Simple Random Sampling Approach Research Articles

Non-linear association between air pollutants and secondary sensitive skin in acne patients.

There is a growing number of patients suffering from sensitive skin secondary to acne, but its prevalence and influencing factors are not yet well-understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the nonlinear relationship between air pollutants and secondary sensitive skin in acne patients. A cross-sectional study comprising 4325 acne outpatients in China was carried out between September 2021 and December 2022, employing a simple random sampling approach. Air pollutants data was derived from the nearest air quality monitoring station corresponding to the subjects' residential locations. Furthermore, socio-economic characteristics, biological attributes, and lifestyle data of patients were acquired via questionnaire surveys. The data were subsequently analyzed utilizing the XGBoost machine learning model. A nonlinear relationship has been observed between secondary sensitive skin in acne patients and various factors, including particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), the severity of depression, different levels of exercise intensity, acne grading, frequency of sunscreen application, gender, and age. The occurrence of secondary sensitive skin in acne patients be mitigated through the implementation of measures such as the control of air pollutant emissions, regulation of negative emotions, and improvement of personal lifestyle.

Willingness to adopt biodegradable mulch among farmers in Saudi Arabia: implications for agricultural extension

Biodegradable mulch (BDMs) films are ecologically safe substitutes for polyethylene mulches (PEMs) in agricultural systems. However, since it is an innovative technology on the market, it is not easy for farmers to adopt it. Understanding farmers' familiarity with BDM and their willingness to adopt it in the future could play a crucial role in the design and implementation of effective agricultural interventions for promoting the adoption of BDM to reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, a study was undertaken to assess farmers' familiarity with BDM and their willingness to adopt it in the future. Data were collected from fruit and vegetable growers located in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, using a simple random sampling approach with the help of a pre-tested paper-based questionnaire. The findings revealed that most of the farmers were not familiar with BDM. Despite the lack of awareness, a considerable portion indicated their willingness to adopt BDM in the future. The farmers' education level, farm size, and membership in agricultural cooperatives significantly influenced their familiarity with BDM. Education level, farming experience, and membership in agricultural cooperatives also showed significant relationships with their willingness to adopt BDM in the future. Moreover, the farmers were not aware of the potential benefits of this new innovation. The study recommends that extension education programs through the active involvement of agricultural cooperatives should be implemented to make farmers aware of the advantages of BDM over PEM. In addition, the government should facilitate the adoption of this promising innovation by enhancing its availability on the market and affordability to farmers.

Implementing Digital Marketing Channels on BTHM Admission: Evidence from Dhaka City

This study analyzes the influence of digital marketing channels on BBA in Tourism and Hospitality Management (BTHM) admission at higher-degree educational institutions in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The research employed a simple random sampling approach to pick 200 prospective students who sought to be accepted to various academic institutions offering four years of degree in BTHM in Dhaka City. Data was obtained using a standardized questionnaire on students' exposure to digital marketing outlets and their admission choices to BTHM. We analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel. The research findings reveal that digital marketing channels of social media are powerful information sources for educational institutions. The results suggest that social media and user-friendly websites also play vital roles in decision-making for students who want to take BTHM admission as a higher study. Educational institutions should enhance their digital marketing, especially social media and user-friendly websites, to attract and engage potential students for BTHM admission. The study contributes technological insights to the field of both digital marketing and BTHM admission. The study provides practical recommendations for educational institutions to enhance their digital marketing strategies and optimize their outreach efforts for BTHM admissions in Dhaka, Bangladesh. IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1)): 142-170

The Impact of Mentorship and Funding Support on Stimulating Entrepreneurship Motivation among Family Members

This study investigates and assesses factors that influence entrepreneur’s motivationto start up a project and explores government support programs. A study model wasdeveloped, and a quantitative approach was used for this purpose to collect data frompotential entrepreneurs among family members. Two influential factors were used in thestudy that would impact entrepreneur’s motivation which are mentoring and funding support.This study is based on the expectancy theory to investigate impact on entrepreneur’smotivation. A simple random sampling approach was used on the targeted population andstudy results were tested to determine their validity. The findings show that the existenceof mentorship and accessible funding support have a favorable relationship and remarkableimpact on motivation of entrepreneurs especially in the early stages of the project. Thestudy indicates that entrepreneur’s ideas and goals would not be achieved without properfunding. Potential entrepreneurs may not be able to start their own business people andface the risks in the absence of financial support. It is critical to enhance the understandingof potential entrepreneurs in the early stages on how such substantial efforts might benefittheir entrepreneurial journeys. The study suggests focusing on mentorship and funding supportprograms to stimulate potential entrepreneurs in Bahrain. This step can attract andincrease investment in the market and contribute to economic growth of the country.

Identification of Salmonella sp. Contamination in Chicken Eggs Sold at Sanglah Market

Salmonella sp. is one of the bacteria that causes gastroenteritis that has millions of infections yearly. Generally, this bacterial infection is the result of consuming food which is contaminated with these bacteria, one of which is chicken eggs. These bacteria can contaminate chicken eggs while the eggs are forming or after the egg is formed. The aim of this research is to determine the contamination rate of Salmonella sp. in chicken eggs sold at Sanglah Market. A descriptive study with simple random sampling approach was carried out to identify Salmonella sp. contamination in chicken eggs sold at Sanglah Market. A total of 27 chicken eggs were used as samples taken from 9 chicken egg traders at Sanglah Market. Samples were then tested for the presence of Salmonella sp. by culturing on Salmonella-Shigella Agar media at Laboratorium Biomedik Terpadu Divisi Bakteriologi dan Virulogi FK Universitas Udayana and then later identified using the BD PhoenixTM M50 instrument at Nikki Medika Laboratory Denpasar. Of the 27 eggs that were examined for the contents and the shells of each egg, no samples of chicken eggs were identified that were contaminated with Salmonella sp. (0%). However, in 4 samples Providencia rettgeri and Proteus mirabilis were identified using the BD PhoenixTM M50. Salmonella sp. contamination was not found in the shells and contents of chicken eggs sold at Sanglah Market with a contamination prevalence of 0%. Keywords: chicken eggs, Salmonella sp. contamination, Salmonella sp

Optimizing the Performance and Governance of MSMEs in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Through Digitalization

A significant feature of technology is its capacity to change the routines and behavior of business players, especially MSMEs actors. MSMEs players in the Special Area have been impacted by the Covid-19 outbreak and are now looking to the MSMEs sector for business opportunities. It is necessary to overcome the difficulty of attaining the digitization of MSMEs. The fact that the MSMEs actors are not fundamentally and mentally equipped is another problem. The study's objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of using digital literacy, e-commerce, and skills as a tactic to enhance MSMEs governance and performance. The main sources of data for the study were imaginative MSMEs Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta actors. The analytical unit of the study is the manager or owner of MSMEs in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. In this study, primary data are gathered by a questionnaire. The sample size was established using a simple proportionate random sampling approach. The AMOS SEM analysis tool and a sample of 20% of all MSMEs in each district and city of the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta are used to achieve this. According to the study's findings, E-Commerce affects the MSMEs Governance, Digital Expertise affects MSMEs Governance and Performance, MSMEs Governance the performance of MSMEs. However, E-Commerce has no effect on the performance of MSMEs.

Pengaruh Word of Mouth dan Product Innovation Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen Tetra Coffee Palembang

This study aims to determine the influence of word of mouth and product innovation on the buying interest of Tetra Coffee Palembang consumers. This research method is a descriptive method with a quantitative research approach. The sampling technique in this study uses the probability sampling method with a simple random sampling approach. Determination of the number of samples using the Lemeshow formula obtained the minimum number of samples needed in this study was 96 respondents. Data analysis using data quality tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The result of this study is that word of mouth (X1) has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest (Y) at Tetra Coffee Palembang. Product innovation (X2) has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest (Y) at Tetra Coffee Palembang. Word of mouth (X1) and product innovation (X2) have a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest (Y) at Tetra Coffee Palembang. Based on the results of the variables X1 and X2 together there is a Y in RSquare of 0.870, this means that the influence of the variables word of mouth (X1) and product innovation (X2) together on and buying interest (Y) is 87%. The remaining 13% was influenced by variables other than the variables studied.

Determination of Mahkota Gold Pringsewu Customer Satisfaction

Because of their abundance, Pringsewu's gold stores face fierce competition. Service quality, product quality, product design, and gold cleaning quality are what distinguish one business from the others and help it maintain customer loyalty. The goal of this study is to discover and explain how marketing messages and product quality influence customer satisfaction. This research takes a quantitative approach. There were 110 participants in this research overall. Using the Simple Random Sampling approach, 86 respondents were selected from the Mahkota Gold Pringsewu customer base for this study. This study relied on primary data. The data for this study was gathered using a Likert scale questionnaire technique. According to the findings of the study on Determining Customer Satisfaction at Mahkota Gold Pringsewu, there is a positive and significant relationship between product quality and customer satisfaction; there is also a positive and significant relationship between product quality and marketing communication, and there is a positive and significant relationship between the two for Mahkota Gold Pringsewu customers. This implies that high-quality products and marketing messages have a big influence on consumer happiness.

Performance Evaluation Strategies and Teachers’ Productivity in Public Secondary Schools in Rivers State

This study investigated the performance evaluation strategies and teachers’ productivity in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. Four research questions and hypotheses guided the study. The correlational design was adopted by the study. The population of the study is 1,714 respondents in 95 public senior secondary schools in Rivers West Senatorial district in Rivers State. The sample size of the study comprises 514 respondents in Rivers West Senatorial District in Rivers State. A simple random sampling approach and proportional sampling technique is used. Two sets are used for data collection. They are Performance Evaluation Strategies Questionnaire (PESQ) and Teacher’s Productivity Questionnaire (TPQ) for data collection. The reliability of the instruments (PESQ and TPQ) were determined by using Cronbach Alpha method. The research questions were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using Multiple Regression. The findings of the study showed that the Performance Evaluation Strategies, such as complying to quality assurance, adherence to output specification, knowledge of the job, creative initiative had positive relationship with teachers productivity in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. It was also found that there was significant difference between complying to quality assurance, adherence to output specification, and knowledge of the job, as creative initiative had a positive relationship with teachers productivity in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that the government should provide a legal framework that coordinates and harmonizes the best performance evaluation strategy to ensure standards and uniformity.

Access to and utilization of COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) among people living with HIV (PLWH): A mixed methods study from Cambodia.

Several COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests have been approved in Cambodia, but no evidence exists about the access to and utilization of these tests. This limits public health interventions to increase testing, especially among vulnerable populations such as people living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a mixed method study among PLWH in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, between July and August 2022 to understand their current Ag-RDT access and utilization levels, as well as key barriers and drivers. We undertook a cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions among 280 and 10 PLWH, respectively, from five HIV treatment centres using a probability-proportional-to-size and simple random sampling approach. Access was defined as having received a COVID-19 Ag-RDT within the six months and utilization as having administered a COVID-19 Ag-RDT, either to oneself or to others, within the 12 months prior to the study. We calculated means, standard deviations and proportions for continuous and categorical variables, using a linear regression model with random effects to account for clustering. Additionally, we fitted a logistic model with random effects to assess factors associated with Ag-RDT access. For the qualitative data, we used thematic analyses to identify barriers/enablers of Ag-RDT access and utilization. About 35% (n = 101) of PLWH reported having had access to an Ag-RDT test in the past six months. About 11% (n = 32) of the study participants administered the Ag-RDT to themselves, 4% (n = 10) to others and 9% (n = 24) have done both, in the past 12 months. Age and education appeared to be associated with Ag-RDT access in the logistic models. Price and advice from pharmacists were commonly reported to be the main selection criteria for the brand of Ag-RDT chosen. Ag-RDTs are an important diagnostic tool for COVID-19 among PLWH in Cambodia, but familiarity of use and price could hinder better uptake, access and utilization.

UTILIZATION OF THE ANDROID APPLICATION SI-RAJA BUMIL (ESTIMATED FETAL WEIGHT OF PREGNANT WOMEN) IN MONITORING FETAL GROWTH IN MIDWIFE AT INDEPENDENT PREMISES IN TANJUNGPINANG CITY

Estimated fetal weight is useful for tracking fetal growth in the womb, allowing for the early detection of aberrant fetal growth. With the advancement of technology, Android users can be used as a channel for health education information. The objective of this study was to look at how utilizing the Android application Si-RAJA Bumil (Estimated Fetal Weight of Pregnant Women) affects pregnant women’s understanding of fetal growth monitoring. This study applied a quasi-experimental design with two groups pre-testing and post-testing. Samples of 60 pregnant women were collected using the Simple Random Sampling approach and divided into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. The Midwife Independent Practice in Tanjungpinang City collected data in September 2023. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze data. The knowledge value of pregnant women differs significantly between groups who do not utilize the Si-RAJA Bumil android application and groups that do, with a p-value of 0.003. Pregnant mothers are expected to be able to monitor their foetus’ growth and development using technological media such as the Si-RAJA Bumil application.

Role of Social Networks in Shaping Health Behavior of Chinese Adolescents

Aim: The access to social media websites has developed people's social media awareness. Often the misuse of social media adversely affects human behaviour and human health. The prime objective of this study was to provide practical guidelines to the Chinese government for improving the appropriate use of social media with recommended findings to improve the health behaviour of adolescents. Methods: This research used a sample of 382 individuals collected with a survey-based questionnaire using a simple random sampling approach. The data collected for this research was analysed using the R Package programming software RStudio. Resutls: The findings of this research highlighted the factors that significantly impact adolescents' health behaviour, such as frequency of social media use, peer influence, parental involvement, access to health information, and cultural influence. Conclusion: This study contributes to the body of knowledge with the critical findings based on the empirical evidence. These findings also address the inconsistencyfound in the previous literature. The Chinese government is required to work on this study's findings to improve the role of social media in adolescents' health behaviour.

The relationship between organisational culture and employee engagement in private hospitals

This study investigates the relationship between organisational culture and employee engagement in private hospitals in Ghana, thus creating a culture of perceptions that are favorable to increasing employee engagement. The construct of organisational culture has received extensive recognition as a way to apprehend human systems (Zhong et al., 2016). The study adopted a mixed-method approach using both qualitative and quantitative data. This study was carried out on a sample of 155 respondents using a simple random sampling approach and 15 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling approach from selected private hospitals located in Accra, a region in Ghana. Data were collected electronically (closed-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews). The psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the measuring instrument that was used to collect the quantitative data were statistically assessed using factor analysis and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha respectively. The quantitative data was examined using both descriptive and inferential statistics and the qualitative data was evaluated using thematic analyses. Employees held positive perceptions of the organisational culture (involvement, consistency, adaptability, mission) and employee engagement (vigour, absorption, dedication). This study specifies that there is a significant relationship between organisational culture and employee engagement. It also revealed that there exist significant intercorrelations between organisational culture (involvement, consistency, adaptability, mission) and employee engagement (vigour, absorption, dedication) respectively.

E-Booklet media can increase teenagers' knowledge about breast self-examination

Breast cancer in women is the highest number of cancer cases in the world. Adolescents aged 10-21 years with breast cancer are often found at an advanced stage. This incident was caused by the low knowledge of teenagers about early detection of breast cancer with BSE. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of e-booklet media in increasing young women's knowledge regarding breast self-examination (BSE). This research is quantitative with a pre-experiment research design with a pre-test and post-test design without a control group design. The sampling technique in this research uses a probability sampling technique with a Simple Random Sampling approach. The sample consisted of 81 respondents who were high school students in DKI Jakarta. The research results showed an increase in the average knowledge score of young women after being given the E-Booklet media about BSE with a p-value < 0.001. Health service institutions and schools can utilize E-Booklet media during health education, especially for young women regarding BSE.

Environmental Determinants of Attitude among Primary School Children in District Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan

This study aimed to explore the environmental determinants of attitude among primary school children. The primary goals of the study are to evaluate, to educate, to assist, and to help the environmental attitudes of students and teachers at primary school level. This study was descriptive in nature and utilized a survey method. The survey included all primary school students and instructors from public schools in southern Punjab. Data was collected using a simple random sampling approach. The sample size included 325 children and 75 instructors. Two separate questionnaires were employed as study instruments to gather data for both teachers and students. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, averages, and standard deviation to compare the perspectives of various respondent groups. The results were shown in tables and were described. The data analysis revealed that the teachers at primary schools level must inspire students to create a better atmosphere. Students should have the option to choose between government and private schools. Teachers should utilize audio-visual tools to enhance the effectiveness of their teaching during classroom instruction.

Can Financial Rewards Increase the Interest of a Student Career in the Field of Education Accounting?

The goal of this study was to identify the characteristics that affect accounting students' interest in selecting a career as an accountant educator, with the moderating variables of intrinsic worth of the work, professional recognition, and financial benefits. Students at the Ganesha University of Education's Accounting Study Program made up the study's sample. 166 respondents made up the sample in a simple random sampling approach. The data is shared online via a Google form, after which the SmartPLS program processes it. Partially, this study shows that the intrinsic value of work does not affect the career interest of students in the field of accounting educators, while professional recognition partially has a positive and significant effect on career interests of students in the field of accounting educators. Financial awards are also able to moderate the effect of professional recognition on students' career interests in the field of accounting educators.

PENGARUH VIRAL MARKETING DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SKINCARE CAMILLE BEAUTY

The fact of the rise of social media and the strong development of digital has made some entrepreneurs or business people to compete with each other to develop a product, with the trend that is developing today. This study aims to determine how much influence viral marketing and product quality have on purchasing decisions, this type of research is quantitative descriptive with an associative approach and uses multiple linear regression analysis. The sample in this study was consumers who used Camille beauty skincare which was determined using the calculation of the Slovin formula with alpha 5% and the results were 96 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study is probability sampling with a simple random sampling approach. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression, partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination. The results of this study show that simultaneously, viral marketing variables and product quality have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions while partially, viral marketing variables and product quality have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.

Increase Employee Retention: Impact Work-Life Balance, Meaningful Work, and Job Satisfaction Towards Turnover Intention

This study aims to examine the impact of work-life balance and meaningful work on turnover intention, with the mediating role of job satisfaction among employees at PT. Spectrum UniTec. The probability sampling technique with a simple random sampling approach was used to obtain 246 employee samples in PT. Spectrum UniTec Tangerang. Data were analyzed using the SEM-PLS method. This empirical study reveals that work-life balance, meaningful work, and job satisfaction have a significant negative impact on turnover intention. Meanwhile, work-life balance and meaningful work have a significant positive influence on job satisfaction. This empirical study also indicates that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between work-life balance and meaningful work on turnover intention. This study examines work-life balance, meaningful work as predictors of turnover intention, and confirms that job satisfaction is a mediating variable between meaningful work and work-life balance on turnover intention.Companies can pay attention to and create a work environment that supports employees' work-life balance, helps employees find meaning in their work, and enhances employee job satisfaction as efforts to reduce turnover intention. This research can enhance understanding of how factors like work-life balance, meaningful work, and job satisfaction interact and influence turnover intention

Farm Income Analysis of Shallot Farmers in Dulang, Enrekang, South Sulawesi

Shallot, recognized primarily as a spice vegetable, serves a pivotal role within the realm of vegetables. This study, undertaken in Dulang, Malua, Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, a prominent hub for shallot production in the Enrekang Regency, involved 90 respondents comprising shallot farmers. The principal objective of this research is to ascertain the income generated by these farmers. Employing a survey method, the study gathered data through direct interviews with shallot farmers, selected through a simple random sampling approach. The findings revealed that the average yield from shallot cultivation ranged between IDR 40,000,000 and IDR 50,000,000 per harvest. This outcome suggests the economic viability of shallot production in Dulang, Malua, Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Influence of Stakeholder's Engagement on Implementation of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Policy: A Case Study of Langas Estate Uasin Gishu County

Purpose: The purpose of the research study was to ascertain how the involvement of stakeholders affects the decline in substance abuse in Langas Estate. Specifically, the study was anchored on the following objectives; Public awareness, Capacity building and Policy implementation.
 Methodology: The researcher adopted a simple random sampling approach who were to help present primary data. Primary data was gathered using surveys with closed ended questions, with focus being on Langas Estate, comprising youth and adults. Google forms were used as the primary data collection tool, with respondents receiving a link to the form, filling and submitting the completed forms. Microsoft Excel was used to code, tabulate, and analyze correctly completed surveys forms. To get a representative sample, a 5% margin of error and 90% confidence level and a 30% proportion was used. The calculated sample size was 229 respondents. Descriptive statistics included means, standard deviation, frequency and percentages. Data was presented in form of tables and graphs. Correlation and regression analysis were used to explore the strength between the independent and dependent variables.
 Findings: The findings showed limited awareness of drug policies and education efforts based on low mean scores, reflecting gaps in the Belief System Model. Respondents disagreed that capacity building by entities like Nyumba Kumi is adequate, aligning with Family Systems Theory. Sentiment indicated ineffective policy implementation, tying to Problem Behavior Theory. The analysis reveals deficits in awareness, capacity building and policy implementation that likely perpetuate drug abuse, validating the study's theoretical framework. The study recommends stakeholders strengthen awareness campaigns, increase community empowerment programs, improve policy enforcement and funding support.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study identifies the gaps that lie between policy implementation, drugs and substance abuse awareness campaign. It shows that the stakeholders are not doing enough to help curb the menace. There are still gaps to be filled especially in awareness campaign, capacity building and policy implementation. It this calls for the full engagement of national government, county government, chief, Nyumba Kumi initiative and NACADA to play their roles effectively in enforcement of the stated policies.