soil fertility is actually exported, since the applied fertilizers do not even provide simple reproduction.

Assessment of the Ability of Rural Communities to Prepare High-Quality Development Projects

The development of communities and territories requires significant investment. At their expense, communities can restore existing or build new infrastructure, develop businesses, and launch joint development projects. All this is done to improve the living conditions and well-being of the population in communities. As a rule, there are not enough own funds to solve all tasks: community resources are limited and are largely used to meet priority needs. Rural and village communities, almost always financed on a residual basis, are practically unable to provide not only extended, but even simple reproduction of their territories. Therefore, larger projects are implemented using financial or material and technical resources provided from the state budget and/or through international technical assistance projects. This resource is mainly received on a non-refundable basis. The main requirement is for communities to get a sustainable long-term effect from investment. It is also a confirmation of the ability of territorial entities to independently maintain restored or created infrastructure or projects that have been put into operation. In order for these funds to be received by the most worthy and prepared entities, they are distributed through competitive selection mechanisms. Any communities submit project applications for the competition. The most important thing is that the applications meet the requirements of the competition and contain all the information properly submitted. The EU sectoral support competition is one of the largest, both in terms of coverage of Ukrainian communities, and in terms of development areas that can be funded. The results of the competition allow assessing which development problems seem most urgent in rural areas, and whether rural communities have an understanding of the requirements of project approaches. Conclusions and generalisations can serve as a marker for assessing the competitiveness of rural and village communities in the struggle for project resources. In addition – in terms of forming further policies for the development of rural areas and their institutional support. The purpose of the study – assess the ability of territorial communities (with an emphasis on rural and village communities) to prepare high-quality development projects in accordance with European approaches, and provide proposals for improving this ability. To assess the ability of territorial communities to prepare high-quality development projects, statistical and comparative analysis, systematisation and generalisation of information were carried out. The following methods were applied: synthesis and formalisation, graphical and tabular techniques. A study of the activity of communities (with an emphasis on rural and village ones) in terms of preparing development projects was carried out. Their readiness to participate in competitions is analysed. Based on the submitted project applications, a summary of the key priorities for the development of rural and village communities is made. A number of generalisations have been formed regarding the level of project capacity of territorial communities (primarily rural and village communities). Proposals have been developed to improve the ability of communities to attract resources through competitions of this level and their further effective use. Separately, proposals for the introduction of a “project counselling” system within agricultural advisory services and/or regional development agencies (RDA) are provided. The results of the assessment of the ability of rural and village communities to prepare high-quality development projects, the proposed recommendations for their improvement, can be used by central and local authorities, territorial communities, organisations, international technical assistance projects, whose activities are aimed at the development of communities and territories in the implementation of rural development policies both at the national and local levels.

Methodological Aspects of Managing a Geological Study of Subsoil and Forming a Database for a Geological and Economic Map of the Mineral Resource Potential of Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

Managing the process of geological exploration of subsoil has now undergone significant changes. Over the period of applying information technologies in the geological industry, notable changes have occurred in the structure of the subsoil management system, which were expressed in solving organizational issues of the system design, choosing the structure of methodological tools, selecting a software and hardware platform, etc. At present, a significant difficulty is to solve the issue of creating a control system for the geological study process of subsoil and to reproduce mineral resources at the regional level, where the reserve disposal should be compensated by their growth. This is the idea of a simple reproduction of the raw materials base. For a number of raw materials, even such an increase is currently not achievable; regional programmes for a geological exploration of subsoil are formed by extrapolating last year’s indicators or there are no such programmes at all. The authors have developed a control system model for the geological exploration process of subsoil and formed a system of indicators in the form of a database for a geological and economic map of the mineral resource potential (using the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). This work was supported by the grant No. MD-2409.2020.5 given by the President of the Russian Federation.

Robot lecture for enhancing presentation in lecture

In lectures with presentation slides such as an e-learning lecture on video, it is important for lecturers to control their non-verbal behavior involving gaze, gesture, and paralanguage. However, it is not so easy even for well-experienced lecturers to properly use non-verbal behavior in their lecture to promote learners’ understanding. This paper proposes robot lecture, in which a robot substitutes for human lecturers, and reconstructs their non-verbal behavior to enhance their lecture. Towards such reconstruction, we have designed a model of non-verbal behavior in lecture. This paper also demonstrates a robot lecture system that appropriately reproduces non-verbal behavior of human lecturers with reconstructed one. In addition, this paper reports a case study involving 36 participants with the system, whose purpose was to ascertain whether robot lecture with reconstruction could be more effective for controlling learners' attention and more beneficial for understanding the lecture contents than video lecture by human and robot lecture with simple reproduction. The results of the case study with the system suggest the effect of promoting learners’ understanding of lecture contents, the necessity of reconstructing non-verbal behavior, and the validity of the non-verbal behavior model.

Агропродовольственное импортозамещение через призму устойчивости сельского хозяйства

The difficult geopolitical situation has exacerbated the problem of agri-food import substitution, in which Russia has made obvious progress in recent years. However, the increasing volumes of agricultural production do not guarantee the further dynamics of the development of the industry. On the contrary, a number of fundamental growth factors in some cases do not provide even simple reproduction. Thus, the natural fertility of the soil has been steadily declining over the past decades, the material and technical base of agriculture is not updated in sufficient volume, the wages of farmers are significantly lower than the average level in the economy, many enterprises of the industry are credited, the disparity of prices for agricultural and industrial products is increasing. These contradictions between the growth of output and the reproductive abilities of the agricultural sector of the economy cannot last forever. Therefore, a transition to sustainable agricultural development is necessary, assuming that the current needs of society are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. To do this, Russia has key capabilities that allow the priority conversion of available energy resources into food production on a planetary scale, which, in addition to the source of economic prosperity, strengthens the geopolitical influence of our country.